Arundinarieae

Arundinarieae
	Forest of stalks of Phyllostachys edulis
Systematics
	Monocots
	Commelinids
Order :	Sweet grass (Poales)
Family :	Sweet grasses (Poaceae)
Subfamily :	Bamboo (Bambusoideae)
Tribe :	Arundinarieae
Scientific name
	Arundinarieae
	Nees ex Asch. & Graebn.

The Arundinarieae are one of three tribes in the subfamily of Bambusoideae with woody bamboo species in the temperate climate of Asia , Africa and North America occur.

description

The representatives of the tribe usually form leptomorphic rhizomes with well-developed stalk bases. The stalks lignify and are mostly hollow. They develop in two phases: initially the stalks grow to their full length, protected by stalk leaves and unbranched, and lignify in a second phase, whereby branches and leaves are formed. The branches develop basipetally, i.e. first the branches near the tip of the stalk. The branches are usually only formed from one bud per node, exceptions are the representatives of the genera Chimonocalamus and Chimonobambusa , which form several buds. The stalk leaves are usually well developed and show wide leaf sheaths and well developed to reduced stalk leaf blades. The leaves have an outer ligule , the leaf sheaths are often fringed or have auricle-shaped appendages at the tip . The leaf blades form a stem-like approach and can be thrown off.

The representatives of the tribe bloom cyclically every several years, with whole groups blooming at the same time, and they are hepaxanth , so they die after blooming. The compound inflorescences are formed in one growth period and consist of spikelets and then have no bracts , or they have several growth periods, spikelets (spikelets with buds at the base, from which further spikelets are formed) and then have bracts. The spikelets are twofold and form one to many hermaphrodite florets . Usually two to four, more rarely none or only one glume are formed. The lemma is multi-veined and is similar in texture to the glumes. The palea is keeled twice, also annoyed several times, but has an even number of nerves. The fruits are caryopses with a linear hilum .

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 48.

Systematics and distribution

The Arundinarieae are one of the three tribes in the subfamily of the Bambusoideae . Traditionally the subfamily was divided into two tribes, the woody Bambuseae and the herbaceous growing Olyreae. Phylogenetic studies have shown that the Bambuseae are not monophyletic in this sense. The herbaceous growing Olyreae form the sister taxon of the tropical and subtropical widespread, woody bamboo genera. The woody bamboo genera that occur in the temperate climate zones are the sister taxon to the group of herbaceous and tropical and subtropical woody bamboo genera and have been assigned to a separate tribe Arundinarieae. The common feature of the tribe is the temporal course of the development of the branches (basipetal, the branches appear first at the tip of the stalk and later at the base) and the number of chromosomes (2n = 48).

This results in the following cladogram within the Bambusoideae :

Bambusoideae

Arundinarieae

	Bambuseae

	Olyreae

The genera of the tribes have traditionally been divided into three sub-tribes, the Arundinariinae, the Shibateinae and the Thamnocalaminae, based on the presence of spikelets and the rhizome structure. According to phylogenetic studies, these sub-tribus are polyphyletic and have therefore been abandoned. The relationship between the genera is unclear and needs to be investigated more closely.

Arundinaria gigantea

Fargesia nitida

Sasa veitchii

The following genera are assigned to the tribe:

Acidosasa B.M.Yang (together with the species that were previously included in the genus Metasasa W.T.LIN ): The eleven or so species are distributed from southern China to northern Vietnam.

Ampelocalamus S.L. Chen THWen & GYSheng : The approximately 13 species are distributed from the Himalayas to Taiwan.

Arundinaria Michx. (Syn .: Ludolfia Willd. Nom. Illeg., Macronax Raf. Nom. Superfl., Miegia Pers. Nom. Illeg., Triglossum fish. ): Only about three species are common in the USA. Including:

Arundinaria gigantea (Walter) Muhl. : It occurs in the east-central and southeastern United States.

Bashania P.C. Keng & Yi : With seven types including:

Bashania fargesii (EGCamus) Keng f. & TPYi (Syn .: Arundinaria fargesii E.G.Camus )

Chimonobambusa Makino (with representatives of the genus Menstruocalamus T.P.Yi , Oreocalamus Keng and Qiongzhuea Hsueh f. & TPYi ): The approximately 40 species are distributed from the eastern Himalayas to China and Indochina, in Taiwan and Japan.

Chimonocalamus Hsueh f. & TPYi : The approximately 16 species are distributed from Indochina to southern China and the eastern Himalayas.

Drepanostachyum P.C.Ken : The ten or so species are distributed from Indochina to southern China and the eastern Himalayas.

Fargesia Franch. (with Borinda Stapleton and Sinarundinaria Nakai ): The approximately 90 species are distributed from the eastern Himalayas to China and Vietnam.

Ferrocalamus Hsueh & Keng f. with only one kind:

Ferrocalamus strictus Hsueh & Keng f. : It only occurs in Yunnan .

Gaoligongshania with a species:

Gaoligongshania megalothyrsa (Hand.-Mazz.) DZLi Hsueh & NHXia : It occurs in northwestern Yunnan .

