Strebersdorf (Vienna)
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Strebersdorf was an independent municipality until 1910 and was incorporated into the Viennese district of Floridsdorf on January 1, 1911 . Today Strebersdorf is one of the 89 Viennese cadastral communities .
geography
Strebersdorf borders in the north on Stammersdorf , in the east on Großjedlersdorf , in the south on Jedlesee and in the west on the Lower Austrian municipality of Langenzersdorf . The cadastral community extends over an area of 463.12 hectares . A section of the Marchfeld Canal runs through the south of Strebersdorf . With around one hectare of vineyards, the district is one of Vienna's smaller wine-growing areas .
history
Origin of name
Strebersdorf was first mentioned in a document in 1078. Originally the name of the place was Strobelinstorf , whereby the name either comes from a man named Strobo or was derived from the Stroblern , who produced straw mats or traded straw. At that time, the straw mats were needed to pull the salt ships moored in Nussdorf and Vienna undamaged on land. Later Strobersdorf became Ströbleinsdorf , Ströbelsdorf (1469), Strobesdorf (1540) and finally Streberstorff (1697).
Strebersdorf until the late Middle Ages
The first traces of settlement in Strebersdorf date from the Stone Age . Stone axes and a stone hammer from this period were found on Bisamberg . However, there are no traces of permanent settlement even from Roman times . Only one Roman coin found during construction work in 1891 indicates the presence of the Romans in neighboring Vindobona . The first owners of the village were the Vohburger, a family of margraves from Cham am Regen . In 1155, Berthold von Vohburg donated the “Strobersdorf” farm to the Reichenbach monastery , and in 1320 the place name can be found in the register of income from the Bishop of Passau . The ownership changed constantly, other owners were among others the Schottenstift , the gentlemen from Bisamberg, the gentlemen from Süßenbrunn and the parish of St. Veit. Until the middle of the 15th century, the town center was located west of today's north-west dam on Scheydgasse . Due to its location in the middle of a tangle of arms of the Danube , the place was completely destroyed by a flood in 1440, like the neighboring settlements of Stallern and Krottendorf. The residents of Strebersdorf then settled on Bisamberg and re-founded the place. The beginning of the 15th century was marked by destruction and wars. In 1428 the Hussites burned the place down, later robber barons drove their mischief. In 1477 Matthias Corvinus conquered the country and devastated Strebersdorf on his army campaign.
Strebersdorf in the 16th and 17th centuries
Strebersdorf until the middle of the 17th century
The early 16th century was also marked by acts of war. When the Turks stood before Vienna in 1529 ( First Turkish Siege of Vienna ), Strebersdorf was not spared either. The devout Strebersdorfers could only find consolation outside the town in Kagran . Since the way was very difficult in snow and flood, Strebersdorf was parish in 1541 to Stammersdorf. The Thirty Years War also had an impact on the history of Strebersdorf. The Protestant Count Thurn and his army stood before Korneuburg in 1619 and devastated numerous places in the Marchfeld . Towards the end of the war, in 1645, Archduke Leopold Wilhelm defended the Wolfsschanzen at neighboring Jedlesee against the approaching Swedes . The Swedish general Lennart Torstensson also came to the Strebersdorf area that year and moved into his camp here. After a victory for the Swedes, the imperial troops were able to recapture Wolfsschanze and force Torstensson to retreat.
Strebersdorf during the Second Turkish Siege of Vienna
Even around forty years later, Strebersdorf was not spared the war. After more than a third of the population had fallen victim to the plague in 1679 , on July 16, 1683, Duke Charles of Lorraine with horsemen and guns took up position south of the Bisamberg to prevent the Turks from crossing the Danube. Karl's camp extended from Langenzersdorf via Strebersdorf to Wolfsschanze near Jedlesee. When the Turkish army had completely enclosed Vienna on July 25th, Ernst Rüdiger von Starhemberg instructed the Pole Georg Franz Kolschitzky to ask Karl von Lothringen for help. Kolschitzky crossed the Danube near Nussdorf and finally reached Strebersdorf, where he set fire to a pile of wood on Bisamberg as agreed. At Stillfried , Kolschitzky finally reached the Austrian high command on August 15, where the Polish auxiliary troops were expected. After the news, Duke Karl immediately moved with the imperial army over the Bisamberg to Stockerau , where they secured a crossing of the Danube so that the Viennese could be rescued from the relief attack from the Kahlenberg . However, the Turks took advantage of this and burned Strebersdorf and the neighboring villages. Thereupon Charles of Lorraine returned and defeated the Pasha of Varaždin near Stammersdorf with around 12,000 soldiers . About 12,000 Turks and Tatars died in the battle.
