Pedophilia Debate (1970s and 1980s)

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In the 1970s and 1980s there was a pedophilia debate in the New Social Movements , in academia and among various parties in West Germany.

During this period, the impunity of pedophile acts was controversial in sex science , the gay movement , criminal law, and criminology . In addition to the demand for the deletion of § 176 StGB, the abolition of sexual criminal law was also demanded. This demand was mostly rejected by the general public. The Göttingen Institute for Democracy Research conducted research on the “scope, context and effects of pedophile demands in the milieus of the New Social Movement and the Greens” .

German Study and Working Group on Pedophilia

According to Franz Walter and Stephan Klecha , the German Study and Working Group on Pedophilia (DSAP) has a key function in the pedophile discussion: it influenced the gay movement's agenda in the preparation of the event in the Beethovenhalle, it influenced the FDP and used its reputation liberal sexologist for her propaganda. The DSAP and its activists influenced various political movements and organizations and recruited people from various academic disciplines.

Sexology, Psychiatry, and Criminology

Parts of criminology and sex sciences also discussed this topic controversially in the wake of the “ sexual revolution ” of the late 1960s and 1970s and pleaded for a new way of dealing with sexual contact between children and adults.

Sexual and other human sciences

The debate about the legalization of pedosexual acts is historically closely linked to the demand for the abolition of § 175 (StGB) . The negotiation of the question of harm in homosexual relationships with minors in the hearings of the great reforms of criminal law in 1969 and 1973 put the question of harm and the question of consensuality at the center of sexual criminal law for the first time, instead of unnaturalness. There was insufficient research in sexology on either question. At the same time (1972) the Dutch sex psychologist and pedophile activist Frits Bernard published the study Sex met kinderen (Sex with children), which he carried out on behalf of the Dutch Association for Sexual Reform NVSH (Nederlandse Vereniging voor Seksuele Hervorming) and in which he examined the harmlessness of sexual contacts proclaimed between children and adults. This study became the reference slide for advocates for legalizing pedosexual contacts in the early 1970s. As early as 1973, in a special issue of the magazine regarding: education, Bernard's study was used as an opportunity to discuss the question of the possible harmlessness of pedosexual contacts. In the same issue, the sexologist Eberhard Schorsch proclaimed the harmlessness of sexual contact between children and adults on the condition of “mutual consent”. Various criminal lawyers, sexologists, psychologists, psychiatrists and educators joined him in the following years. They differentiated between non-violent acts to which the child consented and sexual abuse. Helmut Kentler therefore called for the abolition of sexual criminal law, Reinhart Lempp attributed damage to child and adolescent psychiatry not to sexual assaults in children, but to the reactions of the environment. In the second half of the 1980s, the American sociologist David Finkelhor introduced the term “ informed consent ” as an essential factor, according to which there could be voluntary sexual acts by children, but they usually could not understand the scope of such consent. In 1987, the sexologist Martin Dannecker emphasized the “disparity of desires” that creates a “non-simultaneity” in the sexuality of pedophiles and children.

Federal Criminal Police Office

Der Spiegel wrote on July 21, 1980: “The fact that sexual crime - apart from acts of violence - is more of a criminalized sexuality has recently been confirmed by a study carried out by psychologist Michael C. Baurmann on behalf of the Federal Criminal Police Office . Baurmann viewed a total of 8,000 between 1968 and 1972 in Lower Saxony 'reported and condemned sexual contacts' from the perspective of the victims. These were subjected to a 'psychodiagnostic follow-up examination' in a random sample six to ten years after the recorded experience. Result: only 60 percent of the victims even remembered the incident. How many had pushed him out of their memories - precisely because of the traumatic suffering - is not clear in the study. ”In 1983 the Federal Criminal Police Office published a study that differentiated between non-violent, supposedly“ harmless ”sexual contact and violent, harmful sexual contact between adults and children . The study was published again in 1996 in the BKA series of publications, virtually unchanged, and was available on the BKA website until September 2013. According to Focus, “theses of child molesters were distributed” in the BKA publication.

In 1983, the BKA study on sexuality and violence provided the empirical basis for the distinction between non-violent and consensual sexual acts and violent and sociosexual situations characterized by dependency. The investigation by the Federal Criminal Police Office distinguishes between “relatively superficial, non-violent erotic and sexual acts” and “sexual acts of violence and threats”.

