Thorn-leaved fragrant flower
| Thorn-leaved fragrant flower | ||||||||||||
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Prickly-leaved scented flower ( Osmanthus heterophyllus ) |
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| Osmanthus heterophyllus | ||||||||||||
| ( G.Don ) PSGreen |
The prickly-leaved scented flower ( Osmanthus heterophyllus ) is a type of plant belonging to the genus of scented flowers ( Osmanthus ) within the olive family (Oleaceae). It comes from central to southern Japan ( Honshū , Kyūshū , Shikoku , Ryūkyū Islands ) and Taiwan . and is used as an ornamental plant.
description
Vegetative characteristics
Osmanthus heterophyllus grows as an evergreen shrub or small tree and reaches heights of 2 to 8 meters. The crown is wide; older specimens are about as wide as they are tall. The above-ground parts of the plant are bare. The bark is gray or blackish and breaks into small plates on old plants. The bark of young twigs is initially hairy.
The constantly against arranged on the branches leaves are divided into petiole and leaf blade. The downy hairy petiole has a length of 5 to 10 millimeters. The leathery leaf blade is at a length of 4.5 to 6, rarely up to 7 centimeters and a width of 1.5 to 2.5, rarely up to 3 centimeters elliptical or oblong-elliptical with a wedge-shaped blade base. The leaf surfaces are glossy green to dark green, slightly lighter on the underside. The leaf margin is prickly on young plants, usually with one to four large prickly teeth, while the leaves of older plant specimens become increasingly whole. The midrib is raised on both leaf sides. The pinnate nerves are raised on the underside of the leaf and only faintly visible on the upper side.
Generative characteristics
Osmanthus heterophyllus is dioecious separately sexed ( dioecious ). The flowering time is in autumn. In the leaf axils there are often some zymous inflorescences , each containing five to eight flowers. The fluffy hairy or bald bracts are broad-ovate with a length of 2 to 2.5, rarely up to 4 millimeters. The slightly glandular hairy or bald pedicel has a length of 5 to 6 7 to 12 millimeters.
The flowers give off an intense, sweet scent. The flowers are radial symmetry and four-fold with a double flower envelope . The four sepals , only 1 to 1.5, rarely up to 2 millimeters long, are fused bell-shaped. The four white petals are fused. The calyx tube is 1 to 2 millimeters long and the corolla lobes are 2.5 to 5 millimeters long. There is only one stamen circle. The stamens are fused with the middle of the petals and about as long as the corolla lobes.
The egg-shaped of about 1 centimeter in length from 1 to 1.5 centimeters and a diameter or transverse ellipsoid drupes are colored when ripe the following summer blue to purple-black.
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 46.
Systematics
The first description was in 1832 under the name Ilex heterophylla by George Don in A General History of the Dichlamydeous Plants , Volume 2, p. 17. The new combination to Osmanthus heterophyllus (G.Don) PSGreen was 1958 by Peter Shaw Green in Notes from the Royal Published Botanic Garden, Edinburgh , Volume 22, 5, p. 508. The specific epithet heterophyllus means differently leaved and refers to the different leaf shapes within the species.
Other synonyms for Osmanthus heterophyllus (G.Don) PSGreen are: Olea aquifolium Siebold & Zucc. , Olea ilicifolia Hassk. , Olea rotundifolia (H. Jaeger) Entleutner , Osmanthus acutus Masam. & T.Mori , Osmanthus aquifolium (Thunb.) Siebold , Osmanthus bibracteatus Hayata , Osmanthus ilicifolius (Hassk.) Carrière , Osmanthus integrifolius Hayata , Osmanthus myrtifolius G.Nicholson , Osmanthus rotundifolius (H.Jaeger) Dippel .
By osmanthus heterophyllus There are two varieties :
- Osmanthus heterophyllus (G.Don) PSGreen var. Heterophyllus : It occurs in Taiwan and Japan.
