OpenStack
| OpenStack
|
|
|---|---|
|
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| Basic data
|
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| Current version |
Train ( October 16, 2019 ) |
| operating system | GNU / Linux |
| programming language | python |
| category | Cloud computing |
| License | Apache license |
| www.openstack.org | |
OpenStack is a software project that provides a free architecture for cloud computing . It was initiated by Rackspace and NASA and is supported by various other companies, including AT&T , Canonical , Hewlett-Packard Enterprise , Intel , Red Hat , Huawei and IBM . OpenStack is being developed as free software in the Python programming language . OpenStack is licensed under the Apache license .
Components
OpenStack is made up of a large number of components which, among other things, take care of virtualization and the provision of storage. Because of its size, it is considered extremely complex.
Compute (Nova)
In Compute , under the name Nova known, it is the part of the stack, the Group is able to manage virtual machines.
The virtualized systems can be distributed over any number of so-called compute nodes. Among other things, KVM and Xen are supported as hypervisors , which are controlled via the libvirt . Other hypervisors can be used, some with limited functionality.
To provide storage for the virtual machines , z. B. iSCSI , SheepDog or the Swift developed in the same project can be used. The Glance service , which is used to find, register and receive images , simplifies the connection to the object storage.
The administration takes place via a REST API , which can be controlled with the CLI of Eucalyptus . Graphical interfaces are under development, an extension for MediaWiki and the OpenStack Dashboard is currently available. Additional components are required for the operation of Nova. These are a database, e.g. B. Redis or MySQL , RabbitMQ and memcached .
Identity (Keystone)
The OpenStack Identity module with the name Keystone is used as an authentication and rights system between the OpenStack components. Keystone divides the access to projects in the cloud into so-called "tenants". A tenant is a tenant of the cloud and has at least one assigned user. It is possible to create several users per client with different rights. Keystone uses a token system for authorization and also supports the connection to other authentication options such as B. LDAP. It is also possible to abstract the authentication to the web server via an upstream web server and thus e.g. B. to use one of the numerous existing authentication modules of the Apache web server for authorization.
Image Service (Glance)
The OpenStack Image Service , also known as Glance , is a service that makes images of virtual machines available to OpenStack users. Nova uses these images as a template to compile virtual machine instances. Both local hard disks and object storage solutions such as Swift or Ceph can be used as the storage backend .
In addition to the images, Glance can also save metadata such as the operating system used or the kernel version. Both this metadata and the images themselves are accessed via a REST API. Glance supports a number of formats such as VHD , VMDK and qcow2.
Networking (Neutron)
The OpenStack Networking module Neutron provides the network service for OpenStack. Networks, subnets and IP addresses / floating IPs can be managed with Neutron. A floating IP in OpenStack describes an official IP that serves as an interface from the internal to the public network. In addition to a LoadBalancer, the HA proxy and a HealthMonitor, Neutron also supports technologies such as VLAN and VPN. Neutron uses a firewall to secure the networks. B. Allowed on a security group basis. For trademark reasons, the OpenStack networking module had to be renamed “Neutron”. The previous name was "Quantum".
For managing the data link layer Neutron offers the possibility of various means of plugins existing network software like Open vSwitch or bridge functionality of Linux to use -Kernels.
Block Storage (Cinder)
OpenStack Block Storage or Cinder provides virtual block storage in the form of virtualized storage media (hard drives, CDs, etc.). The block storage can be attached to virtual machines. Cinder can be connected to Swift via an API interface so that block storage media can communicate with the object storage. Many other storage backends are now fully or partially supported. There is also the option of defining multiple backends and creating a volume type for each backend so that when creating a new volume, it is possible to select the storage backend on which the volume will be created.
Object Storage (Swift)
Swift is the so-called object storage that can be used by Nova. This is responsible for the redundant data storage. Swift can also be used as a backend for Cinder or Glance. Objects are stored in so-called containers , which are primarily used to group objects and store metadata and in turn belong to individual accounts . Objects and containers are accessed via a REST API.
For the file management z. B. Cyberduck can be used.
Dashboard (Horizon)
The OpenStack Dashboard with the name Horizon is a web interface for managing the OpenStack Cloud and provides the most important functions of the OpenStack components in a uniform GUI. The Horizon web interface is template-based and can be optically adapted by the cloud provider and expanded with its own functions.
