Bambuseae

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Bambuseae
Culms of Bambusa vulgaris

Culms of Bambusa vulgaris

Systematics
Monocots
Commelinids
Order : Sweet grass (Poales)
Family : Sweet grasses (Poaceae)
Subfamily : Bamboo (Bambusoideae)
Tribe : Bambuseae
Scientific name
Bambuseae
Kunth ex Dumort.

The Bambuseae are one of three tribes of the subfamily Bambusoideae with woody bamboo species that are native to the tropics and subtropics of the New and Old World .

description

The representatives of the tribe form pachymorphic stalk bases (pachymorphic rhizomes), some representatives of the genus Chusquea also form leptomorphic rhizomes. The stalks lignify and are mostly hollow, only the Chusquea species and a few other species form massive stalks. They develop in two phases: initially the stalks grow to their full length, protected by stalk leaves and unbranched, and lignify in a second phase, whereby branches and leaves are formed. The branches develop either acropetally (from the base to the tip of the stalk) or bidirectional (the first branches appear near the center of the stalk). The branches are usually only formed from one bud per node . The genera Apoclada , Filgueirasia and Holttumochloa form several almost equally large buds per node, the genus Chusquea one central larger and several smaller buds. The stalk leaves are usually well developed and show wide leaf sheaths and well developed to reduced stalk leaf blades. Culm leaf blades may also be absent or, for example, in the genus Aulonemia and in some species of the genus Chusquea they resemble those of the deciduous leaves. The leaves have an outer ligule , the leaf sheaths are often fringed or have auricle-shaped appendages at the tip . The leaf blades usually form a stem-like approach and can be thrown off.

The representatives of the tribe usually bloom cyclically every several years, with entire groups blooming at the same time and the plants then dying off ( hepaxanth ). The compound inflorescences are formed in one growth period and consist of spikelets and then have no bracts , or they have several growth periods, spikelets (spikelets with buds at the base, from which further spikelets are formed) and then have bracts. The spikelets are bisexual and form one to many hermaphrodite florets . The glumes may be greatly reduced or absent, rarely up to six glumes are formed. The lemma is multi-veined and is similar in texture to the glumes. The palea is keeled twice, also multiple veined with an even number of leaf veins. The fruits are usually simple, less often, for example, in the genera Alvimia , Dinochloa , Ochlandra , Olmeca and at least in one species of Guadua beaked or in the genera Actinocladum and Merostachys nut-shaped caryopses with a linear hilum .

The base chromosome number is x = 10 and 12, less often 11, the chromosome number is 2n = 40, 46, 48, 70 or 72, less often 20 or 40.

Systematics and distribution

The Bambuseae are one of three tribes in the subfamily of Bambusoideae . Traditionally the subfamily was divided into two tribes, the woody Bambuseae and the herbaceous growing Olyreae . Phylogenetic studies have shown that the Bambuseae are not monophyletic in this sense . The herbaceous growing Olyreae form the sister taxon of the tropical and subtropical widespread, woody bamboo genera. The woody bamboo genera that occur in the temperate climate zones are the sister taxon to the group of herbaceous and tropical and subtropical woody bamboo genera and have been assigned to a separate tribe Arundinarieae . The common feature of the tribes is the time course of the development of the branches (acropetal or bidirectional).

This results in the following cladogram within the Bambusoideae :

 Bambusoideae 

Arundinarieae


   

Bambuseae


   

Olyreae




A distinction is made between two groups: woody types of bamboo, which are native to the tropics and subtropics of the New World, and woody types, which are found in the tropics and subtropics of the old world. The groups are further subdivided into seven sub-tribus with a total of 66 classes. The Bamboo Phylogeny Group indicates the following sub-tribus and genera for the Bambuseae in 2012:

Woody bamboos from the tropics and subtropics of the New World

The group includes three sub-tribus with a total of 19 genera and about 377 species.

