Oppershausen (Wienhausen)

Oppershausen Community Wienhausen Coordinates: 52 ° 35 ′ 16 ″  N , 10 ° 12 ′ 13 ″  E
Height :	42 m above sea level NN
Residents :	890  (May 9, 2011)
Incorporation :	1st January 1973
Postal code :	29342
Area code :	05149
Location of Oppershausen in Lower Saxony

Oppershausen ( Low German Oppershusen ) is a district of the municipality Wienhausen in the combined municipality Flotwedel in the district of Celle in Lower Saxony .

The municipality of Oppershausen was incorporated into the municipality of Wienhausen on January 1, 1972 together with the previously independent municipalities of Bockelskamp , Nordburg and Offensen , which in turn was combined with the municipalities of Bröckel , Eicklingen and Langlingen to form the municipality of Flotwedel.

geography

Geographically, the village of Oppershausen is located in the southern part of the district of Celle north of the Aller , approx. 10 km from the district town and 1 km from the Kirchdorf Wienhausen. Oppershausen is originally a street village that stretches from west to east. All old farmhouses (built before 1780) are on the south side of the road. After 1800 houses and farm buildings were increasingly built on the north side of Dorfstrasse. After the Second World War , land was made available to refugee families to build houses and small farms (e.g. along today's Allerdammstrasse). Since the 1960s, mainly in the north and east of the village, cultivated land has been converted into building land, which has led to lively construction activity and the size of the village today.

population

year	Residents	Houses	Remarks
1821	287	43	the "old courtyards" No. 1–31, houses on the estate and some craftsmen
1839	346
1848	370	69
1893	309
1925	395
1933	399
1939	370
1950	659		with refugees
1967	513
2011	890

It is noteworthy that the population of Oppershausen between 1848 and 1939, i.e. for 90 years, remained practically stable and even showed a dent at the turn of the century. It can be assumed that because of a lack of jobs in agriculture and other businesses in the vicinity, young men and women moved away to find work in the up-and-coming German industrial cities (Hanover, Ruhr area) or to seek their fortune as emigrants in America . In 1770, 30 children were taught in the school in Oppershausen.

history

The place name

The name Oppershausen goes back to the Germanic proper name Osbern , where Os means "God" and Bern means "bear". In the oldest register of the Wienhausen monastery, Oppershausen is mentioned in a document in 1369 under the name "Osberneshusen". Places with the name ending -hausen (zu -haus ) are typical for the establishment of settlements in the course of the Franconian conquest , which took place in Saxony up to the 9th century. In the treasury and interest register of the Grand Bailiwick of Celle from 1428 to 1438, the names "Odbernshusen" and "Obbershusen" can be found next to each other. Eventually it became today's spelling “Oppershausen”.

Oppershausen in the late Middle Ages

The village was the ancestral seat of the Lords of Oppershausen. In the year 1227 the names Hartmann and Johannes von Oppershausen in the entourage of the Dowager Duchess Agnes are first mentioned. From 1235 the Lords of Oppershausen are in the service of the newly founded Duchy of Braunschweig-Lüneburg and are part of the castle team in Celle. Because of the fishing in the Aller, the lords of Oppershausen compared in 1327 with the Wienhausen monastery about the limits of their permissions. In 1438 they are named as the owner of a saddle farm with 11 lordly dependent positions. This saddle farm is located in the east at the end of the old farm row near the Aller. In 1467 the knight Johann von Oppershausen officiated as guarantor for the marriage contract between Anna von Nassau and Duke Otto V.

Old and new chapel in Oppershausen

Maria Magdalenen Chapel in Oppershausen

On August 10, 1450, Johann and Werner von Oppershausen donated a chapel that was consecrated to Maria Magdalena. The following have been handed down as secondary patronage: Maria, Sancti Omnes, Matthias, Jacobus, Mauritius, Georgius, Antonius, Catharina, Barbara, Milites. The church was built on Oppershausen's “inheritance” in the middle of the village. It is very likely that it stood on today's property In der Twegte 2. At the time of the first pastor of Wienhausen, Heinrich Storbeck (1534–1557), “1 Chapel tho Obbershußen, den van Obbershußen thobehorig” is recorded in the beneficiary register of the Wienhausen monastery. Before the Reformation, churchgoers even came to this chapel via an old church path from Gockenholz near Lachendorf, 7 km away. It was probably destroyed in the Thirty Years War .

The current church building opposite Gut Oppershausen was built in 1657 by the daughter of the last Lord of Oppershausen, Hedwig Ilse von Seebach. Her father, Wilhelm von Oppershausen († 1651), was subsequently buried in a crypt in front of the altar. From the old chapel, parts of the current west gallery from 1636, a chandelier and the bell from 1603 in the roof turret were taken over. In 1987 the chapel was restored and is used again by the Evangelical Lutheran parish Wienhausen.

