Leopoldau

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Leopoldau
coat of arms map
Leopoldau coat of arms Leopoldau map.png
At Leopoldauer Platz

Leopoldau was an independent municipality until 1904 and is now a district of Vienna in the 21st Viennese district of Floridsdorf and one of the 89 Viennese cadastral communities .

location

Leopoldau is located in Marchfeld , on the old traffic route from the Danube crossing at Jedlesee to Deutsch-Wagram and Aspern . For a long time Leopoldau was repeatedly endangered by floods of the Danube, whose branches reached to the western edge of the old town center. The village is an anger village on a silted arm of the Danube. Until the 1970s, the houses formed a closed front along the entire Angers.

The cadastral municipality extends over an area of ​​1058.46 hectares , of which 11 hectares are in the area of ​​the Donaustadt municipal district.

Origin of name

The small settlement Leopoldau had many different names. The name Alpitowe was first mentioned in 1125 . It also changed to Alpoltowe , Altentoe , Alpeltow , Eypeltau , Apoltau and Eipeldau , which the Eipeldauer Straße still indicates today . Then came Eupoltau and finally Leopoldau . The current name Leopoldau was given by Emperor Leopold I out of gratitude for a proven help and has been in use since 1734, but the villagers were more likely to be happy with the new name. That is why the name Leopoldau only caught on very late (from 1911). The Eipeldauerlied by Franz Hebenstreit takes up this renaming.

history

Leopoldau in the 19th century
Ball Cross (Siemensstrasse 167)

The settlement of the area of ​​Leopoldau goes back without interruption to the Neolithic Age , making Leopoldau the oldest settlement area of ​​the 21st district; The place was first mentioned in writing in 1125.

Margrave Leopold III. was the master of the place "Alpiltowe", where he often went hunting. In 1120 he gave the place to his son Leopold IV.

The structure of the old settlement was often badly damaged by military incursions, floods and conflagrations, and the population was also decimated by epidemics. In the Middle Ages, the Leopoldauer lived mainly from fishing. From 1431 to 1439 there was devastation by the Hussites from Bohemia . Just 12 years later, the next army came with the Hungarians under Matthias Corvinus and destroyed the place again. In 1271 and 1402 the plague raged in Leopoldau. In 1275 a large part of the place was destroyed by flooding .

In 1330 the first cemetery was opened next to that in 1108 under Leopold III. built chapel. In 1338, a seven- mile train of locusts from Asia destroyed all fields. In 1484 the Hungarian army took Stammersdorf . The Leopoldauer helped Friedrich III. and thus got special rights. For example, from 1492 to 1875 they did not have to pay a bridge toll on the Danube bridge to Vienna.

What had been disadvantageous for the Jedleseer - the construction of the Danube bridge in 1439 - was an advantage for the Leopoldauer: they could now bring their agricultural products to the Viennese markets with ease. After a flood, Leopoldau was supposedly forever separated from Kagran by a newly created branch of the Danube in 1489. Also this year the parish Eipeldau was raised as independent.

Almost 200 years later the plague came again and claimed over 700 victims. 133 were buried around the Kugelkreuz (today on Siemensstrasse). This spherical cross is on a small hill. It consists of a stone column with a ball and a cross on it. However, the hill itself is not a plague grave and also not a Hallstatt burial mound , as was also often assumed.

From 1600 on, Leopoldau is said to have had its own school, and in 1730 a parish school was built in the rectory. In 1773 a fire raged in Leopoldau, which destroyed around 50 houses.

The old Eipeldau was not only famous for its geese breeding, but also achieved a place in literary history through the letters written by Joseph Richter (1749–1813) to his master cousin in Kakran via d'Wienerstadt .

Another major flood devastated Leopoldau on March 1, 1830. 8 people drowned and 89 houses were partly badly damaged. The high water mark at Leopoldauer Platz 91 is evidence of this to this day.

In 1831 Leopoldau was raised to a market town. Numerous factories and houses were built around the middle of the 19th century. At that time, two new localities began to develop: Neu-Leopoldau and Mühlschüttel . 1881 of these two places were Alt-Leopoldau separated and formed its own since Cadastral New Leopoldau with Mühlschüttel which in 1886 due to the confusion with Alt-Leopoldau in Donaufeld was renamed.

In 1904 Leopoldau was incorporated with several other suburbs into the 21st Viennese district of Floridsdorf . Of all the affected communities, the Leopoldauer farmers were the most opposed to incorporation into Vienna. Mayor Karl Lueger had to come to meetings in person several times to convince them of the advantages. After the 22nd district of Donaustadt was founded in 1938 and Stammersdorf was incorporated in 1954, the Floridsdorf district consists of Leopoldau and six other districts.

In 1927 the Leopoldau volunteer fire brigade was replaced by the Viennese professional fire brigade .

1932 as part of a job creation program, the first of the sideline settlements by the Wiener Gesiba erected. The city administration selected suitable applicants from the long-term unemployed, especially skilled workers, who had to carry out all construction work on their own. In this way, 425 houses were built on relatively large plots that could be used for horticulture and keeping small animals. The Großfeldsiedlung was built south of the Leopoldau train station, the northern edge settlement north of it to the border with Lower Austria.