- Osmanthus heterophyllus var. Bibracteatus (Hayata) PSGreen (Syn .: Osmanthus bibracteatus Hayata , Osmanthus ilicifolius var. Bibracteatus (Hayata) K.Mori ): The leaves are always entire and the long petals are at least 5 millimeters long. It is endemic to Taiwan .
Common names
The common German names holly osmanthus and holly cinnamon blossom refer to the similarity with the holly ( Ilex aquifolium and others), an example of convergent evolution . One can distinguish the species without flowers by the arrangement of the leaves: they are alternate in Ilex aquifolium and opposite in Osmanthus heterophyllus .
Some common names in other languages are for example (selection): Chinese 柊 樹 , Pinyin zhong shu , ヒ イ ラ ギ , Hiiragi , Hihiragi , engl. : holly osmanthus, holly olive, false holly.
use
Varieties of Osmanthus heterophyllus are used as an ornamental plant in parks and gardens and, for example, planted as a hedge. Several cultivars were selected. There are, among other things, the varieties 'Aureus', 'Goshiki', 'Purpureus', 'Rotundifolius' and 'Subangustatus'. The cultivars 'Gulftide' and 'Variegatus' received the Award of Garden Merit from the Royal Horticultural Society .
A horticultural hybrid of Osmanthus heterophyllus with Osmanthus fragrans is Osmanthus × fortunei Carr.
The wood is used to make small furniture and toys.
history
Osmanthus heterophyllus is mentioned twice in Kojiki , the oldest historical work in Japan. The first time under the name hihiragi , in connection with the name of a kami , Hihiragi-no-sono-hana-madzumi-no-kami (translates as: "Deity who waits to see the flowers of the" holly "." ). The word madzumi ( seldom seen ) describes the ability of the plant to flower only rarely (according to Tominobu's explanation). The second mention comes in a passage in which a holly wood spear is mentioned. The spear, eight feet long, was given to Prince Yamatotakeru by the emperor before it was sent to subdue the east. Its prickly and non-prickly variants are sometimes differentiated as "male" and "female", even if this has nothing to do with the natural sex of the plants.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r Mei-chen Chang, Lien-ching Chiu, Zhi Wei, Peter S. Green: Oleaceae. : Osmanthus heterophyllus , p. 289 - the same text online as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven (Ed.): Flora of China , Volume 15 - Myrsinaceae through Loganiaceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 1996, ISBN 0-915279-37-1 .
- ↑ Osmanthus heterophyllus in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved May 2, 2016.
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l A. Huxley (Ed.): New RHS Dictionary of Gardening. Macmillan 1992, ISBN 0-333-47494-5 .
- ↑ Osmanthus heterophyllus at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
- ↑ Don 1832 scanned in at biodiversitylibrary.org .
- ↑ Osmanthus heterophyllus at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed on May 2, 2016.
- ↑ a b Osmanthus heterophyllus in Plants For A Future
- ↑ a b c d e Shio Sakanishi: The Magic Holly in Japanese Literature . In: Journal of the American Oriental Society . tape 55 , no. 4 , December 1935, p. 444-450 , doi : 10.2307 / 594762 , JSTOR : 594762 .
- ↑ RHS Plant Selector - Osmanthus heterophyllus 'Gulftide' . Retrieved May 25, 2013.
- ↑ RHS Plant Selector - Osmanthus heterophyllus 'Variegatus' . Retrieved May 25, 2013.
- ↑ Kojiki . Volume 2, sect. 26th
- ^ Basil Hall Chamberlain: Kojiki . Deity Waiting to see the Flowers of the Holly. 1932, p. 100 .
- ↑ Tominobu Hosoda: Jindai seigo tokiwa-gusa .
- ^ Basil Hall Chamberlain: Kojiki . eight fathoms long. 1932, p. 22 .
- ↑ Gentatsu Matsuoka: Honzo ikka gen . 1800 (about 1800).