Journalism

Die Zeit , the Neue Juristische Wochenschrift and Der Spiegel gave space to pro-pedophile positions in their publications in addition to the taz and made some of them their own.

In 1979 the taz published a pedophile manifesto by Olaf Stüben. In 2010 the taz published an incomplete review of the pedophile influences on the newspaper's reporting. The taz claimed in 2010 that pedophile positions had no place in the newspaper in the 1990s. In fact, Elmar Kraushaar criticized the exclusion of pedophile groups from the ILGA in 1994 .

Child Protection Association

In the 1980s, pedophiles apparently tried to influence the German Child Protection Association . Walter Bärsch , long-time president of the Child Protection Association , was a founding member of the allegedly pedophile-friendly working group Humane Sexualität (AHS). The German Study and Working Group on Pedophilia (DSAP) is said to have planned the connections between pedophiles and the child protection association.

German gay movement

The adherence to § 175, which criminalized sexual acts among men until 1994, was legitimized in the FRG in the 1950s and 1960s primarily by the fact that it had a youth protection function. Young men could be seduced into homosexuality by older people and could be permanently disturbed in their sexual development, so the argument at the time. In public debates, too, homosexual men were repeatedly described as seducers and male adolescents as seduced. The debate about the abolition of § 175 was therefore closely linked to the question of the limits of legitimate sexual relationships and the question of the legitimacy of different age limits.

In 1979 "the deletion of §§ 174, 175 and 176 StGB or the abolition of sexual criminal law as a whole" was one of the demands of the Homolulu gay meeting in Frankfurt. The demand of the pedophiles was included in the agenda of the national gay movement in the environment of the alliance for party events in Bonn 's Beethoven Hall . Under the influence of the German Study and Working Group on Pedophilia e. V. (DSAP) and other groups, their demands became part of the party event. "The tumult in Bonn's Beethovenhalle meant the end of the gay movement of the 1970s." In retrospect, the Beethovenhallen event was seen as a "disaster". Pedophiles tried to use discussions about homosexual oppression for their interests and solicited solidarity and help in the gay movement for the abolition of Section 176 of the Criminal Code.

In the gay movement, the demand for impunity for pedophilia was enforced in the alliance negotiations for the party event in Bonn 's Beethoven Hall. The demand for impunity was ideologized with the principle that not sexuality, but violence, coercion and the exploitation of dependence should be criminal categories. Parts of the German gay movement came to the conclusion that non-violent sexuality with children should be legalized, §§ 174 and 176 StGB should be deleted and all sexual criminal law should be abolished.

The gay movement has distanced itself from the demands and groups of pedophiles since the late 1980s / early 1990s. Manfred Bruns, spokesman for the Lesbian and Gay Association in Germany , sees three aspects for the discussion in the gay movement until the beginning of the 1990s:

  • They did not want to hand over any group persecuted for their “deviant sexuality” to the “rulers”.
  • Only those gays who reported positive sexual experiences in early youth with adult men spoke up in the discussion. At that time, most gays came out very late. As a result, they felt they had missed their prime and dreamed of how much better their lives would have been if an older man had "woken them up" earlier.
  • The women began to formulate their multiple experiences of violence in the families only from 1980. This year Alice Schwarzer and Günter Amendt stated in Emma and in Sexualität that sexual relationships with children could not be non-violent under the current conditions. The discussion about this was very emotionally charged from the start and led to a profound alienation between the women's and gay movements.

Elmar Kraushaar criticized the SVD, founded in 1990, for supporting the exclusion of pedophile groups from the ILGA . Der Spiegel criticized that there had been "no processing of the past" of the gay movement, which had been used by pedophiles for their own purposes. The LSVD, which is criticized by Spiegel for allegedly narrow-lipped, explains its position in detail in its blog: According to this, "the SVD has set itself apart from demands for the release of sexual acts with children from the start, never supported these demands and never included them in its program" which he also substantiates in detail in terms of specific statements. Queer.de criticized the Spiegel for reporting on the influence of pedophiles on the politics of the gay movement: "The Hamburg magazine brings the cliché of the gay child molester back into the abuse debate and apparently also wants to protect young people from homosexuals."