From 1966 to 1973, the Großfeldsiedlung community building was built for around 21,000 residents, one of the first Vienna satellite settlements. Parts of the former settlement have been preserved at the edge of the residential complex.

In 1996, the Leopoldau fire station on the Leopoldau estate was closed and sold in 2010.

The historical center with the baroque church Maria im Elend has the shape of a street green village . There are still numerous small farms there today. The fields in the northern part of the town center were protected by dedication so that the Leopoldau has largely retained its village character to this day.

Parishes and cemeteries

Leopoldauer parish church

Leopoldauer parish church

The Leopoldau used to belong to the Stadlau parish (from a church perspective). Their church was often flooded, so a new one was built in Kagran . But also this church building was often not accessible due to floods. Thereupon the Leopoldauer asked the Diocese of Passau to be allowed to convert their own chapel into a parish church, which they were allowed to do in 1489.

The original building, which dates back to the Gothic period, was St. Mary and St. George consecrated. When the church was redesigned into today's building in 1696 under Provost Christoph II, it was consecrated to St. Mary in misery . Since then the church has been called Maria im Elend or Maria on the Flight into Egypt .

The church - arguably the most important in art history in the 21st district - has as the center of the valuable high altar a larger than life crucifixion group (around 1700) and important baroque sculptures (St. Florian, St. Gregory, St. Augustine) and on the left side altar a statue of the Virgin Mary and child (Middle of the 14th century).

Parish Church of the Assumption of Mary

Church of the Assumption of Mary

In 1934 the first idea for a church building in the area of ​​the Nordrandsiedlung came up, the approval was given on July 4th, 1934. However, there was initially very disagreement about the location. At the instigation of Pastor J. Kepplinger, the new church built for the north- fringed settlers - due to the short distance to the parish of Leopoldau - was built at the northern railway station Leopoldau loading point . In April 1937 the church was consecrated as an "emergency church".

However, shortly after the German troops marched in in 1938, the inventory was hidden and the emergency service stopped. After the end of the war, there were many who spoke out against the church because they believed it was better to build apartments than churches.

On October 15, 1950, Father Hartwig Hubert Balzen was appointed pastor. (Today Hartwig-Balzen-Gasse bears his name). The new pastor made it his business to rebuild the emergency church. He got the wood for the construction from an old Caritas barracks . At the end of November 1950, a piece of land was acquired with the help of Klosterneuburg Abbey . But it was not until 1951 that construction could begin. The foundation stone was laid on June 10th . The construction work lasted until December 2nd, 1951. On the following 1st Sunday in Advent , the first service was celebrated in the new church.

Other parishes in Leopoldau

Parish church Don Bosco in the Großfeldsiedlung

Leopoldauer Friedhof

The Leopoldauer Friedhof is located on Leopoldauer Platz and houses 964 grave sites on an area of ​​around 4,950 m². It is one of the Wiener Städtische Friedhöfe and is administered by Friedhöfe Wien GmbH (before 2008: Magistratsabteilung 43). Its origins go back to the 14th century, when there was only a chapel here and the village of Leopoldau belonged to the Stadlau parish . In 1872 the cemetery was expanded, in 1905 the cemetery had an area of ​​5,186 m² and a reserve of 1,970 m². The Statistical Yearbook of the City of Vienna this year indicated that the cemetery was “intended for the corpses of the former suburb of Leopoldau and for Catholics alone” . In 1906 and 1910 the cemetery was expanded again, and an enclosure wall was added in 1910 .

The cemetery was closed from 1925 to 1931. During the Second World War , the rear part of the cemetery was hit by eight bombs in March 1945. Some graves were destroyed or badly damaged in the process, and the church was also affected. In 1953 the Vienna City Council decided to close the Leopoldauer Friedhof again from 1975 onwards. Many other smaller Viennese cemeteries were also to be closed. After a referendum in 1980 , the local council lifted the closure of all cemeteries, which had been postponed to 1985.

Transport and infrastructure

traffic

Tram loop Leopoldau, 1977

In 1907 the first bus drove in Floridsdorf, from Floridsdorf via Leopoldau to Kagran .

From May 9, 1917, the 117 line was the first tram from Floridsdorf to Leopoldau. This was renamed on March 27, 1961 in 17A, which from June 3, 1961 no longer had its terminal in Floridsdorf Am Spitz, but was led from the express train station in Floridsdorf to Leopoldau. This tram line was closed on April 10, 1970.

From July 3, 1971 to September 17, 1976 the Floridsdorf - Leopoldauer Platz - Kagran route was served by bus route 28A, but between September 18, 1976 and September 3, 1982 the new route was Floridsdorf - Großfeldsiedlung . On September 4, 1982, this line was renamed 29A and continues to operate on this route.

On September 6, 1982 the new (amplifier) ​​line 28A goes into operation and runs between Floridsdorf and the Großfeldsiedlung , partly via the industrial area in Richard-Neutra-Gasse.

