Ordensburg Tilsit

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Tilsit Castle (1833) with the remains of a bastion, in front of it a Wittine on the Memel

The Ordensburg Tilsit was a castle of the Teutonic Order in Tilsit, which was completed in 1410 . With the construction of bastions in the 16th or 17th century, the castle was expanded into a fortress-like complex. Today only the outer walls of the main house remain.

history

After the conquest of Schalauens by the Teutonic Order, the Teutonic Order fortified the left bank of the Memel with wooden structures: the castles Ragnit, Kaustritten and Splitter. These were destroyed by Lithuanians in 1365 . Instead of the Splitter Castle, which was briefly rebuilt, the order began preparatory work in 1404 with the construction of a brick factory . Konrad von Jungingen signed the Gdansk bricklayer Hannus Bollen on December 26, 1406 for the construction of Ragnit and Tilsit Castle. Under the direction of the order builder Niclaus Fellenstein , the order house was built between the Memel and the Tilse . The "Hus" was called "Tylsat" after the river that flows there.

As one of the last fortifications in the Teutonic Order , the castle was completed in 1410. On February 8, 1411, Žemaiten attacked the castle. They killed two friars and seven Schalauer . The castle was burned down and looted. Renewed more than a century later by Albrecht von Hohenzollern , it was made the official residence of the caretaker in 1537 . In the hierarchy of offices of the Teutonic Order , this provisional was under Komtur and Vogt . With his colleague at Labiau Castle , he belonged to the convent of the Ragnit Commandery.

In 1695 the first depictions of the bastions can be found on the Tilsit rifle shield. In 1738 a stone bridge was built over the moat . When the castle lost its strategic importance, it was sold to six Tilsit merchants in 1805 for 16,500 thalers . Used as a paper mill since 1873 , it fell victim to a fire on December 27, 1876 . In 1881 the IC Keyser company received the concession to build a lime kiln within the walls of the old castle. The chimney built on a bastion is still standing.

The outer walls of the main house from 1407 not only survived the two great fires, but also the occupation of the city in the summer of 1914 and the conquest of Tilsit in 1945 . They are made of large hand-painted bricks. Hard-fired, glazed bricks are inserted in large diamonds as an ornament. The old arches of the doors and windows are clearly visible.

Charlotte Keyser has written a lot about the "Castle on the Memel".

  • bastioned Ordensburg Tilsit
    (Egon Janz, 1993)

  • Tilsit Castle (with bastions), Tilsit nucleus
    (W. Thalmann)

  • Outer Walls (1993)

Web links

Commons : Schloss Tilsit  - collection of images, videos and audio files

literature

  • EC Thiel: Statistical-topographical description of the city of Tilse . Königsberg 1804 pp. 9-11. .
  • M. Biskup, G. Labuda: Dzieje zakonu krzyźackiego w Prusach . Gdańsk 1988.
  • Käthe Clasen-Sandt: On the building history of the Memelburgs Ragnit, Splitter and Tilsit . Prussia-Zeitschrift für Heimatkunde und Heimatschutz ( Altertumsgesellschaft Prussia ), issue 29, Königsberg i. Pr. 1931.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Archaeologia Lituania ( Memento of the original from January 7, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.mgh-bibliothek.de
  2. ↑ Kurt Kuberzig: The small chronicle of the city of Tilsit . Hans-Otto Holzner , Tilsit 1938
  3. ↑ a b c d Egon Janz, 23. Tilsiter Rundbrief (1994), p. 26 f.
  4. ↑ Siegfried Hungerecker: The religious house Tilsit . 21. Tilsiter Rundbrief (1991/92), p. 21
  5. ↑ Janz made an oil painting of the drawing, which he donated to the History Museum in Sovetsk.

Coordinates: 55 ° 5 ′ 16 ″  N , 21 ° 54 ′ 37 ″  E