Georg Franz Kolschitzky

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Georg Franz Kolschitzky

Jerzy Franciszek Kulczycki ( Polish Jerzy Franciszek Kulczycki , Ukrainian Юрій-Франц Кульчицький ., Scientific transliteration Jurj Franc Kul'čic'kij * 1640 in the village Kultschytzi-Schlachetzki in the district Sambir , Poland-Lithuania ; † 19th February 1694 in Vienna , Habsburg Monarchy ) was a businessman and interpreter as well as a spy for the Polish King John III. Sobieski .

Life

Kolschitzky came to Vienna at the age of 16. He spoke Romanian and Turkish and from 1662 to 1663 was in the service of the imperial ambassador to Constantinople Johann Philipp Beris . From 1665 to 1666 he was "sub-interpreter" for the Ambassador at the Sublime Porte , Walter Leslie . In 1667 he joined the first Viennese oriental trading company and traveled throughout the Balkans and the European part of the Ottoman Empire . In 1679 he made his last trip to Constantinople and settled permanently in Vienna in the summer of 1681.

During the siege of Vienna by the Turkish army under the command of Grand Vizier Kara Mustafa between July 15 and September 13, 1683 Kolschitzky belonged to a Polish unit under the command of the Polish King Jan III. Sobieski on.

When the troops of Grand Vizier Kara Mustafa besieged the Viennese city in 1683, his great moment as a scout struck: Kolschitzky ventured with his Serbian servant Đorđe Mihajlović, disguised as a Turk , through the lines of the besiegers and returned with the news that this would happen Relief Army will soon be on the march. Thereupon he was raised to the rank of imperial interpreter, received a permanent salary and was assigned a court quarters.

To the blue bottles (Schlosser Gassele), old Viennese coffee house scene

The fact that Kolschitzky opened the first Viennese coffee house in what was then Schlossergassel (today: Stock-im-Eisen-Platz 4) is controversial. This information is handed down in writing by Father Gottfried Uhlich , a Piarist for the first time in his chronicle, History of the Second Turkish Siege of Vienna, at the centenary commemorative from 1783. According to recent findings, the first Viennese coffee house was opened by Johannes Theodat on January 17, 1685. It was not until a year later that three former scouts of the Turkish siege, including Kolschitzky, also received the privilege of serving coffee. As so-called “Hofbefreite” they were exempt from trade tax for twenty years. Whether Kolschitzky ever made use of his privilege himself (or sold or leased it) cannot be deduced from the sources.

Kolschitzky monument at the house at Favoritenstrasse 64 in Vienna

In 1862 Liniengasse in Vienna- Wieden was renamed Kolschitzkygasse . The Kolschitzky Memorial , which was unveiled on September 12, 1885, the anniversary of the Battle of the Kahlenberg , is located on the corner of Kolschitzkygasse / Favoritenstrasse .

literature

  • Cezary Harasimowicz : Victoria. venimus, vidimus, Deus vici . TopInvest, Warsaw 2007, ISBN 978-83-925589-0-3 .
  • The Turks before Vienna. Europe and the decision on the Danube 1683 . Self-published by the Museums of the City of Vienna, Vienna 1983, ( special exhibition of the Historisches Museum der Stadt Wien 82, ZDB -ID 881004-7 ), (exhibition catalog, Künstlerhaus, Karlsplatz 5, and in the special exhibition room of the Historisches Museum der Stadt Wien, Karlsplatz, 5. May to October 30, 1983).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ [1]
  2. ↑ Johannes Klos: Kolschitzky, the coffee and the Viennese coffee house . In: Ukrainischer Deutschlehrer- und Germanistenverband (Ed.): Journal of the UDGV . tape 24 . Lviv 2011, p. 99-102 ( PDF [accessed February 20, 2012] 1.89 MB).
  3. ↑ cf. Birgit Schwaner: The Viennese coffee house . Legend culture atmosphere. Vienna / Graz / Klagenfurt: Pichler Verlag 2007. ISBN 978-3-85431-435-6 , p. 13f.
  4. ^ Karl Teply: The introduction of coffee in Vienna . Georg Franz Koltschitzky. Johannes Diodato. Isaac de Luca. In: Association for the History of the City of Vienna; Felix Czeike (Hrsg.): Research and contributions to the Viennese city history . tape 6 . Commission publisher Jugend und Volk, Vienna - Munich 1980, ISBN 3-7005-4536-3 (208 pages, 15 illustrations).
  5. ↑ "courtyard-free"

Web links

Commons : Georg Franz Kolschitzky  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
personal data
SURNAME Kolschitzky, Georg Franz
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Kulczycki, Jerzy Franciszek (Polish); Kul'čic'kij, Jurj Franc (uk-Latn)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Polish businessman and interpreter
DATE OF BIRTH 1640
PLACE OF BIRTH Kultschytzi-Schlachetzki village in Sambir district , Poland-Lithuania
DATE OF DEATH February 19, 1694
Place of death Vienna , Habsburg Monarchy