Gelidocalamus T.H.Wen : The approximately 13 species are distributed from southern China to Nansei-shoto and Taiwan.

Himalayan Calamus Keng f. : The approximately nine species are distributed from Tibet to the Himalayas and Assam .

Indocalamus Nakai : The 33 or so species are distributed from China to Indochina .

Indosasa McClure : The approximately 20 species are distributed from southern China to Indochina.

Oligostachyum Z.P.Wang & GHYe (with Clavinodium T.H.Wen ): The approximately 15 species are distributed from southern China to Hainan.

× Phyllosasa Demoly with

× Phyllosasa tranquillans (Koidz.) Demoly = Phyllostachys nigra var. Henonis × Sasa veitchii : It occurs in southern Honshu.

Phyllostachys Siebold & Zucc. : The approximately 50 species are distributed from the Himalayas to China and Taiwan.

Pleioblastus Nakai (with Nipponocalamus Nakai and Polyanthus C.H. Hu ): The approximately 40 species are distributed from China to Japan and Nansei-shoto .

Pseudosasa Makino ex Nakai : The 20 or so species are distributed from Vietnam to Hainan, China and Japan.

Sasa Makino & Shibata : The 40 or so species are distributed from China and Hainan to Korea, Japan and Sakhalin .

Sasaella Makino : With around 11 species that occur in Japan.

Sasamorpha Nakai : With about five species that occur from southern China to Korea and from Sakhalin to Japan.

Semiarundinaria Makino ex Nakai (with Brachystachyum Keng ): The ten or so species are distributed from southern China to Hainan and Japan.

Shibataea Makino ex Nakai : The seven or so species are distributed from southwest China to western Japan.

Sinobambusa Makino ex Nakai : The approximately 13 species are distributed from southern China to Vietnam.

Thamnocalamus Munro : The only three species left since 2013 are distributed from the Himalayas to Tibet.

Yushania Keng f. (with Burma bamboo P.C.Keng , Butania P.C.Keng and Monospatha W.T.Lin , to which some authors also include Gaoligongshania D.Z.Li Hsueh & NHXia ): The approximately 87 species are from Ethiopia to Zambia , in Madagascar and from India to China and the Philippines spread.

literature

Bamboo Phylogeny Group: An Updated Tribal and Subtribal Classification of the Bamboos (Poaceae: Bambusoideae) . In: The Journal of the American Bamboo Society . tape 24 , no. 1 , 2012, ISSN 0197-3789 , p. 1–10 ( from bamboo.org [PDF; accessed January 17, 2015]).

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ Bamboo Phylogeny Group: An Updated Tribal and Subtribal Classification of the Bamboos (Poaceae: Bambusoideae) , The Journal of the American Bamboo Society, 2012, p. 4.
↑ Sungkaew et al .: Non-monophyly of the woody bamboos (Bambuseae; Poaceae): a multi-gene region phylogenetic analysis of Bambusoideae s. s. , 2009, p. 95.
^ ^A ^b Bamboo Phylogeny Group: An Updated Tribal and Subtribal Classification of the Bamboos (Poaceae: Bambusoideae) , The Journal of the American Bamboo Society, 2012, p. 2.
↑ Sungkaew et al .: Non-monophyly of the woody bamboos (Bambuseae; Poaceae): a multi-gene region phylogenetic analysis of Bambusoideae s. s. , 2009, p. 103.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab Rafaël Govaerts (ed.): Poaceae. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved August 23, 2018.
↑ Gaoligongshania. In: The Plant List. Retrieved February 14, 2015 .
↑ × Phyllosasa. In: The Plant List. Retrieved February 14, 2015 .

Web links

Commons : Arundinarieae - collection of images, videos and audio files

[BPG4-1] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ Bamboo Phylogeny Group: An Updated Tribal and Subtribal Classification of the Bamboos (Poaceae: Bambusoideae) , The Journal of the American Bamboo Society, 2012, p. 4.

[Sungkaew95-2] Sungkaew et al .: Non-monophyly of the woody bamboos (Bambuseae; Poaceae): a multi-gene region phylogenetic analysis of Bambusoideae s. s. , 2009, p. 95.

[BPG2-3] A ^b Bamboo Phylogeny Group: An Updated Tribal and Subtribal Classification of the Bamboos (Poaceae: Bambusoideae) , The Journal of the American Bamboo Society, 2012, p. 2.

[Sungkaew103-4] Sungkaew et al .: Non-monophyly of the woody bamboos (Bambuseae; Poaceae): a multi-gene region phylogenetic analysis of Bambusoideae s. s. , 2009, p. 103.

[WCSP-5] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab Rafaël Govaerts (ed.): Poaceae. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved August 23, 2018.

[PL_Gaol-6] Gaoligongshania. In: The Plant List. Retrieved February 14, 2015 .

[PL_xPhyl-7] × Phyllosasa. In: The Plant List. Retrieved February 14, 2015 .