Phyllostachys

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Phyllostachys
Moso bamboo forest (Phyllostachys edulis)

Moso bamboo forest ( Phyllostachys edulis )

Systematics
Commelinids
Order : Sweet grass (Poales)
Family : Sweet grasses (Poaceae)
Subfamily : Bamboo (Bambusoideae)
Tribe : Bambuseae
Genre : Phyllostachys
Scientific name
Phyllostachys
Siebold & Zucc.

Phyllostachys is a genus of plants in the subfamily bamboo (Bambuseae) withinthe sweetgrass family (Poaceae). The genus contains species that are the main suppliers of bamboo shoots and also important ornamental plants .

description

Appearance and leaves

All Phyllostachys species grow with an underground rhizome , which is relatively narrow compared to the trunks , from which tree-shaped or shrub-shaped, aerial stalks sprout (leptomorphic rhizome). As a result, these do not grow clump-shaped, but spread out in a turf-shaped manner. The plants can have a total weight of several tons. The above-ground parts reach heights of growth of about 10 meters in most species.

The stalks are round between the nodes and have a shallow groove over the side branches or are clearly flattened (sulcus). The stalk nodes have two more or less pronounced transverse ridges. At each node, two more or less equally strong side branches arise, more rarely also three, whereby in this case the third, middle side branch is significantly weaker. The leaf sheaths surrounding the stalk eventually fall off. A ligula is present in many species, and it is long-bristled.

Inflorescences, flowers and spikes

The total inflorescences consist of one to seven spike-shaped partial inflorescences, which are in turn grouped into clusters or clusters. These sit over a tiny, membranous, double-keeled cover sheet , a possibly missing brood-body- bearing bract , then two to six scaled bracts enlarged upwards, and finally two to seven vascular bracts. These leafy inflorescences gave the genus its scientific name, Phyllostachys derived from the Greek and means something like "leafy ear".

The spikelets consist of two to seven individual flowers, the top one being sterile . They have none to one glume , sometimes up to three.

Photomicrograph of a leaf of Phyllostachys reticulata . The full scale on the left edge of the picture corresponds to 1 mm

Occurrence

All Phyllostachys species come from temperate to tropical East and South Asia, probably from China. From there they were introduced into Japan, Korea and Indochina, where they are now also at home. However, many are also cultivated in other parts of the world and can go wild.

They grow as undergrowth in forests or can themselves be the dominant species in forests.

Sprouts of Phyllostachys edulis (Takenoko) in a Japanese supermarket

use

In most species, the young shoots are edible shortly before or shortly after they emerge from the ground in spring. As a rule, the bamboo shoots offered for sale come from Phyllostachys edulis , which is therefore the most economically important species of the genus.

The wood of the mostly 7 to 10 cm wide stalks of many types is used for the construction of furniture and houses. In some species, the split wood can also be used to weave baskets and other objects.

Many species of the genus are cultivated as ornamental plants. Phyllostachys aurea , Phyllostachys bissetii , Phyllostachys reticulata and Phyllostachys nigra are particularly important . Because of their widely branched subterranean rhizomes, however, they can spread widely and therefore need a rhizome barrier . On the other hand, some species are planted to strengthen the ground precisely for this reason. The propagation takes place through rhizome pieces or through division.

Systematics

The genus Phyllostachys Siebold & Zucc. was set up in 1843 by Philipp Franz von Siebold and Joseph Gerhard Zuccarini in treatises of the Mathematical-Physical Class of the Royal Bavarian Academy of Sciences , 3 (3), p. 745, panel 5, figure 3. A homonym is Phyllostachys Torr. , Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York , 3, 1836, p. 404. A synonym for Phyllostachys Siebold & Zucc. is Sinoarundinaria Ohwi .

The genus Phyllostachys is divided into two sections:

  • Section Heterocladae Z.P.Wang & GHYe : With about eleven species.
  • Section Phyllostachys : With about 40 species.
Black tube bamboo ( Phyllostachys nigra ), the longitudinal groove in the stalk above the double side branch can be clearly seen in the lower center of the picture.
Phyllostachys vivax

Depending on the opinion, 51 or more species are counted in the genus Phyllostachys , most of which occur almost only in China (around 51 species). Outside of China only Phyllostachys aurea , Phyllostachys edulis , Phyllostachys makinoi and Phyllostachys mannii occur:

Cultivar Phyllostachys reticulata 'Holochrysa'
Culture form: Phyllostachys aureosulcata 'Spectabilis'

Cultural forms

There are many forms of culture, these are mostly elite forms that are propagated vegetatively. They can be sold under different names.

Cultures (selection):

  • Phyllostachys aureosulcata var. Spectabilis (not a valid variety, but the trade name): Tall, upright bamboo with golden yellow, sometimes red stalks with light green notches, hardy.
  • Phyllostachys bambusoides var. Castillonis inversa (not a valid form, but the trade name and belongs to Phyllostachys reticulata ): Tall bamboo with green stalks and yellowish sulcus.
  • Phyllostachys bambusoides var. Castillonis (not a valid variety, but the trade name and belongs to Phyllostachys reticulata ): Tall bamboo with bright golden yellow stalks and glossy green sulcus.
  • Phyllostachys humilis (not a valid species or variety, but the trade name): Sometimes also understood as a variety of Phyllostachys nigra . Forms green stalks 4 to 5 m high and 2 cm thick. The elongated green leaves form dense foliage. It is frost hardy down to approx. −26 ° C and is therefore one of the most frost hardy varieties.
  • Phyllostachys vivax var. Aureocaulis (not a valid variety, but the trade name): (magic bamboo) with golden stalks and less powerful than the wild form.
  • Phyllostachys vivax var. Huangwenzhu-inversa (not a valid variety, but the trade name)

Sources and further information

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Phyllostachys at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
  2. ↑ a b Zheng-ping Wang & Chris Stapleton: Phyllostachys , p. 163 - Online , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (eds.): Flora of China , Volume 22: Poaceae. , Science Press et al., Beijing et al. 2006, ISBN 1-930723-50-4 .
  3. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Phyllostachys. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved May 23, 2020.

Web links

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