Agriculture and livelihood

Due to the sandy and boggy soils of the Oppershausen district, the village was considered a “poor place” in contrast to the neighboring village of Offensen, for example. An old saying about the poverty of the village reads: "In Oppershusen there is nothing to musen do lop the Müse in Schappe dot and find no crumbs of bread." The coupling of the areas in the first half of the 19th century and the associated abolition of many Feudal relationships, especially with the duchy, improved the economic situation of the farmers. The economic situation of the place improved further through the creation of artificial meadows around 1850 and the cultivation of wasteland after 1900.

In the middle of the 19th century, the Oppershäuser lock was built and the dam in the Osterbruch area. As a result, the water of the Aller, which turns yellow in spring due to the snowmelt in the Harz Mountains and carries fertile loess soil with it, could be channeled to the meadows of the Easter break for fertilization and thereby significantly increase the hay harvest.

The Oppershausen estate

Since 1330 it can be proven that the lords of Oppershausen were enfeoffed with an estate in Oppershausen. With the Landrat and Treasurer Wilhelm von Oppershausen, the family died out in 1651, and the estate came to the Lords von der Wense , who had already bought the noble estate in Klein Eicklingen in 1611 . After this family also died out in Opperhausen, the Opperhausen manor was acquired in 1903 by the castle captain Axel von Engelbrechten . Around 1976 his grandson, Nicolas von Engelbrechten, sold the estate to the farmers of the village and a few years later the manor house with the outbuildings to the von Bothmer family , who did a great job of renovating the Vorwerk Gut Oppershausen.

The courtyards until 1438

It can be assumed that the later mentioned saddle farms and full farms were founded by the year 1000 in the course of the first settlement stage of the village development in Oppershausen, just like the Hildesheim bishop Godehard during his time in office (1023-1038) in Wienhausen ("Huginhusen" ) owned an episcopal curtis , a large farm yard . In the following centuries, more than 20 Kötner posts emerged in the course of the second stage of settlement , which were mainly the saddle farms and the Wienhausen monastery.

Only a few farms were mentioned in documents before 1400. In 1233 the Wienhausen Monastery in Oppershausen owns 1 hoof, a meadow and 1 house with a large and small tithe, as well as four shillings in cash. In 1368 the monastery in Oppershausen owned three courtyards, one of which was subject to vogue. The Knif family, who were wealthy in Eicklingen, owned a saddle farm in Oppershausen in the 14th century and an associated kote as a fief. In 1379 Segeband Knif sold this property to the Wienhausen monastery in exchange for a prebende (church benefice ) for his daughter Berteke. The von Soltau family was enfeoffed in Oppershausen since 1330 with the bailiwick of a court.

The treasury register of the Grossvogtei Celle from 1438 is the first comprehensive list of the farms in Oppershausen that owe the Grossvogtei Celle of the Principality of Lüneburg taxes. At this point in time there are at least two full farms and 21 Kötner positions in Oppershausen. It can be assumed that there will also be two saddle farms owned by the Lords of Oppershausen and the Wienhausen Monastery, as well as possibly other farms dependent on the Wienhausen Monastery that did not have to pay taxes to the Bailiwick and are therefore not recorded in the treasury register.

The Oppershausen farms in the treasury register of the Grand Voyage of Celle from 1438

Vollhöfe ("Meyger")	Contributions to the bailiwick
1. Hermen Soltowen	3 guilders		1 guilder = 25 shillings
2. Gherke Piltzer *	4 shillings
Kötner	Contributions to the bailiwick		Kötner	Contributions to the bailiwick
1. Everd Dedeken	1 guilder		12. Diderik Hennighes *	3 guilders
2. Hans Bodeker	1 guilder		13. Henneke Kohouwer *	3 guilders
3. Gherke Engelken	1 guilder		14. Hylmer *	2 shillings
4. de Steycheynsche	2 shillings		15th de Lydermensche *	4 shillings
5. Hans Schrader	1 mark		16. Stripe *	2 shillings
6. Bernd Bodeker	1 guilder		17. de koterschen twe by Wentslouwen *	4 shillings
7. Dydericus Koster *	2 guilders		18. Didericus Spangenberch *	2 shillings
8. Bard warper *	1 guilder		19th de koter by Wasmode Kuyne *	4 shillings
9. Cord Salge	10 shillings		20. de blynde in front of the steghen	1 guilder
10. Meygbom	8 shillings		21. sin naberscher darby	1 guilder
11. Koneke Marsen *	2 guilders

* Landlord dependent on the Oppershausen Sattelhof

The courtyards until 1750

Between 1438 and 1750, four brink seats were added and the two saddle yards were split up. The saddle courtyard of the Lords of Oppershausen becomes the two half courtyards No. 6 and 7. The two full courtyards No. 1 and 4 may emerge from the saddle courtyard of the monastery. The latter was graduated to a half courtyard at the end of the 17th century. This results in 31 farms around 1750: three full courtyards, three half courtyards, 21 Kötner and four Brinkitzer .

