Olivier Le Cour Grandmaison

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Olivier Le Cour Grandmaison, 2015

Olivier Le Cour Grandmaison (born September 19, 1960 in Paris ) is a French university professor of political science and political philosophy at the University of Évry .

subjects

With his work on French colonial history and its perception in the present, Olivier Le Cour Grandmaison has reached a larger audience since 2005 and at the same time triggered violent backlash in French history and the political right . He takes part in public debates on the culture of history, the integration of immigrants , and citizenship issues , whereby his positions are generally determined by the legacy of the French Revolution and the orientation on the declaration of human and civil rights as a yardstick. An important point of reference for him is the work of Michel Foucault .

Coloniser. Exterminer (Colonize. Eradicate.), 2005 - Demolition

Le Cour Grandmaison examines the peculiarities of the French colonial conflicts in North Africa and elsewhere. He is interested in the methods used by the French in Algeria of fumigating people who had sought refuge in spacious caves, the massacres of prisoners and civilians, the raids, the destruction of cultivated areas and the villages that have shaped the form of war since 1830 determined the dispute with Abd el-Kader (1808 to 1883). In the context of these conflicts there were increasing racist and discriminatory measures against the "natives", whose justification patterns Le Cour Grandmaison traced and traced in contemporary documents of the developing colonial studies, in the debates of the National Assembly and in fiction . These models of justification were finally codified in the Third French Republic and transferred to the new overseas territories of Indochina , New Caledonia and French West Africa , with the acquisition of which France quickly became the second colonial power after the British Empire around 1900 .

Le Cour Grandmaison sees Algeria as a space in which concepts such as “inferior races”, “ life unworthy of living ” and “ living space ” would have developed. In addition, the origins of new repressive measures such as administrative internment and, above all, collective liability can be observed, which are reflected as punitive measures for violations of the code of conduct since 1875 in the Code de l'indigénat (= legislation for the "natives") and the colonial state into one permanent state of emergency . The internment methods were then transferred to the mother country at the end of the 1930s and initially related to stateless foreigners, then to communists and finally, under the Vichy regime, to the French Jews and political prisoners destined for deportation to the German concentration and extermination camps .

Le Cour Grandmaison then sees the Algerian war 1954–1962 determined by the forms of conflict that would have been reflected in the extreme violence of the total wars on the Old Continent.

La République impériale (The Imperial Republic), 2009 - demolished

From a more limited perspective, Le Cour Grandmaison explores the question of why France, as a human rights-oriented republic, was able to develop into the second largest colonial power after 1871. For by 1913 the French possessions had grown from one million square kilometers to 13 million and by 1938 the number of "natives" had grown from 7 to 70 million. This means that France, of all things, as a republic has developed into a previously unprecedented world empire , which had to initiate and implement appropriate measures for its leadership, which ultimately found their expression in all public life. Le Cour Grandmaison in turn pursues these measures in philosophical, legal and literary texts and above all in the debates of the National Assembly, in which Jules Ferry , to the left, republican camp, presented himself as an unconditional supporter of colonization and the idea of ​​living space. It was about the realization of the Plus Grande France , the “greater France”, as the formula was. It was reflected in numerous new institutions (1878: Commission supérieure des colonies ; 1882: Secrétariat d'État aux Colonies ; 1883: Alliance française ; 1889: Establishment of the École coloniale for the training of administrative staff; 1894: Colonial Ministry; 1905: Integration of the colonial legislation in the law faculties of universities; 1923: establishment of the Académie des sciences coloniales ; 1931: colonies are subject of examination in the Baccalauréat ). In order to grasp the complexity of the colonial process that increasingly seized the state and civil society, Le Cour Grandmaison introduces the term “imperialization”.

Le Cour Grandmaison continues to pursue the concept of " living space ", which was developed for the French colonial discussion in 2005, and makes a distinction between "imperial" and "National Socialist living space". With all the peculiarities of the crimes committed by the National Socialists on the European continent, it is impossible to separate the appearance, formation and sometimes even the exact functioning of the "National Socialist" from the "imperial living space". This preceded that and was too often underestimated and even ignored in its precursor role. That happened in investigations in which Adolf Hitler's ideas were torn out of the context of the epoch in which they were created, which represents a “singular decontextualization”.

Works

  • Les Citoyennetés en Révolution, 1789-1794. PUF, Paris 1992, ISBN 2-130-44630-2 .
  • Haine (s): Philosophy et Politique. PUF, Paris 2002, ISBN 2-130-52608-X .
  • Coloniser, exterminer. Sur la guerre et l'Etat colonial. Fayard, Paris 2005, ISBN 2-213-62316-3 .
  • La République impériale. Politique et racisme d'État. Fayard, Paris 2009, ISBN 978-2-213-62515-7 .
  • De l'indigénat. Anatomie d'un “monstre” juridique: le droit colonial en Algérie et dans l'Empire français. Zones (Éditions la Découverte), Paris 2010, ISBN 978-2-35522-005-0 .
  • L'Empire des hygiénistes. Vivre aux colonies. Fayard, Paris 2014, ISBN 978-2-213-66236-7 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Le 17 octobre 1961: un crime d'État à Paris , sous la dir. de O. Le Cour Grandmaison, Les Editions La Dispute: Paris 2001.
  2. ↑ Le retour des camps: Sangatte, Lampedusa, Guantanamo , sous la dir. de O. Le Cour Grandmaison, G. Lhuilier, J. Valluy, Editions Autrement: Paris 2007.
  3. ^ Haine (s): Philosophy et politique, avant-propos d ' Étienne Balibar , PUF: Paris 2002.
  4. ↑ In detail: Olivier Le Cour Grandmaison, De l'indigénat. Anatomie d'un “monstre” juridique: le droit colonial en Algérie et dans l'Empire français , Zones (Éditions la Découverte): Paris 2010.
  5. ↑ Olivier Le Cour Grandmaison, Coloniser. Exterminers. Sur la guerre et l'État colonial , Fayard, Paris 2005.
  6. ↑ The attribute "larger" for the corresponding country refers to the colonial expansion beyond the national borders and is common property of European concept formation up to the present: Charles Dilkes wrote his book " Greater Britain " in England in 1869 (cf. Hannah Arendt , elements and Originals of total rule , 2001, p. 397); Paul Rohrbach published his work “ The Greater Germany ” in August 1915 (cf. Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk , Das neue Europa , 1922/1991, p. 181). There is an analogous reflection in the demand for Greater Israel or Greater Israel .
  7. ↑ Olivier Le Cour Grandmaison, La République impériale. Politique et racisme d'État , Fayard: Paris 2009, p. 343. - Eberhard Jäckel appears to him as an example of such a decontextualization in his book “Hitler's Weltanschauung. Draft of a Dominion ”(1981), whereas Yehuda Bauer states that the ideas that are considered racist today were not alien to the colonizers of the New World, the Far East and Africa.
personal data
SURNAME Le Cour Grandmaison, Olivier
BRIEF DESCRIPTION French university professor of political science and political philosophy
DATE OF BIRTH September 19, 1960
PLACE OF BIRTH Paris