Umbilical ragroot
| Umbilical ragroot | ||||||||||||
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Rhodian navel orchid |
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Ophrys umbilicata | ||||||||||||
| Desf. |
The umbilical Ragwurz ( Ophrys umbilicata ), also Carmel orchid or Attic Ragwurz called, is a kind of the genus Ragwurzen ( Ophrys ) in the family of orchid (Orchidaceae). It was described in 1807 by the French botanist René Louiche Desfontaines .
features
This perennial herbaceous plant forms 2 spherical-egg-shaped tubers as persistence organs and reaches heights of between 10 and 60 cm. There are no or two scale leaves at the base of the stem . Three to eight leaves are grouped together in a base rosette, and one or two leaves are found higher up on the stem.
The loose inflorescence consists of two to twelve widely protruding flowers . The sepals appear green to greenish or reddish-white and the hairy petals are yellow-green to reddish-white in color. The deep three-lobed lip appears reddish to dark brown. The mark is very extensive and appears brownish-purple with a light border.
The flowering period extends from February to May.
Location and distribution
You can find this orchid on grasslands, garrigues , sparse pine , cypress and oak forests with predominantly calcareous soils, rarely also on sandstone , up to a height of 800 m . The distribution area extends over the Middle East , the southern Balkan Peninsula , northwards to southern Albania and the Bosporus . There are also finds in Iraq and Iran .
Subspecies
This group is very diverse. Depending on your opinion, they are divided into seven species or subspecies , some of which are listed below:
- Ophrys umbilicata subsp. umbilicata
In this nominate form , the stem is between 10 and 25 cm, rarely 45 cm long, and the sepals are greenish to reddish-white in color. It occurs in the Aegean Sea, Turkey, Cyprus, Syria, Israel and Lebanon. Eucera galilaea , Eucera spatulata and Eucera gaullei were observed as pollinators .
- Ophrys umbilicata subsp. attica (Boiss. & Orph.) JJ Wood 1983
The stem grows like that of Ophrys umbilicata subsp. umbilicata 10 to 25 centimeters high, but in rare cases also 35 cm high. The inflorescence is up to 6 cm wide and the sepals always appear green.
- Iranian Orchid ( Ophrys umbilicata subsp. Khuzestanica Renz & Taubenheim 1983)
In this subspecies, the stem grows up to 60 cm in height in rare cases. However, 25 to 45 cm are normal. The inflorescence becomes up to 4 cm wide and the sepals are green. Some authors do not consider this subspecies as a separate subspecies, but as a synonym of Ophrys umbilicata subsp. attica (Boiss. & Orph.) JJWood classified. It occurs in Iraq, Iran and perhaps also in eastern Turkey. It thrives at altitudes between 400 and 2100 meters above sea level.
- Yellow- edged Ragwort ( Ophrys umbilicata subsp. Flavomarginata (Renz) Faurh. 2003);
The flowers are larger here than in any other subspecies. The sepals are colored green and the flowering period is earlier than described above. This subspecies occurs only in Cyprus at altitudes between 0 and 600 meters above sea level. Eucera dimidiata was observed as a pollinator . Some authors consider this subspecies to be an independent species: Ophrys flavomarginata (Renz) H. Baumann & Künkele 1981.
- Rhodos umbilicata ( Ophrys umbilicata subsp. Rhodia H. Baumann & Künkele 1986)
This species is endemic to the southeastern Aegean Sea . It occurs on Rhodes, Karpathos and perhaps also in Cyprus and southwestern Turkey at altitudes between 0 and 700 meters above sea level. R. Govaerts regards this name as a synonym and designates this subspecies as Ophrys scolopax subsp. rhodia (H. Baumann & Künkele) HA Pedersen & Faurh. 1997.
literature
- Helmut Baumann, Siegfried Künkele: The wild growing orchids of Europe . Franckh, 1982, ISBN 3-440-05068-8 .
- Horst & Gisela Kretzschmar, Wolfgang Eccarius: Orchids Crete and Dodecanese . Mediterraneo Editions, 2004, ISBN 960-8227-43-7 .
- CAJ Kreutz: field leader of the Turkish orchids . Landgraaf, 2003, ISBN 3-00-012239-7 .
- Karl-Peter Buttler : Orchids, the wild species and subspecies of Europe, the Middle East and North Africa . Mosaik Verlag 1986, ISBN 3-570-04403-3 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e Helmut Baumann , Siegfried Künkele and Richard Lorenz: Orchids of Europe with adjacent areas . Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart, 2006. ISBN 978-3-8001-4162-3 . Page 202–204.
- ↑ a b Rafaël Govaerts (ed.): Ophrys umbilicata. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved May 16, 2020.
