Forest umbilicus

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Forest umbilicus
Forest umbilicus (Memoremea scorpioides)

Forest umbilicus ( Memoremea scorpioides )

Systematics
Euasterids I
Family : Boraginaceae (Boraginaceae)
Subfamily : Boraginoideae
Tribe : Cynoglosseae
Genre : Memoremea ( memoremea )
Type : Forest umbilicus
Scientific name
Memoremea scorpioides
( Haenke ) Otero et al.

The forest Nabelnüsschen ( Memoremea scorpioides ), also called Hoary Nabelnüsschen or forest Gedenkemein called, is the only species in its genus within the family of Borage Family (Boraginaceae).

description

Illustration from storm
Habitus
ripe fruit

The forest umbilicus grows as an annual herbaceous plant and reaches heights of 10 to 30 centimeters. The stem is prostrate or ascending, usually very knotty and widely branched, sharp-edged and hairy. The lower leaves are opposite and with a length of 2 to 5 cm and a width of 0.5 to 1.5 cm rounded to spatulate or pointed. The upper leaves are alternate and lanceolate.

The flowering time is mainly in April and May. The flowers are solitary in the leaf axils. The approximately 0.5 to 1 cm long flower stalks are shorter than the bracts. The hermaphroditic flowers are radial symmetry and five-fold with a double flower envelope . The five sepals are bell-shaped to about half their length and the sepals are elliptical. The sky-blue corolla has a diameter of 4 to 6 millimeters and yellow pharynx scales.

The fruit stalks are curved downwards. The nuts are about 2.5 to 3 millimeters wide, have short hairs, are brown in color and have a wide, membranous, imperforate edge.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 24.

Occurrence

The forest umbilicus is a temperate continental floral element . The distribution area of Omphalodes scorpioides extends from central and southern Russia to the Danube countries and west to Poland and eastern Germany . The forest umbilicus reaches the western limit of its distribution area in Central Europe. In Austria the forest umbilicus is rare and endangered, in Switzerland it is completely absent. In Central Europe it occurs sporadically in the Harz and in the Franconian Jura . It is rare in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania , Brandenburg and Thuringia , as well as in Upper and Lower Austria , Burgenland and Styria . The forest umbilical nut is very rare in Germany and can be found sporadically, especially in Bavaria , Saxony and Saxony-Anhalt . In Omphalodes scorpioides is a Sarmatian forest plant that has probably found in prehistoric times their way to Central Europe.

The forest umbilicus populates in shaded locations in mixed deciduous forests, ravine, mountain and alluvial forests as well as bushes. The forest umbilicus thrives best on moist, seeped, calcareous , humus-rich , muddy and fairly nitrogen-rich loam or clay soils . In Central Europe it occurs particularly in companies of the Carpinion association.

Similar species

Memoremea scorpioides differs from the very similar-looking scattered-flowered forget-me-not ( Myosotis sparsiflora ), among other things, in the darker green of its vegetative plant parts and the larger flowers and fruits.

Systematics and taxonomy

For a long time, the forest umbilicus was counted among the real umbilicals ( omphalodes ) due to the shape of its navel-shaped fruit . Molecular analyzes have confirmed, however, that the forest umbilicus is not directly related to these, but is a separate family line and is sister to Asperugo to Mertensia . Due to the axillary flowers, the forest umbilical nut can be clearly distinguished from all other species with umbilical nuts ("umbilical nuts").

The basionym of Memoremea scorpioides (Haenke) A.Otero, Jim.Mejías, Valcárcel & P.Vargas is Cynoglossum scorpioides Haenke .

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literature

  • Henning Haeupler, Thomas Muer: picture atlas of the fern and flowering plants of Germany . Ed .: Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (=  The fern and flowering plants of Germany . Volume 2 ). Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3364-4 .
  • Wolfgang Adler, Karl Oswald, Raimund Fischer: Excursion flora of Austria . Ed .: Manfred A. Fischer. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart / Vienna 1994, ISBN 3-8001-3461-6 .
  • Christian Heitz: School and excursion flora for Switzerland. Taking into account the border areas. Identification book for wild growing vascular plants . Founded by August Binz. 18th completely revised and expanded edition. Schwabe & Co., Basel 1986, ISBN 3-7965-0832-4 .
  • Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora . With the collaboration of Theo Müller. 6th, revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1990, ISBN 3-8001-3454-3 .
  • Konrad von Weihe (ed.): Illustrated flora. Germany and neighboring areas. Vascular cryptogams and flowering plants . Founded by August Garcke. 23rd edition. Paul Parey, Berlin / Hamburg 1972, ISBN 3-489-68034-0 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Wald-Gedenkemein. In: FloraWeb.de.
  2. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp.  778 .
  3. ↑ a b c d e f Dietmar Aichele, Heinz-Werner Schwegler: The flowering plants of Central Europe . 2nd Edition. tape 4 : Nightshade plants to daisy plants . Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-440-08048-X .
  4. ↑ A. Otero, P. Jiménez-Mejías, V. Valcárcel, P. Vargas: Molecular phylogenetics and morphology support two new genera ( Memoremea and Nihon ) of Boraginaceae s. s. . In: Phytotaxa . 173, No. 4, 2014, pp. 241-277. doi : 10.11646 / phytotaxa.288.2.3 .

Web links

Commons : Forest umbilicus ( Omphalodes scorpioides )  - album containing pictures, videos and audio files