Strebersdorf until the 19th century
In the 18th century, Strebersdorf was not spared from death and war. In 1703 Kuruzen plundered the region and in 1713 Strebersdorf suffered from the plague. Public security deteriorated more and more and bands of robbers formed. In 1721, therefore, all suspects were hanged on an October day. From 1753 onwards, Strebersdorf benefited economically from the right to run a tavern every six months. This right, granted by Countess Dietmannsdorf , was the most important source of income for the community and its population , alongside sheep breeding and the vineyards on Bisamberg .
The presence of the French in 1809 survived the Strebersdorfer relatively unscathed due to the good contacts of their landlord. On July 4, 1822, a fire destroyed large parts of the community. Strebersdorf Castle, 35 houses, 17 barns and large parts of the harvest were destroyed. After that, cholera took down large parts of the population. On March 1, 1830, the flood was one and a half meters in Strebersdorf, but it hit the place less hard than other villages on the Danube, and no people were killed. The Stockerau wing railway brought the railway to Strebersdorf for the first time from 1845, but no separate station was planned for the community. This year the community received its own school building for the first time. In 1848 the Strebersdorfers set up a National Guard in connection with the March Revolution , but this is said to have disbanded after the first shots. In 1873 another fire broke out in Strebersdorf. 24 houses and 14 barns were destroyed by the flames. Thereupon the formation of a volunteer fire brigade was decided, but this could only be realized eight years later. In the late 19th century, Strebersdorf began to grow rapidly. In 1887 Strebersdorf got its own train station, in 1894 a post office. In 1896 Strebersdorf was connected to the telegraph network and in 1900 to the gas network.
Strebersdorf in the 20th century
When in 1904 Floridsdorf was incorporated into Vienna with some Marchfeld villages, Strebersdorf had to cede part of its territory. This was the part that Strebersdorf brought in most of the taxes, which is why the economic survival of the community was endangered. The Strebersdorf local council then asked for the incorporation into Vienna, which was approved on January 17, 1908. Since Stammersdorf also wanted to go to Vienna and the police costs were considered too high, incorporation in 1909 was rejected. In addition, the planned Danube-Oder Canal would have separated the place from Jedlersdorf and Jedlesee. However, through the mediation of the Minister for Public Works Albert Gessmann , the incorporation of Strebersdorf to Floridsdorf was decided on February 15, 1910 by the Vienna City Council. The law came into force on January 1, 1911. As a result, the electric tram was run from Spitz to Strebersdorf in 1912, and the town was connected to the Viennese spring water pipeline in 1913 .
In the following two world wars, the location on Bisamberg played a decisive role for Strebersdorf. During the First World War , guns as well as lighting and telephone equipment were built on it. In addition, railway workshops, an ammunition and feed magazine and a car cadre were built in the village, where motor vehicles were repaired. Even after 1918, more and more companies settled in Strebersdorf.
In 1938 a barrack camp was built on an open field north of Rußbergstrasse, which served as barracks for the 134th Infantry Regiment during World War II . Furthermore, one of the two colonial police schools of the German Reich was located in Strebersdorf . The second was in Oranienburg . The Bisamberg served as a military training area and the facilities of the car squad were used by the army. In addition, Strebersdorf was in a main flight path for the Allied bombers and the anti-aircraft batteries on the Elisabethhöhe and in the Stammersdorf area often caused a hail of fragments of exploding anti-aircraft shells. Fogging systems in southern Strebersdorf became obsolete at the latest after the invention of radar-based ground inspection devices. In April 1945, Stammersdorf was also within the range of Allied artillery, which caught the retreating German army under fire.
