Olive trees

Olive trees
	Olive tree ( Olea europaea )
Systematics
	Nuclear eudicotyledons
	Asterids
	Euasterids I
Order :	Mint family (Lamiales)
Family :	Olive family (Oleaceae)
Genre :	Olive trees
Scientific name
	Olea
	L.

The olive trees ( Olea ) are a genus of the olive family (Oleaceae) with 40 to 50 species. The best known representative in Europe is the olive tree ( Olea europaea ).

description

Olive trees are evergreen trees and shrubs . The simple leaves are opposite, simple and petiolate, the blade is entire or toothed.

Olea europaea , flowers

Olea europaea , fruits

The inflorescences arise from the leaf axils or are terminal panicles , occasionally grapes or umbels . The flowers are both hermaphroditic or unisexual, so there are male, female and hermaphrodite plants at the same time. The calyx is small, bell-shaped and four-lobed, the mostly hairy lobes are triangular or egg-shaped. The crown is also four-lobed and has a short tube. There are four or two stamens attached to the base of the flower tube, the stamens are short or absent entirely, the anthers are elliptical, egg-shaped or approximately round. There are two carpels per flower, the stylus is short or missing. The fruits are stone fruits with a thick and firm endocarp and usually only one seed.

distribution

The genus Olea is purely ancient, it is found in Europe, Africa, Asia, Australia and on the Pacific islands.

Olea capensis

Olea dioica

Olea lancea with fruit

Olea paniculata with fruits

Olea tsoongii

Systematics

The genus Olea includes 34 to 50 species:

Olea borneensis Boerl. : The home is Borneo up to the Philippines.
Olea brachiata (Lour.) Merr. : The home is China to Borneo.
Olea capensis L. (Syn .: Olea laurifolia Lam. ): With three subspecies. The species is common in tropical and southern Africa, the Comoros and Madagascar. In Natal / South Africa it is called the black ironwood tree.
Olea capitellata Ridl. : The homeland is the Malay Peninsula.
Olea caudatilimba L.C.Chia : The home is Yunnan in China .
Olea chimanimani Kupicha : The home is the Chimanimani Mountains in Mozambique and Zimbabwe
Olea cordatula H.L.Li : The home is Vietnam .
Olea dioica Roxb. : The home is India to Myanmar.
Olive tree, olive tree , ( Olea europaea L. ): With six subspecies. The distribution area includes Africa and the Mediterranean area to China.

Olea exasperata Jacq. : The home is the Capensis .

Olea gagnepainii Knobl. : The home is the southeast of Thailand and Laos.

Olea gamblei C.B. Clarke : The home is Sikkim and Bangladesh.

Olea hainanensis H.L.Li : The home is China, Laos and Vietnam.

Olea javanica (flower) Knobl. : Home is Sumatra, Borneo, Java, the Lesser Sunda Islands and the Philippines .

Olea lancea Lam. : The homeland is Madagascar, Réunion , Mauritius and Rodrigues .

Olea laxiflora H.L.Li : The home is Yunnan in China.

Olea luzonica Kiev (Syn .: Linociera obovata Merr. ): It occurs on Luzon . It was only placed in the genus Olea in 2016.

Olea moluccensis Kiev : The home is the Moluccas .

Olea neriifolia H.L.Li : The home is Hainan and the southeastern Vietnam.

Olea palawanensis Kiev : The home is the Philippines island of Palawan .

Olea paniculata R.Br. : The species is common in China, Indochina, the Indian subcontinent, Malaysia, Australia , New Caledonia and Vanuatu . It is a 15 to 18 m tall tree that produces very hard wood.

Olea parvilimba (Merr. & Chun) BM Miao : The home is from Hainan to Vietnam.

Olea polygama Wight : The home is southern India and Sri Lanka.

Olea puberula Ridl. : The home is Malaysia.

Olea rosea Craib : The home is China and northern Thailand.

Olea rubrovenia (Elmer) Kiev : Home is Borneo to the Philippines.

Olea salicifolia Wall. ex G.Don (Syn .: Olea guangxiensis B.M.Miao ): The homeland is Assam as far as southern China and the Malay Peninsula.

Olea schliebenii Knobl. : The home is the Uluguru Mountains in Tanzania .

Olea tetragonoclada L.C.Chia : The home is the Guangxi Autonomous Region in China.

Olea tsoongii (Merr.) PS Green : The home is southeast China to Hainan.

Olea welwitschii (Knobl.) Gilg & G. Schellenb. : The homeland ranges from Ethiopia to southern tropical Africa.

Olea wightiana Wall. ex G. Don : The homeland is India .

Olea woodiana Knobl. : With two subspecies:

Olea woodiana subsp. disjuncta P.S. Green : It occurs in Kenya and Tanzania.
Olea woodiana subsp. woodiana : It occurs in southern Africa.

Olea yuennanensis Hand.-Mazz. : The home is south-central China.

No longer counted in this genus:

Olea ambrensis H.Perrier => Noronhia olearia Hong-Wa
Olea obovata Baker non (Merr.) Kiev => Noronhia obovata (Baker) Hong-Wa & Callm.

proof

Mei-chen Chang, Lien-ching Chiu, Zhi Wei, Peter S. Green: Oleaceae. In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven (Ed.): Flora of China . Volume 15: Myrsinaceae through Loganiaceae . Science Press / Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis 1996, ISBN 0-915279-37-1 , pp. 295 (English). ( online ).

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad ^ae ^af ^ag ^ah ^ai ^aj ^ak ^al Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Olea. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved November 30, 2018.

Web links

Commons : Olive Trees ( Olea ) - Album with pictures, videos and audio files

Wiktionary: Ölbaum - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations

[WCSP-1] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad ^ae ^af ^ag ^ah ^ai ^aj ^ak ^al Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Olea. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved November 30, 2018.