Opština Šuto Orizari
| Opština Šuto Orizari Општина Шуто Оризари Komuna e Shuto Orizarit |
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| Basic data | |||
| Region : | Skopje | ||
| City: | Skopje | ||
| Coordinates : | 42 ° 3 ' N , 21 ° 25' E | ||
| Height : | 297 m. i. J. | ||
| Area (Opština) : | 7.48 km² | ||
| Inhabitants (Opština) : | 22,017 (2002) | ||
| Population density : | 2,943 inhabitants per km² | ||
| Telephone code : | (+389) 02 | ||
| Postal code : | 1000 | ||
| License plate : | SK | ||
| Structure and administration | |||
| Structure : | no | ||
| Mayor : | Elvis Bajram | ||
The Opština Šuto Orizari ( Macedonian Шуто Оризари ; Romani Shuto Orizari ; usually abbreviated or disparagingly called Šutka / Шутка / Shutka ) is one of the ten Opštini (municipalities) of the north Macedonian capital Skopje and is located about five kilometers north of the city center. The majority of the population are Muslim Roma , plus some Christian Roma and some Albanians. Šuto Orizari is considered to be one of the largest Roma settlements in the world.
population
The neighborhood was established after the 1963 earthquake to enable the Roma, whose residential areas in Skopje had been destroyed, to build simple houses. In the 1970s and 1980s, Roma came from other parts of the country and from Serbia . In 1994, according to the census, there were around 17,000 inhabitants in Šuto Orizari. Today's sources give 30,000 to 45,000 inhabitants, other sources speak of even higher numbers. The 2002 census recorded 22,017 inhabitants for Opština Šuto Orizari, far fewer than many sources claimed. The majority are the Roma , who also provide the mayor.
Social situation and culture
Big problems in Šuto Orizari are the high unemployment , illegal work , crime and substance abuse . The 1994 census found that only 1,549 people had regular jobs. In the same year 3,956 adults reported being illiterate .
In 1999, UNICEF and the World Bank carried out a study that showed that around half of Roma families had 100–150 Deutsche Mark per month (around 50 to 75 euros ). 11 percent had no regular income at all. Over half of the people from Šuto Orizari were receiving social assistance at that time . A certain part of the population who actually have a right to social welfare does not get any today either, because many important documents are missing or the elementary school certificate, which is a condition for social welfare and health insurance, was not obtained.
Since the 1990s there have been various aid programs for Šuto Orizari, which are funded by UNICEF and Caritas , among others . Aid and support comes from the government, churches, mosques and private initiatives in Europe and the USA. There are offices on site that deal with conflicts and social and psychological problems. Thanks to the aid programs, a few residents of Šuto Orizari find employment, for example as drivers or interpreters .
The situation has improved somewhat in recent years, for example more children are going to school in Šuto Orizari. There are two elementary schools for the first eight years of school; Since not all students can be taught at the same time, some classes start in the morning, for some at noon and for the last part in the afternoon. It was recently decided to build a vocational secondary school. The funds for this come partly from the Austrian Development Agency (ADA).
The students have classes in Macedonian . The Roma language - Romani - is only available as an optional subject. This is exactly where a big problem lies, as Macedonian is a foreign language for most children. From the sixth grade learn for some time all students German . Many of the people in Šuto Orizari speak German because, for example, they were in Germany as asylum seekers or guest workers. Some also speak French .
Some buildings have been renovated and decorated in recent years, and many have small, neat front gardens. The money for renovating many houses comes from the west. Other residents of Šuto Orizari sometimes only live in corrugated iron huts; some of them still live in the containers that were provided by the Americans as auxiliary shelters in 1963 after the severe earthquake.
Along the main street - Ulica Šuto Orizari - there is a larger market during the day. In 1997 a regular bus connection to Skopje was established. The municipality has had a motorway connection since 2009, which is part of the Skopje bypass . In some cases, however, the Macedonian side still spends relatively little money on the Roma; For example, one of the two main connections to Skopje is still a cobblestone road. The lack of schools is also a problem.
Elaborate wedding celebrations, in which women play an essential role in the organization and implementation, are a central part of the culture. For women, this includes henna ceremonies and dances, either as a row dance in an asymmetrical rhythm (7/8 = 3 + 2 + 2 or 9/8 = 2 + 2 + 2 + 3) or as a solo dance chochek ( chuchek ) in in 7/8 or 9/8 time. The rhythm is struck with the frame drum dajre . Exclusively male musicians play the cone oboe ( zurla ) and cylinder drum ( tapan ), which is widespread in the Orient . Roma in Macedonia cultivate the khalgija musical style, which emerged at the beginning of the 20th century and in which an Ottoman tradition lives on. Long- necked lute ( dzhumbush ), trumpet ( truba ), clarinet, accordion and beaker drum ( tarabuka ) have been added to the original musical instruments violin, lute ( oud ), zither ( kanun ), frame drum with bells ( dajre ) and singing . Live music bands in Šuto Orizari now perform the chalgija music with electric guitars and synthesizers. The most famous musician was the singer Esma Redžepova (1943-2016).
Others
In 2005 Aleksandar Manic made the film "Shutka - City of the Roma", a semi-documentary film.
On February 18, 2016, the documentary film "Valentinavon Maximilian Feldmann" premiered at the Berlinale. It deals with the life of a Roma family from Shutka.
literature
- Carol Silverman: Music and Power: Gender and Performance among Roma (Gypsies) of Skopje, Macedonia. In: The World of Music. Vol. 38 (1), 1996, pp. 63-76
Web links
- Gertraud and Peter Pantucek: Macedonia: poor and unnoticed? www.pantucek.com (accessed March 16, 2012)
- Till Mayer: Encouragement from the Roma slum. Spiegel Online, December 22, 2013
Individual evidence
- ↑ Census 2002. (PDF; 394 kB) Republic of Macedonia, State Statistics Office, May 2005, p. 20 , accessed on March 16, 2012 (English).
- ↑ Carol Silverman, 1996, pp. 68-72
- ↑ Valentina , at www.valentina-film.com, accessed on September 27, 2018