Strebersdorf after the Second World War
After the end of the war, numerous residential buildings were built for the employees of the ÖBB next to today's rapid transit station . Settlement houses were built up to the city limits in the area of the former village of Stallern, near the Dirnelwiese. Instead of the barracks town, numerous apartment blocks with green spaces were built. In addition, the new Strebersdorf was built around 1950 along Rußbergstrasse, which in 1961 also received its own church. Numerous companies have also settled on a site south of Scheydgasse. The field chapel, built in 1714, had to give way to a work by the Böhler company in 1973; today it is located near the corner of Tomaschekstraße and Schlossergasse.
education
Until 1845, the Strebersdorf children had to go to school in neighboring Stammersdorf. It was not until this year that Strebersdorf was approved by the Klosterneuburg provost to build his own school, which opened on September 29, 1845. In 1886 the Congregation of Christian School Brothers bought the Strebersdorf estate and built an educational center in the so-called Marienheim . They expanded the building and on April 8, 1889 opened a two-class school for boys, the St. Josef boarding school . The later immigration also increased the number of students, whereupon a new grammar school was built in Dr.-Albert-Geßmann-Gasse, which was consecrated at the end of August 1903 by the Scottish Abbot Leopold Rost.
A large educational institution has its headquarters in Mayerweckstrasse, namely the Church of the University of Education in Vienna / Krems . Here teachers for elementary, secondary, special and vocational schools are trained. In addition, religious teachers from Christian churches and several religious communities are trained here.
religion
_-_Klosterkirche.JPG)
In 1714 the construction of a chapel is handed down. It is said to have been financed by the miller Sebastian Scheyd, who had it built as a thank you for sparing his mill from the floods of 1708. This field or Emmaus chapel was on Scheydgasse across from Autokaderstraße. A baroque chapel built in 1762 on the western wing of Strebersdorf Palace by the landlord Josef von Fillenbaum was declared a public chapel two years later and a 15 meter high tower was added in 1855 by the Floridsdorf master builder Karl Frömml . A beneficiary position could only be created after 1864. In that year the business owner Johann Kain died, who donated his fortune to the establishment of a charity. However, since the financial means were insufficient, it was not until 1875 that the mass could be read in Strebersdorf on Sundays and public holidays. The dead were buried in Stammersdorf until 1878, but since the way was very long, especially for older people, space was created for a separate cemetery in today's Anton-Habezeth-Gasse: the Strebersdorf cemetery was opened on September 3, 1878 inaugurated. In 1886 the Congregation of Christian School Brothers bought a piece of land in the community and later built a school. Since the chapel soon no longer met the demands of the Strebersdorfers, a two - aisled neo - Gothic church was built near the castle in 1887 , which from 1888 also served as a religious and parish church. In 1961 the construction of the church Maria Königin was completed on Edmund-Hawranek-Platz and inaugurated as a new parish church.
As a place for training religious teachers, the KPH Wien / Krems is also a place where churches and religious communities meet. Religious teachers from the Catholic, Protestant, Old Catholic, Orthodox and Old Oriental Churches as well as from the Free Churches are trained here, as well as Islamic and Alevi religion teachers .
literature
- Raimund Hinkel: Vienna XXI. Floridsdorf. The home book. Jedlsee, Schwarzlackenau, Strebersdorf, Jedlersdorf, Leopoldau, Stammersdorf, intermediate bridges, Donaufeld, Floridsdorf, Jedlersdorf am Spitz . Vienna 1994. ISBN 3-85447-528-4 .
- Günter Weber (Ed.): Stammersdorf - Strebersdorf 1890 - 1960 . Album Verlag für Photographie, Vienna 2000, ISBN 3-85164-092-6 .
Web links
- Entry on Strebersdorf (Vienna) in the Austria Forum (in the AEIOU Austria Lexicon )
- Strebersdorf in Floridsdorf.net
- Strebersdorf parish
- Viennese shopping streets Strebersdorf
Individual evidence
- ↑ Vineyards in Vienna according to cadastral communities 2010 . Website of the City of Vienna, accessed on June 21, 2012.
- ^ Stefan Klemp: Oranienburger Schriften edition 1/2015, Die Oranienburger Polizeieunheiten from 1936 to 1945 , p. 91
Floridsdorf | Donaufeld | Großjedlersdorf (KG Großjedlersdorf I and KG Großjedlersdorf II, coll. Neujedlersdorf) | Jedlesee (KG Jedlesee and KG Schwarze Lackenau) | Leopoldau | Stammersdorf | Strebersdorf
Coordinates: 48 ° 18 ' N , 16 ° 23' E