Odontitella virgata
| Odontitella virgata | ||||||||||||
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name of the genus | ||||||||||||
| Odontitella | ||||||||||||
| Rothm. | ||||||||||||
| Scientific name of the species | ||||||||||||
| Odontitella virgata | ||||||||||||
| ( Link ) Rothm. |
Odontitella virgata is a semi-parasitic plant species fromthe summer root family (Orobanchaceae). It is the only species in the genus Odontitella . It is closely related to the genus of the tooth rusts ( Odontites ) and is occasionally assigned to them.
description
Vegetative characteristics
Odontitella virgata is a 15 to 45 (rarely up to 60) cm high, upright herbaceous plant . The stems are up to 4 mm thick at the base; the epicotylus is very short. Both the main stem and the side shoot are covered with bristly, tightly fitting trichomes , which are 0.1-0.5 mm long and up to 0.06 mm wide at the base, are white in color and directed forward. Stalk glands are not present. The vegetative part of the plant consists of eight to 18 nodes , of which three to 13 develop side shoots that are up to 35 cm long and are at an angle of 25 to 40 °.
The early falling leaves are linearly shaped, 10 to 20 mm long and 0.9 to 1.6 mm wide. They have entire margins or the lower leaves have one or two small teeth and are keeled. They are covered with white, bristly trichomes up to 0.5 mm long, lying close to or at an angle.
Inflorescences and flowers
The inflorescences consist of four to ten (on the main inflorescence up to 16) densely arranged flowers and are provided with scaly, foliage-like bracts . They are 1 to 2 cm long and extend to 4.5 cm when the fruit is ripe. The zone of inhibition between the inflorescences and the vegetative parts of the plant includes 3 to 12 (rarely up to 17) knots. The bracts are linear-lanceolate, with entire margins, somewhat keeled and thickened. The base is narrowly oval in shape. Due to the dense hairs made up of bristly trichomes on both sides, they appear gray-green to white-green.
The blooming sequence of the flowers of an inflorescence is from bottom to top. The flowers reach a length of 8 to 14 mm and are self-pollinating (autogamous). At the beginning of the flowering period, the calyx is 5.5 to 9 mm long, on the fruit it extends up to 12 mm. The sepals are free from each other for a third to half of the length and appear white-gray due to tightly fitting bristly hairs. The calyx lobes are triangular, the upper ones are significantly larger than the lower ones. The crown is initially light yellow in color, later turns to dark yellow and yellow-orange at the end of the flowering period. In the lower part it is hairy with simple and glandular hairs. The corolla tube has a length of 4.5 to 7 mm, which is half as long as the entire crown and shorter than the calyx. The outside and inside are richly covered with 0.04 to 0.08 mm long, backward-facing trichomes. The helmet is 4.5 to 6 mm long, hairless on the outside, on the inside there are tufts of hair below the tip. The lower lip is 4.5 to 5.5 mm long and three-lobed to about 5/6 of the length. On the outside and on the inside along the central veins, the petals are hairy with short bristles, in the upper part of the crown there are scattered short hairs. Below the tip there are about 0.05 mm long short glands on the inside, the lower lip ridges are also very hairy. The middle tip is almost square in shape and slightly edged, the outer tips are semicircular and almost as long as the middle tip.
The four stamens are enclosed by the upper lip. The upper pair has 2.8 to 3.2 mm, the lower 3.9 to 4.5 mm long stamens . On the ventral side, the stamens are covered with papillae over their entire length . The anthers are yellowish in color, 1.5 to 1.7 mm long and are at an angle of 70 to 85 ° to the stamens, so that they form an acute, almost right angle. The counters tear open over the entire length, are narrowed at the bottom into a spike tip. The dorsal side is hairless, the ventral side covered with whitish hairs up to 0.6 mm long. Towards the blunt end of the counters, the hair is curled and twisted almost screw-like. The pollen grains have a size of around 28.8 to 31.8 µm, their equatorial contour is circular, the pollen grain wall (exine) is uniformly thick everywhere and is finely structured retipilat. The ovary form in two subjects in total 20 to 30 ovules from. The stylus reaches a length of up to 8 mm and is hairy along its entire length with up to 0.1 mm long trichomes. The two scar branches are very short with a length of about 0.1 mm and covered with papillae.
Fruits and seeds
The fruits are narrow, ellipsoidal capsules that are 5.5 to 7.5 mm long and 2.3 to 2.7 mm wide. Its outline is almost rectangular. In the upper quarter, the capsules are covered with trichomes up to 0.6 mm long, and the hair on the edges of the amniotic sac extends up to almost half of the capsule. The seeds are 1.2 to 1.7 × 0.6 to 0.8 mm in size.
Chromosome number
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 26.
Occurrence and locations
Odontitella virgata occurs in the center and southwest of the Iberian Peninsula , but is absent in the north and east. It grows at altitudes between 10 and 1200 m on different soils such as lime, silicate and sand. In sparse pine forests with sandy soils, it grows between maritime pines ( Pinus pinaster ), pine trees ( Pinus pinea ) and Aleppo pines ( Pinus halepensis ). The species can often be found in large herds on dry summer meadows and pastures, and the species can also be found on fallow land.
Botanical history
The species was first described in 1806 by Johann Heinrich Friedrich Link as Euphrasia virgata . In 1913 Gonçalo António da Silva Ferreira Sampaio moved the species to the genus of the tooth rust ( Odontites ), but the name Odontites virgatus chosen by him is a nom. Illegal, since Johan Martin Christian Lange described another species under this name as early as 1870 .
The genus Odontitella was described by Werner Rothmaler in 1943 . The name chosen by him means "little Odontites" and refers to the genus of the tooth grates from which the genus was separated. Rothmaler differentiates the genus from the tooth grates by the anthers, which are similar to those of the Bartsia and Parentucellia , and by the shape of the crown. Rothmaler initially described the genus as the two species Odontiella virgata and Odontiella aragonensis , the latter being the first synonym in Markus Bolliger's monograph (1996).
literature
- Markus Bolliger: Monograph of the genus Odontites (Scrophulariaceae) and the related genera Macrosyringion, Odontitella, Bornmuellerantha and Bartsiella . In: Willdenowia: Annals of the Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin-Dahlem , Volume 26, 1996. pp. 37-168. (Online: Part 1 (PDF; 2.4 MB), Part 2 (PDF; 1.2 MB), Part 3 (PDF; 1.2 MB), Part 4 ; PDF; 2.1 MB)
- Werner Rothmaler: The split of Odontites Hall. ex. Tin. In: Communications of the Thuringian Botanical Association , New Series, Issue 50: Festschrift for the 80th birthday of Joseph Bornmüller . Verlag Gebr. Knabe KG, Weimar, 1943. Pages 224-230.
Individual evidence
- ^ Ophrys lutea at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis