Order of Saint John of Jerusalem

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Commander's Cross of the Imperial Russian Order of St. John of Jerusalem

The Order of St. John of Jerusalem ( Russian Орден Святого Иоанна Иерусалимского) was in 1798 by the Russian Tsar I. Paul donated. The Sovereign Order of Malta had its seat in Saint Petersburg from 1799 to 1803 and Tsar Paul I was Grand Master of the Order of Malta from 1798 to 1801 . After his death in 1801, the order was no longer awarded.

history

Tsar Paul I in the regalia of the Grand Master of the Order of Malta

In the course of Napoleon I's wars of European conquest , the Order of Malta was expelled from Malta on June 12, 1798 . The Grand Master Ferdinand von Hompesch zu Bolheim (1744–1805) handed the island over to the French, following their principle of “raising the sword against no Christian” . The Knights of Malta emigrated to the Russian Empire , and Tsar Paul I (1754–1801) left larger land holdings to the order. At the express request of Pope Pius VI. (1717–1799) he was elected Grand Master ( de facto ) of the Order of Malta in 1798 . The Pope was of the opinion that Paul I had the power of order that could protect Western Europe from the revolution . With a highly imperial ukase dated November 29, 1798, the tsar founded the "Order of St. John of Jerusalem" for the Russian nobility in the Russian Empire.

  • Grand Master's coat of arms Paul I.

  • Imperial Russian national coat of arms from 1800

During the reign of Paul I, the Order of Saint John of Jerusalem developed as a very high quality civil and military award . According to the protocol rank, the order ranked before the " Order of St. Andrew the First Called ". In addition, Paul I had arranged for the Maltese Cross to be included in the national coat of arms of the Russian Empire. His successor Tsar Alexander I (1777-1825) revised the inclusion of the Maltese cross in the national coat of arms and prevented the further award of the order. With a decree of February 26, 1810, he ordered that the Order of Malta and its existence be left in its current situation until further notice in order to secure their financial activities. For the medal, the decree ceased to award and wear the medal on January 20, 1817, for all medals awarded from 1798 to 1801 this regulation was suspended. This decree was issued because there has been no priory of the order in Russia since the death of Paul I. After his death in 1801, the Order transferred the right to appoint the Grand Master to the Pope.

Order classes

As the only medal awarded in the Russian Empire, this was a knightly order , it was awarded in 3rd grade:

Medal bearer

literature

  • Book presentation in Moscow: Russia and the Order of Malta. 1697-1817 (June 19, 2019) [5]

Web links

Commons : Order of Saint John of Jerusalem  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Paul Gauger, The Knight Order of St. John of Jerusalem or the Maltese ... historically developed, Verlag C. Macklot, 1844, original from the Austrian National Library , digitized July 3, 2013 [1] , accessed on August 10, 2019
  2. ↑ Hans-Joachim Torke (Ed.), Alexander Fischer , The Russian Tsars, 1547-1917, Volume 1305 von Beck'sche Reihe, ISSN 0932-5352, Verlag CH Beck, 1999, ISBN 3406421059 , 9783406421051, pp. 269-270 [ 2] , accessed August 10, 2019
  3. ↑ Hans-Joachim Torke, Introduction to the History of Russia, CH Beck Studium, Verlag CH Beck, 1997, ISBN 3406423043 , 9783406423048, p. 140 [3] , accessed on August 10, 2019
  4. ↑ Hans-Joachim Torke, Introduction to the History of Russia, CH Beck Studium, Verlag CH Beck, 1997, ISBN 3406423043 , 9783406423048, p. 140 [4] , accessed on August 10, 2019