Untertribus Arthrostylidiinae

14 genera with a total of around 172 species are assigned to the sub-tribus:

  • Actinocladum McClure ex Soderstr. with only one kind
  • Alvimia C.E. Calderón ex Soderstr. & Londoño : The three or so species are common in northeastern Brazil.
  • Arthrostylidium Rupr. : The approximately 32 species arewidespreadin the Neotropic .
  • Athroostachys Benth. : It contains only one type:
  • Atractantha McClure : The six or so species are common in Venezuela and Brazil.
  • Aulonemia Goudot (in which the earlier genus Matudacalamus F.Maek. Was also classified): The approximately 45 species are distributed from Mexico through Central America to tropical South America .
  • Colanthelia McClure & EWSm. : The seven species are common in Brazil and Argentina.
  • Didymogonyx (LGClark & ​​Londono) CDTyrell, LGClark & ​​Londono with two species
  • Elytrostachys McClure : The only two species are distributed from tropical Central to South America.
  • Filgueirasia Guala with two species that occur in Brazil.
  • Glaziophyton Franch. with only one kind:
  • Merostachy's blast. : The approximately 47 species are distributed from tropical Central to South America.
  • Rhipidocladum McClure : The 16 or so species are distributed from Mexico through Central America to tropical South America and occur on the island of Trinidad.

Subertribus Chusqueinae

The sub-tribus is assigned a genus with around 160 species:

  • Chusquea Kunth (the earlier genera Neurolepis Meisn. , Rettbergia Raddi and Swallenochloa McClure were also assigned tothe genus) with around 160 species.

Subertribus Guaduinae

Five genera with a total of around 45 species are assigned to the sub-tribus:

  • Apoclada McClure with only one species:
  • Eremocaulon Soderstr. & Londoño (which also contains Criciuma Soderstr. & Londoño ): The fouror sospecies are common in Brazil.
  • Guadua Kunth : The approximately 27 species are distributed from Mexico via Central America to tropical South America and it occurs on the island of Trinidad.
  • Olmeca Soderstr. : The approximately five species are distributed from southern Mexico to Honduras.
  • Otatea (McClure & EWSm.) CECalderón ex Soderstr. : The approximately nine species are distributed from Mexico through Central America to Colombia.

Woody bamboo species of the tropics and subtropics of the Old World

The group includes four sub-tribus with a total of 47 genera and around 407 species

Subertribus Bambusinae

28 genera with a total of about 264 species are assigned to the sub-tribus:

  • Bambusa Schreb. (The former genera Dendrocalamopsis Q.H.Dai & XLTao , Ischurochloa Buse , Leleba Rumph. ex Nakai , Lingnania McClure , Neosinocalamus Keng f. and Tetragonocalamus Nakai are also assigned to the genus): the approximately 100 species are from tropical and subtropical Asia to northern Australia spread.
  • Bonia Balansa (with Monocladus L.C.Chia ): The approximately five species are distributed from southeast China to Vietnam.
  • Cyrtochloa S. Transf. : With 7 species that occur in the Philippines.
  • Dendrocalamus Nees (with Klemachloa R.Parker and Sinocalamus McClure ): The approximately 57 species are widespread in tropical and subtropical Asia.
  • Dinochloa Buse : The approximately 38 species are distributed from the eastern Himalayas to Malesia and in Hainan and Taiwan.
  • Fimbribambusa Widjaja : With two species that occur from Malesia to New Guinea.
  • Gigantochloa Short ex Munro : The 55 or so species are distributed from tropical Asia to southern China.
  • Greslania Balansa : The two species arenativeto New Caledonia .
  • Holttumochloa K.M.Wong : The three or so species are common on the Malay Peninsula .
  • Kinabaluchloa K.M.Wong : The only two types are common in Thailand, Malaysia, Borneo and Vietnam.
  • Maclurochlora Wong : With three species that occur in Malaysia and Vietnam.
  • Melocalamus Benth. : The approximately 13 species are distributed from Assam to Indochina and southern China.
  • Mullerochloa K.M.Wong with a species:
  • Neololeba Widjaja : With five species that occur from Malesia to northeastern Australia.
  • Neomicrocalamus P.C.Keng (with Microcalamus Gamble ) with five species that occur from the Himalayas to China and Indochina and in Africa ( Microcalamus ).
  • Oreobambos K.Schumann with a species:
  • Oxytenanthera Munro with a species:
  • Parabambusa Widjaja with only one species:
  • Phuphanochloa Sungkaew & Teerawat. with a kind:
  • Pinga Widjaja with a species:
  • Pseudobambusa T.Q.Nguyen with a species:
  • Pseudoxytenanthera Soderstr. & Ellis : With 12 species that occur in India, Sri Lanka and Indonesia.
  • Soejatmia K.M.Wong with a species:
  • Sphaerobambos S. Transf. : The three or so species are distributed from northern Borneo to Sulawesi .
  • Temochloa J. Transf . with a kind:
  • Temburongia S. Transf. & KMWong with a kind:
  • Thyrsostachys Gamble : The only two species are common from Indochina to China.

