Olyreae

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Olyreae
Stalk with leaves and inflorescence of Parodiolyra ramosissima from the Untertribus Olyrinae

Stalk with leaves and inflorescence of Parodiolyra ramosissima from the Untertribus Olyrinae

Systematics
Monocots
Commelinids
Order : Sweet grass (Poales)
Family : Sweet grasses (Poaceae)
Subfamily : Bamboo (Bambusoideae)
Tribe : Olyreae
Scientific name
Olyreae
Kunth ex Spenn.

The Olyreae are a tribe from the subfamily Bambusoideae , whose representatives, unlike the other bamboo species, do not lignify and form unisexual spikelets. Their natural range is in Central and South America, the Caribbean and New Guinea. There are other areas of distribution in Africa, but it is unclear whether these are of natural origin.

description

The representatives form weakly or clearly developed, leptomorphic rhizomes . The stalks are herbaceous to almost woody. The straw sheaths usually do not form leaf blades, but leaf blades may be present in species with long stalks. In contrast to the bamboo species of the other tribes, the leaves lack the outer ligule . The leaf sheaths can show fringes and / or blister-like swellings near or at the end, but mostly auricles or such appendages are missing. The leaf blade forms a stalk-like, not articulated approach to the sheath. The leaf blades are permanent or fall off early, they fold in some genera at night.

The compound inflorescences have no bracts or are surrounded by a leaf sheath in the genus Eremitis . The inflorescence is formed in one growing season, buds at the base of the spikelets are absent. The representatives of the Olyreae are monoecious . The spikelets are unisexual, single-flowered, bivalent and have no extension of the spikelet axis. The beginnings of a pistil in male flowers and stamens in female flowers can occur. Female spikelets form two Glumes , the lemma is membranous or leathery frequent, more annoying and except in the genera Agnesia , Buergersiochloa and Ekmanochloa awnless . The palea shows some to several veins. The male spikelets are usually smaller than the female, usually the glumes are absent or rarely two well-developed glumes are formed. The lemma is membranous and three-veined. The caryopsis has a mostly linear hilum, more rarely a punctiform hilum .

The base chromosome number is x = 7, 9, 10, 11 and 12.

Systematics and distribution

The olyreae are a tribe in the subfamily of Bambusoideae . They are the sister taxon of the tropical and subtropical bamboo species of the Tribus Bambuseae , and together they form the sister group to the Tribus Arundinarieae of the woody bamboo species of the temperate zone. This results in the following cladogram within the Bambusoideae

 Bambusoideae 

Arundinarieae


   

Bambuseae


   

Olyreae




The genera of the tribe Olyrieae are assigned to three sub-tribus:

Subertribus Buergersiochloinae

The representatives of the Buergersiochloinae (STBlake) LGClark & ​​Judz. have fringed leaf sheaths. The inflorescences are panicles and the female lemmas are grazed. Male flowers have two or three stamens. The tribe is assigned a genus

Subertribus Parianinae

The species of the Parianinae Hack. in Engler & Prantl have a fringed leaf sheath tip. The inflorescences are eternal . Female lemmas do not bear awn. Male flowers have three or six, rarely 36 to 40 stamens. The tribe are assigned to two genera with a total of 36 species

  • Eremitis Döll with only one species:
    • Eremitis parviflora (Trin.) CECalderón ex Soderstr. : It occurs only in the Brazilian states of Bahia and Espírito Santo.
  • Pariana Aubl. with about 35 species that are native to Central America and tropical South America.

Sub tribus Olyrinae

The tips of the leaf sheaths of the Olyrinae Kromb. are not fringed. The inflorescences are panicley or racemose . The lemmas of the female flowers are not awned , except for the genera Agnesia and Ekmanochloa . Male flowers have two or three stamens. The tribe are assigned to 18 genera with 85 species

  • Agnesia Zuloaga & Judz. : With only one type:
    • Agnesia lancifolia (Mez) Zuloaga & Judz. : It occurs in Colombia, northern Peru and northern Brazil.
  • Arberella Soderstr. & CE Calderón : With about seven species that occur from Costa Rica to tropical South America.
  • Cryptochloa Swallen : With about eight species that occur from southern Mexico to tropical South America.
  • Diandrolyra Stapf : With three species that occur in eastern Brazil.
  • Ekmanochloa Hitchc. : With two species that occur in eastern Cuba.
  • Froesiochloa G. A. Black : With only one species:
  • Lithachne P. Beauv. : With four species that are native to tropical and subtropical America.
Foliage leaves of Olyra latifolia
Sucrea monophylla inflorescence
  • Maclurolyra C.E. Calderón & Soderstr. : With only one type:
  • Mniochloa Chase : With only one species:
  • Olyra L. (Syn .: Lepturopsis Steud .; Mapira Adans. ): With about 24 species. They are native to tropical and subtropical America, tropical Africa, Madagascar and the Comoros.
  • Parodiolyra Soderstr. & Zuloaga : With about six species that occur in Central America and in tropical South America.
  • Piresia Swallen : With around five species that occur from Trinidad to tropical South America.
  • Piresiella Judz. et al. : With only one type:
  • Raddia Bertol. : With about nine species that occur from Trinidad to Brazil.
  • Raddiella Swallen : With around eight species that occur from Trinidad and Panama to tropical South America.
  • Rehia Fijten : With only one type:
    • Rehia nervata Fijten : It occurs from northern South America to Brazil.
  • Reitzia Swallen : With only one species:
    • Reitzia smithii Swallen : It occurs only in southern and southeastern Brazil.
  • Sucrea Soderstr. : With only three species that occur in eastern Brazil.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Sungkaew et al .: Non-monophyly of the woody bamboos (Bambuseae; Poaceae): a multi-gene region phylogenetic analysis of Bambusoideae ss , 2009, p. 104.
  2. ↑ a b c d Bamboo Phylogeny Group: An Updated Tribal and Subtribal Classification of the Bamboos (Poaceae: Bambusoideae) , The Journal of the American Bamboo Society, 2012, p. 8.
  3. ↑ Sungkaew et al .: Non-monophyly of the woody bamboos (Bambuseae; Poaceae): a multi-gene region phylogenetic analysis of Bambusoideae ss , 2009, p. 103.
  4. ↑ a b c d Bamboo Phylogeny Group: An Updated Tribal and Subtribal Classification of the Bamboos (Poaceae: Bambusoideae) , The Journal of the American Bamboo Society, 2012, p. 9.
  5. ↑ a b c Bamboo Phylogeny Group: An Updated Tribal and Subtribal Classification of the Bamboos (Poaceae: Bambusoideae) , The Journal of the American Bamboo Society, 2012, p. 2.
  6. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Poaceae. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved January 8, 2015.

literature

  • Bamboo Phylogeny Group: An Updated Tribal and Subtribal Classification of the Bamboos (Poaceae: Bambusoideae) . In: The Journal of the American Bamboo Society . tape 24 , no. 1 , 2012, ISSN  0197-3789 , p. 1–10 ( from bamboo.org [PDF; accessed January 17, 2015]).
  • Sarawood Sungkaew, Chris MA Stapleton, Nicolas Salamin & Trevor R. Hodkinson: Non-monophyly of the woody bamboos (Bambuseae; Poaceae): a multi-gene region phylogenetic analysis of Bambusoideae s. s. In: Journal of Plant Research . tape 122 , 2009, p. 95-108 , doi : 10.1007 / s10265-008-0192-6 .

Web links

Commons : Olyreae  - collection of images, videos and audio files