The courtyards after 1750

After 1750 the two full farms No. 1 and No. 4 were divided up due to financial difficulties and downgraded to Kötner positions, and at the same time two Brinkstzer positions were upgraded to Kötners. Two Kötnerhöfe merged (No. 8 and No. 11). Around 1900 this resulted in 30 farms: one full farm, three half farms, 24 Kötner and two Brinkitzer. These ancient yards were numbered from 1 to 31. The farms of the later (cultivators, miners, housewives), as well as craftsmen and other houses occupied the numbers 32 to 65. It was not until the 1970s that street names were introduced throughout Oppershausen and the old farm numbers were no longer used as address designations.

History of the great courts

Vollhof No. 1 (Scheller, today Alpers) was originally, like all other courtyards, on the left side of the street. It burned down and was rebuilt on the right side of the street. He later got into financial difficulties and was isolated. The rest of the farm is later bought by Heinrich Karl Alpers (Kreuger-Alpers) from Seershausen. 

Vollhof No. 2 (Bock, today Knief) also got into financial difficulties and was divided up in 1779. The two Brinkitzers Johann Heinrich Meyer (No. 28, Capell-Meyer, later Deecke) and Andreas Meyer (No. 31, Mauerkunze, later Vandrey) became Kötnern through shares in the Vollhof. The full yard was downgraded to the Kötnerstelle.

Full yard no. 3 (Rehwinkel) was the largest yard in the village with 176 acres when the reservoirs were built in 1858.

Half yard no.6 (Marwedel) and half yard no.7 (Sander, bought from the estate around 1850) are located on the east side of the village (today Deichstrasse) relatively far away from the other full and half yards of the first settlement level. They are located on an elevated point near the Aller and both had a very large courtyard area with several buildings and small houses. They are from the division of the old saddle yard of Messrs. Oppershausen emerged. In the late Middle Ages, a saddle farm was a free farm that did not have to pay any dues to a feudal lord, but instead had to send horses and riders with armor in the event of war. Farm No. 6 already had 170 acres of land in 1858. No figures are available for farm number 7, but it will have been similar in size before it was bought by the estate around 1850 due to financial difficulties.

Half yard No. 4 (Gackenholz) , also called Hoppen-Hof, was originally a full yard, which had become desolate in 1639 during the Thirty Years' War under the owner Lüdecke Langen. When it was rebuilt by the Gackenholz family after the war, it is only a half yard. In the house book of Oppershausen from 1667 it says: "Michaell Gackenholz, a half courtyard, is deserted, no building, still house, has it again now". He built a two-column house, which was demolished in 1941 as the last thatched “smoke house” in Oppershausen. The last owner of the farm by the name of Gackenholz, Hans Heinrich (* 1774, † 1853), inherited the farm to his daughter Ilse Catharine Dorothea (* 1802), who married the carpenter Georg Heinrich Dietrich Meyer (* around 1800) from Altensalzkoth. In 1914 the farm was isolated and in the telephone directory of 1926 the last manager of the farm, Karl Meyer, is only referred to as a housewife. In the 1930s he was still smoking the old way over the open hearth for other families in the village.

Culture and sights

Designated architectural monuments in Oppershausen are: the Vorwerk Gut Oppershausen (one of the oldest two-tier houses in the Lüneburg Heath (from 1565)), the Maria Magdalenen Chapel (also Gutskapelle), the war memorial, a stable and a residential building in Dorfstrasse.

See also List of Monuments in Wienhausen # Oppershausen

Web links

• Vorwerk Gut Oppershausen
• Description of the estate park at the Lower Saxony Society for the Preservation of Historic Gardens

Individual evidence

1. ^ Matthias Blazek: In the shadow of the Wienhausen monastery . ibidem, Stuttgart, ISBN 3-8382-0157-4 , pp. 68 .
2. ↑ Klostergemeinde Wienhausen - Chronicle on the website of the Samtgemeinde Flotwedel
3. ↑ Tithe, money and fruit registers of the Wienhausen monastery from 1369 .
4. ^ Historical Commission for Lower Saxony (Ed.): Lower Saxony Yearbook for State History . tape 29 , 1957, pp. 133, 134, 135, 137 .
5. ↑ Hendrik Altmann: The old Oppershäuser lock. In: Local research in the district of Celle. Retrieved May 19, 2018 . 
6. ^ Matthias Blazek: In the shadow of the Wienhausen monastery . ibidem Verlag, Stuttgart 2010, ISBN 3-8382-0157-4 , p. 18 .
7. ^ Letter of foundation from Bishop Konrad II of Hildesheim regarding the Wienhausen Monastery of April 24, 1233
8. ↑ Maria Magdalenen Chapel