subtribe Hickeliinae

The sub-tribus is assigned to eight genera with a total of around 33 species:

  • Cathariostachys S. Transf . with 2 species that occur in Madagascar.
  • Decaryochloa A. Camus with a species:
  • Hickelia A.Camus (with Pseudocoix A.Camus ): The four or so species occur in Madagascar and Tanzania.
  • Hitchcockella A.Camus : It contains only one species:
  • Nastus Juss. (with Chloothamnus Büse and Oreiostachys Gamble ): The approximately 25 species are distributed on islands in the western Indian Ocean and between Indochina and New Guinea.
  • Perrier bamboo A. Camus : The two species occur in Madagascar.
  • Sirochloa S.Dransf. with a kind:
  • Valiha (Munro) S. Transf. S.Dransf. with two species that occur in Madagascar.

subtribe Melocanninae

The sub-tribus is assigned to ten genera with a total of around 88 species:

  • Cephalostachyum Munro : The approximately 14 species are distributed from India and Indochina to China and the Philippines and it occurs in Madagascar.
  • Davidsea Soderstr. & RPEllis with a species:
  • Melocanna Trin. : The roughly two species are distributed from the Indian subcontinent to Myanmar and southern Thailand.
  • Neohouzeaua A. Camus : The six or so species are distributed from the eastern Himalayas to Indochina.
  • Ochlandra Thwaites (Syn .: Beesha Munro ): The twelve or so species are native to Sri Lanka and India.
  • Pseudostachyum Munro : it contains only one species:
  • Schizostachyum Nees (with Leptocanna L.C.Chia & HLFung and Dendrochloa C.E.Parkinson ): The approximately 64 species are widespread in tropical to subtropical Asia and come to Madagascar and the Marquesas before.
  • Stapletonia P.Singh, SSDash & P.Kumari : With two species that occur in the eastern Himalayas.
  • Teinostachyum Munro with two species (the genus is also included in the genus Schizostachyum )

Subertribus Racemobambusinae

A genus with around 20 species is assigned to the sub-tribus:

literature

  • Bamboo Phylogeny Group: An Updated Tribal and Subtribal Classification of the Bamboos (Poaceae: Bambusoideae) . In: The Journal of the American Bamboo Society . tape 24 , no. 1 , 2012, ISSN  0197-3789 , p. 1–10 ( from bamboo.org [PDF; accessed January 17, 2015]).
  • Bamboo Phylogeny Group: An Updated Tribal and Subtribal Classification of the Bamboos (Poaceae: Bambusoideae) . In: 9th World Bamboo Congress . 2012, ISSN  2150-1165 ( from worldbamboo.net [accessed January 17, 2015]).

Web links

Commons : Bambuseae  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Bamboo Phylogeny Group: An Updated Tribal and Subtribal Classification of the Bamboos (Poaceae: Bambusoideae) , 9th World Bamboo Congress, 2012, p. 12.
  2. ↑ a b Bamboo Phylogeny Group: An Updated Tribal and Subtribal Classification of the Bamboos (Poaceae: Bambusoideae) , 9th World Bamboo Congress, 2012, p. 15. (identical to Bamboo Phylogeny Group: An Updated Tribal and Subtribal Classification of the Bamboos ( Poaceae: Bambusoideae) , The Journal of the American Bamboo Society, 2012, p. 4.)
  3. ↑ Bamboo Phylogeny Group: An Updated Tribal and Subtribal Classification of the Bamboos (Poaceae: Bambusoideae) , 9th World Bamboo Congress, 2012, p. 15. (identical to Bamboo Phylogeny Group: An Updated Tribal and Subtribal Classification of the Bamboos (Poaceae: Bambusoideae) , The Journal of the American Bamboo Society, 2012, p. 5.)
  4. ↑ Sungkaew et al .: Non-monophyly of the woody bamboos (Bambuseae; Poaceae): a multi-gene region phylogenetic analysis of Bambusoideae ss , 2009, p. 95.
  5. ^ A b Bamboo Phylogeny Group: An Updated Tribal and Subtribal Classification of the Bamboos (Poaceae: Bambusoideae) , The Journal of the American Bamboo Society, 2012, p. 2.
  6. ↑ Sungkaew et al .: Non-monophyly of the woody bamboos (Bambuseae; Poaceae): a multi-gene region phylogenetic analysis of Bambusoideae ss , 2009, p. 103.
  7. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj Poaceae. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew., Accessed on August 23, 2018 .
  8. ↑ Arundinarieae in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.