Development history
| Release name | version | Release Date | Release notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Austin | 2010.1 | October 21, 2010 | Austin release notes |
| Bexar | 2011.1 | February 3, 2011 | Release notes for Bexar |
| Cactus | 2011.2 | April 15, 2011 | Release notes for Cactus |
| Diablo | 2011.3 | September 22, 2011 | Release notes for Diablo |
| Essex | 2012.1 | April 5, 2012 | Essex release notes |
| Folsom | 2012.2 | September 27, 2012 | Folsom release notes |
| Grizzly | 2013.1 | April 4, 2013 | Release notes for Grizzly |
| Havana | 2013.2 | 17th October 2013 | Havana release notes |
| Icehouse | 2014.1 | 17th April 2014 | Release notes for Icehouse |
| Juno | 2014.2 | October 16, 2014 | Juno release notes |
| kilo | 2015.1 | April 30, 2015 | Release notes for kilos |
| Liberty | 2015.2 | 15th October 2015 | Liberty release notes |
| Mitaka | 2016.1 | April 7, 2016 | Mitaka release notes |
| Newton | 2016.2 | October 6, 2016 | Newton release notes |
| Ocata | 2017.1 | 22nd February 2017 | Release notes for Ocata |
| pike | 2017.2 | August 30, 2017 | Release notes for Pike |
| Queens | 2018.1 | February 28, 2018 | Release notes on Queens |
| Rocky | 2018.2 | August 30, 2018 | Release notes for Rocky |
| stone | 2019.1 | April 10, 2019 | Release notes on stone |
| Train | 2019.2 | October 16, 2019 | Release notes for Train |
use
At the beginning of March 2012, it was announced that Deutsche Telekom is planning to launch a new marketplace called Business Marketplace from the middle of the year, the functionality of which will be based on OpenStack. The marketplace was transferred to cloud.telekom.de with the start of further OpenStack offers, the InterCloud (with Cisco) and the Open Telekom Cloud (with Huawei).
Likewise, the platform Wikimedia Labs of the Wikimedia Foundation uses OpenStack as a platform.
The CERN , the European Organization for Nuclear Research, is also based on OpenStack as a platform.
The bwCloud of the Baden-Württemberg universities and colleges is also based on OpenStack.
Foundation
The OpenStack Foundation coordinates the development and distribution of OpenStack. It has more than 60,000 members from 180 countries. Membership is free and unrestricted, although the Foundation encourages its members to participate in OpenStack, either technically or through community building. There is a special opportunity for companies to participate as a platinum , gold or corporate sponsor .
For technical decisions there is the Technical Committee , which consists of thirteen members who are elected by those actively involved in OpenStack technology. Strategic and financial decisions are made by the Board of Directors , which includes eight representatives each from platinum and gold sponsors, as well as eight other members elected from the Foundation. There is also the User Committee , which is supposed to represent users' concerns to the Technical Committee and the Board of Directors .
literature
- Tilman Beitter, Thomas Kärgel, André Nahring, Andreas Steil, Sebastian Zielenski: IaaS with OpenStack: Cloud Computing in Practice . dpunkt-Verlag, Heidelberg 2014, ISBN 978-3-86490-038-9 .
Web links
- Project page
- Foundation
- documentation
- OpenStack: The Shooting Star Among the Clouds (ADMIN-Magazin)
- SUSE ends OpenStack commitment
- SUSE drops OpenStack Cloud
Individual evidence
- ↑ releases.openstack.org .
- ^ Companies Supporting The OpenStack Foundation. Retrieved February 1, 2017 .
- ↑ Martin Gerhard Loschwitz: Openstack: Many need it, nobody understands it - we explain it. In: Golem.de . December 3, 2015, accessed December 17, 2015 .
- ↑ Feature Classification. Retrieved February 1, 2017 .
- ↑ wikimedia / mediawiki-extensions-OpenStackManager. In: github.com. GitHub, accessed May 22, 2017 .
- ↑ wiki.openstack.org
- ^ Glance Documentation. Retrieved December 30, 2016 .
- ^ Neutron documentation. Retrieved November 3, 2017 .
- ^ Cinder Support Matrix. Retrieved February 25, 2017 .
- ↑ Cinder Multi-Backend. Retrieved February 25, 2017 .
- ↑ a b Object Storage API Overview. Retrieved December 24, 2016 .
- ↑ cyberduck.ch
- ↑ OpenStack Releases. Retrieved October 4, 2019 .
- ↑ Interview with the OpenStack experts from the Business Marketplace ( Memento from October 8, 2014 in the Internet Archive ), Business Marketplace Blog, accessed on October 6, 2014.
- ↑ Business Marketplace: Telekom opens new cloud marketplace , Netzwelt, accessed on March 5, 2012.
- ↑ With 15,000 hypervisors, scalability is important . In: Netzwoche.ch . Netzmedien AG. September 24, 2013. Archived from the original on August 26, 2014. Retrieved September 25, 2019.
- ↑ Project bwCloud . Computer center of the University of Mannheim (RUM). Retrieved January 14, 2018.
- ↑ a b OpenStack Foundation. Retrieved February 25, 2017 .