Bambusa

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Bambusa
Bambusa oldhamii

Bambusa oldhamii

Systematics
Order : Sweet grass (Poales)
Family : Sweet grasses (Poaceae)
Subfamily : Bamboo (Bambusoideae)
Tribe : Bambuseae
Sub tribus : Bambusinae
Genre : Bambusa
Scientific name
Bambusa
Schreb.

Bambusa is a genus of plants in the subfamily bamboo (Bambusoideae) withinthe sweet grass family (Poaceae or Gramineae). Most of the approximately 150 species are distributed from tropical to subtropical Asia, with more species being found in Australia and the Pacific region. Species in Africa or America are neophytes there .

description

Bambusa species are perennial, tree-like growing, rarely shrubby or climbing grasses that reach heights of 1 to 20 meters. The rhizomes are pachymorphic and form short rhizome necks. The stalks are woody and usually grow upright to hanging. The internodes are terete, the nodes not protruding. A few to many branches are formed per node, often one to three larger than the others. The branches of the lower-lying branches can form strong or weak thorns . The straw sheaths fall off early or are more rarely permanent. The straw leaf tubes are usually clearly formed and ciliate on the edge. The blade of the straw is mostly upright and is only indistinctly developed. The leaf blades have different sizes, transverse leaf veins are only indistinctly developed.

The inflorescences are not closed, the spikelets form a bud at the base, from which a spikelet can develop again. The spikelets are therefore also referred to as pseudo spikelet. At the base of the inflorescences there is a broad, double-keeled cover sheet . The spikelets rarely grow individually, usually in several or many on the flower-bearing branches. A cover sheet is formed per spikelet. Each spikelets has at the base of one to three glumes and / or a bud with a spelzen- to three spatulate or bracts . The internodes of the spikelet axis can usually be clearly distinguished. Two to many (up to 13) florets are formed per spikelet . The uppermost floret is sessile, sterile or only incompletely developed. The lemma is broad and multi-veined. The palea is keeled twice and the upper end is pointed or split short. Usually three, rarely two cavernous bodies are formed or cavernous bodies are missing. The six stamens have free-standing stamens. The ovary is usually stalked, the tip thickened and hairy. The stylus is usually short and strong. From one, however, usually three, long, hairy scars are formed. The caryopsis are terete and have a hairy tip. The pericarp is somewhat thickened.

distribution

The natural range of most species is in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate Asia. 80 species occur naturally in China, 67 of them only there. Four species are found in Africa, five in Australasia , nine in the Pacific, five in South America and one in North America.

Bambusa balcooa
Bambusa bambos , flowers
Bambusa chungii
Bambusa lako
Bambusa multiplex
Bambusa rongchengensis
Bambusa ventricosa
Bambusa vulgaris

Systematics

The genus Bambusa belongs to the tribe Bambuseae in the subfamily Bambus (Bambusoideae) within the sweet grass family (Poaceae or Gramineae). It was set up in 1789 by Johann Christian Daniel von Schreber in Genera Plantarum , 1, p. 236. Bambusa Schreb. nom. cons. was conserved compared to the name Bambos Retz, which was published in 1788 . nom. rej. Type species is Bambusa arundinacea (Retz.) Willd. Other synonyms for Bambusa Schreb. are: Arundarbor Rumph. ex Kuntze nom. superflat., Dendrocalamopsis Q.H.Dai & XLTao , Dendrocalamopsis (LCChia & HLFung) Keng f. nom. illeg., Fimbribambusa Widjaja , Ischurochloa Buse , Leleba Rumph. ex Nakai , Lingnania McClure , Neosinocalamus Keng f. , Pseudobambusa T.Q. Nguyen , Tetragonocalamus Nakai .

There are four sub-genera:

  • Bambusa ( Bambusa subgen. Bambusa )
  • Dendrocalamopsis ( Bambusa subgen. Dendrocalamopsis L.C.Chia & HLFung )
  • Leleba ( Bambusa subgen. Leleba (Rumph. Ex Nakai) Keng ex LCChia & XLFeng )
  • Lingnania ( Bambusa subgen. Lingnania (McClure) LCChia & HLFung )

Over 100 (about 153) species are assigned to the genus:

The following are no longer included in this category:

use

Most species of the genera are cultivated and are otherwise not known or only known in very limited populations. Several species ( Bambusa lapidea , Bambusa pervariabilis , Bambusa rigida , Bambusa sinospinosa and Bambusa tuldoides ) are used for carpentry work, the stalks of other species ( Bambusa albolineata , Bambusa lenta and Bambusa textilis ) are split and the fibers are woven, the sprouts of Bambusa gibboides and Bambusa variostriata are eaten, and Bambusa multiplex , Bambusa ventricosa, and Bambusa vulgaris are known ornamental plants .

literature

  • Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (Eds.): Flora of China . Volume 22: Poaceae . Science Press / Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis 2006, ISBN 1-930723-50-4 , pp. 9 (English).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de df dg dh di dj dk dl dm dn do dp dq dr ds dt du dv dw dx dy dz ea eb ec ed ee ef eg eh ei ej ek el em en eo ep eq er es et eu ev ew ex ey ez fa Rafaël Govaerts (ed.): Bambusa. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved August 24, 2018.
  2. ↑ a b c d e Nianhe Xia, Liang-zhi Jia, De-Zhu Li, Chris Stapleton: Bambusa In: Flora of China , Volume 22, p. 9.
  3. ↑ a b c d W.D. Clayton, M. Vorontsova, KT Harman, H. Williamson: Bambusa. In: GrassBase - The Online World Grass Flora. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, accessed January 6, 2014 .
  4. ^ A b Bambusa in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved December 8, 2014.
  5. ↑ Bambusa at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed December 8, 2014.

Web links

Commons : Bambusa  - collection of images, videos and audio files