Oskar game

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Memorial plaque for the first individual psychological experimental school in Vienna-Brigittenau

Oskar Spiel (born May 5, 1892 in Vienna ; † August 1, 1961 there ) was an Austrian pedagogue and psychologist who played a key role in initiating the use of individual psychology as part of the Vienna school reform. He was the founder of individual psychological experimental schools:

With the experiment of an individual psychology school in Vienna, Spiel has proven that a school that is guided by the principle of understanding and helping can get along without punishment and repetitions .

Life

Oskar Spiel was the son of a shoemaker. He attended the seminary and then the teachers' seminar with the school brothers in Strebersdorf (Vienna) and then got a job as a substitute teacher. Because he suffered from a severe eye problem, he was not drafted into the war. During the war years, Oskar Spiel joined the social democratic movement and was actively involved in politics:

His search led him to the most varied of political and artistic circles and on this way also to the immediate vicinity of Freud and Adler .

From 1920 he took part in the discussion groups of the Psychoanalytic Association under the leadership of Sigmund Freud . From 1921 he turned to individual psychology and belonged to the Adler circle . As part of the Vienna school reform under Otto Glöckel , he tried from 1920 to 1934, together with Ferdinand Birnbaum and Franz Scharmer , to transfer the knowledge gained from individual psychology for education to everyday school life. For four years, from 1930 to 1934, he set up an experimental school for individual psychology.

During the Austrofascism (1934–1938) and National Socialism (1938–1945) he was persecuted politically. During this time he published mainly in Switzerland and the USA. In 1945 he founded the second individual psychological and curative educational experimental school on Schweglerstrasse in Vienna, which he headed until 1960. Political forces worked against this institution, so that it was dissolved shortly after the death of Oskar Spiel.

In 1951 he was appointed professor. He taught with Birnbaum and Scharmer at the Pedagogical Institute of the City of Vienna .

In 1963 the Oskar-Spiel-Gasse in Vienna- Döbling (19th district) was named after him.

plant

“This book (On the Switching Board of Education) is the first attempt at the application of Dr. Alfred Adler to systematically present individual psychology in school. It has been written in the hope that the warmest possible description of individual psychological practice will awaken in the reader the desire to deal more closely with the theory of this doctrine; it is written with the intention of helping all those struggling with practical difficulties; It was written with the conviction - at the time when I was condemned to remain silent - that the real overcoming of fascism could not take place either through any external regulation or through appeals to the conscious in people, but solely through an awareness of it Unconscious , and that all the problems of school renewal, such as: giving birth to the spontaneity of children, education for democracy and pacifism, etc., can in principle not be solved without insight into depth psychology .

(…) But one thing is clear: if democracy is to become a permanent principle of state life , this is only possible if this principle is not limited to the political sector, but rather becomes essential for the wholeness of the lifestyle of every individual citizen. But if we recognize this thought, then the slogan can only be: Education for a democratic lifestyle ! Only then does the slogan appear to us in its deepest depth. It cannot be a matter of a rational assessment of the democratic form of government, of civic education , nor of propagandistic inflaming young hearts for political problems and their solution with the methods of democracy. As important as all of this is, it doesn't get to the heart of the matter. The core of the matter is the dismantling of the ego-like striving for power , is the classification, the cooperation , is the devotion to the community, is the assumption of responsibility not only for one's own actions, but also for the actions of other people. " (Oskar Spiel : On the switchboard of education , 1947)

literature

  • Oskar Spiel: On the switching board of education (1947), Verlag Hans Huber Bern / Stuttgart / Vienna 1979, ISBN 3-456-80674-4
  • Alfred Adler : Individual Psychology in School , Frankfurt 1929/1973
  • Alfred Adler: Raising children , Frankfurt 1930/1976
  • Alfred Adler: Shaping life, dealing with problem children . Frankfurt 1930/1979
  • Edward Hoffman: Alfred Adler - A life for individual psychology (English 1994), Munich 1997, Ernst Reinhardt Verlag, ISBN 3-497-01418-4
  • Alfred Burger: The teacher as an educator. Hans Zulliger and Oskar Spiel, Zurich 1992
  • Ulrich Kümmel: Oskar Spiel - A person grows with their tasks , in: Gestalten around Alfred Adler - Pioneers of Individual Psychology , ed. by Alfred Lévy u. Gerald Mackenthun , Würzburg 2002, Verlag Königshausen & Neumann, ISBN 3-8260-2156-8 , pp. 271-287
  • Lutz Wittenberg: History of the individual psychological experimental school in Vienna - attempt to link reform education and individual psychology within the framework of the Vienna school reform by Oskar Spiel and Ferdinand Birnbaum , dissertation, Vienna 2000, ISBN 3-85114-739-1

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Burger 1992, p. 159
  2. ↑ cit. n. Burger 1982, p. 89
  3. ↑ University of Vienna: On the switching board of education (review)
personal data
SURNAME Game, Oskar
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Austrian educator and psychologist
DATE OF BIRTH May 5, 1892
PLACE OF BIRTH Vienna
DATE OF DEATH August 1, 1961
Place of death Vienna