On September 4, 1995, line 30A was renamed 32A. Line 30A ran from March 27, 1961 to September 4, 1995 from Leopoldau via the Nordrandsiedlung to Großjedlersdorf and Siemensstrasse, the new line 32A also runs to Strebersdorf .

Since September 2, 2006, the U1 underground line has been running to Leopoldau and Leopoldau got three underground stations with the Aderklaaer Straße , Großfeldsiedlung and Leopoldau stations.

In the course of the extension of this underground line, tram line 25 was discontinued. This has been running between Schüttauplatz and Leopoldau for the first time since September 18, 1976.

The Leopoldau is also connected to the rapid transit network and ÖBB regional transport with several rapid transit lines and has also been served by a regional bus (line 125) since September 2, 2006.

In public night traffic, the Leopoldau is served by the U1 line on Saturday, Sunday and public holidays, and by the N25 nightline on the other nights .

On May 19, 2007 a bus drove into the new 'Betriebsgarage Leopoldau' for the first time. The new construction of the Leopoldau garage is part of the Wiener Linien garage concept . With the completion of Garage Leopoldau in 2007, the front garden garages from the 1950s and the former Grinzing tram depot, which was used as a bus garage , will be closed. The new Leopoldau garage is located at Katharina-Scheiter-Gasse 6 on the premises of the Leopoldau gasworks.

Infrastructure

The gas supply to Vienna was municipalized in 1896, but the outer districts were still supplied by two private companies whose contracts did not expire until 1911. In the same year, after a two-year construction period, the Leopoldau municipal gasworks went into operation on November 17th and was the second large gasworks to supply the city of Vienna with gas alongside the gasometers . The opening ceremony took place on December 18th. The gasworks produced 250,000 cubic meters of gas per hour. One of the most convincing reasons for the Leopoldau community to join Vienna was the promise to build the gasworks in their area. Good profits could be achieved through the sale of real estate, which, however, melted away again in the inflation of the post-war years.

The Leopoldau power plant has been in operation since February 1975 . In autumn 1988 it was converted into an environmentally friendly combined cycle power plant. In the winter half of the year, the plant is used to generate the base load in conjunction with district heating, in the summer half of the year it is used as a gas turbine power plant for peak loads and to cover replacement loads.

music

In 1949, after the Second World War, the Leopoldau Music Association was founded in Leopoldau and currently has its rehearsal room at Siemensstrasse 170.

The youth ensemble Orange Corporation (youth wind orchestra Donaustadt-Floridsdorf) emerged from the Musikverein Leopoldau with the participation of the Vienna music schools.

Sports

There are the following clubs in Leopoldau:

  • SC large field
  • Austria's largest table football club
  • Sports Union Leopoldau
  • Judo Club WAT-Großfeld

Schools and educational institutions

  • Elementary school Zehdengasse 9
  • Elementary school Lavantgasse 35
  • Elementary School Herzmanovsky-Orlando-Gasse 11
  • Elementary school Pastorstrasse 29
  • Elementary school Dopschstrasse 25
  • Secondary school Pastorstraße 25
  • Secondary school I Adolf-Loos-Gasse 2
  • Secondary school Aderklaaerstraße 2
  • Animal care school of the Fund for the Promotion of Animal Care
  • Higher federal college for tourism
  • University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna

literature

  • Felix Czeike: Vienna XXI. Floridsdorf. Viennese district leader . J&V, Vienna 1979, ISBN 3-7141-6221-6 .
  • Raimund Hinkel: Vienna XXI. Floridsdorf. The home book. Jedlsee, Schwarzlackenau, Strebersdorf, Jedlersdorf, Leopoldau, Stammersdorf, intermediate bridges, Donaufeld, Floridsdorf, Jedlersdorf am Spitz . Brandstätter, Vienna 1994. ISBN 3-85447-528-4

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b History of the Leopoldau district
  2. ↑ a b Viennese district culture guide . 1979
  3. ↑ Flood disasters in Vienna - 1200 to 1500
  4. ↑ Mention of the hill as a tumulus
  5. ↑ Data sheet for the excavations on the hill
  6. ↑ Helmut Weihsmann: Das Rote Wien: Social Democratic Architecture and Local Policy 1919-1934 . Edition tracks. Promedia Verlagsges. Mbh, 2002, ISBN 978-3-85371-181-1 ( Online Google Books).
  7. ↑ Homepage of the parish Leopoldau
  8. ↑ Homepage of the parish of the Assumption of Mary
  9. ↑ Leopoldau cemetery on wien.at
  10. ↑ Company garage Leopoldau on Stadtverkehr-Austria-Wiki
  11. ^ History of the Leopoldau garage on wien.at ( Memento from May 6, 2009 in the Internet Archive )
  12. ↑ Leopoldau power plant on wienenergie.at
  13. ↑ Chronicle | Leopoldau Music Association. Retrieved January 7, 2018 .
  14. ↑ About Us | Orange Corporation. Retrieved January 7, 2018 .
  15. ↑ Teachers | Music School Vienna Floridsdorf. Retrieved January 7, 2018 .

Web links

Commons : Leopoldau  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Coordinates: 48 ° 16 '  N , 16 ° 26'  E