Political parties

Liberalism, young democrats and the FDP

According to Walter, young democrats and the FDP made the demands of pedophiles in the gay movement their own before the Greens. The news magazine Der Spiegel also writes: "Spiegel research shows that the connections in the eighties were far closer than the party wants to admit today." In 1980 the Young Democrats , the youth organization of the FDP at the time , demanded that the German student union and Arbeitsgemeinschaft Pädophilie (DSAP) "a deletion of paragraphs 174 and 176". In a brochure of the Young Democrats it is said: "Sexuality is a matter into which the sexual criminal law should not edit, that's my opinion." According to Walter, it can be proven that " Verheugen personally also thought a revision of paragraphs 174 and 176 was possible" . Verheugen contradicts this claim. The FAZ reported: “The Greens were, as it was said in the reports of participants from the gay and pedophile scene, behind 'the status' of the 'epoch-making FDP declaration', which was in favor of the deletion of the former § 175 StGB (prohibition of sexual acts between persons of the male sex) and whose general secretary Günter Verheugen personally thought a revision of paragraphs 174 and 176 was possible. ”The social-liberal Berlin Senate placed boys with pedophile caretakers.

Following the pedophilia debate (Bündnis 90 / Die Grünen) , during his research in August 2013, the political scientist Franz Walter came across a text by FDP politician Dagmar Döring in the form of a pedophile experience report, which she had written when she was 19 . In the anthology Pädophilie heute published in 1980 by Joachim S. Hohmann , the two-page essay entitled So much love and tenderness - a woman loves children , the narrator also described a sexual relationship with a girl. As a result, Döring withdrew her candidacy for the 2013 federal election and stated that she wanted to use the text to support “the demands made by some groups in the so-called pedophile movement for legalization of supposedly consensual sexual relationships between adults and children”. Their “points of view and political activities in the relevant organizations” were “completely unacceptable from today's perspective and a big mistake”. Döring emphasized that she was "not guilty of anything."

Discussion within the Green Party

A research project at the Göttingen Institute for Democracy Research examined pedophile claims among the Greens. The first results were presented in autumn 2013. The Alternative List for Democracy and Environmental Protection (AL) occupies a special position , which was incorporated into the state association of the Bündnis 90 / Die Grünen party in Berlin in 1983 because “unlike in other state associations - convicted pedosexual offenders were also among the actors in the debate and this lasted until the mid-1990s ”.

Young Democrats and Young Left after 2000

In 2013, the demand for the abolition of sexual criminal law as “special criminal law” was still being represented by the young democrats , the former FDP and now independent youth organization.

See also

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Göttingen Institute for Democracy Research: The Greens and Pedosexuality.
  2. ↑ a b Der Spiegel: Franz Walter on the pedophilia debate: “It disgusts me.” August 15, 2013, accessed on September 25, 2013.
  3. ↑ a b c d e Der Spiegel: Pedophilia Debate - Errwege des Liberalismus. August 28, 2013. Retrieved September 25, 2013.
  4. ↑ Focus: Researcher: The FDP also wanted to legalize sex with children. August 11, 2013. Retrieved September 25, 2013.
  5. ↑ Alexander Hensel, Tobias Neef, Robert Pausch: From "Knabenliebhabern" and "Power-Pädos". On the origin and development of the West German pedophile movement. In: Franz Walter, Alexander Hensel, Stephan Klecha: The Greens and Pedosexuality. A German story. Göttingen 2014, pp. 136–159.
  6. ^ Franz Walter: "In dubio pro Libertate". Sexual Criminal Law in Social Change. In: Franz Walter, Stephan Klecha, Alexander Hensel (eds.): The Greens and Pedosexuality. A German story. Göttingen 2014, pp. 108–135.
  7. ↑ Tobias Neef: The "strongest taboo". On the taboo of pedosexuality and its questioning. In: INDES. Journal for Politics and Society, 2014–2, pp. 81–90.
  8. ↑ Martin Dannecker: Comments on the criminal treatment of pedosexuality. In: Herbert Jäger, Eberhard Schorsch (ed.): Sexology and criminal law. Stuttgart 1987, pp. 71-83.
  9. ↑ a b c Der Spiegel: Sexuality - Mighty Taboo. July 21, 1980. Retrieved September 25, 2013.
  10. ↑ Volker Beck on parliament watch, accessed on September 11, 2013.
  11. ↑ Michael C. Baurmann: Sexuality, Violence and Psychological Consequences - A longitudinal study of victims of sexual violence and sexual norm violations on the basis of reported sexual contacts. BKA research series, 15th Wiesbaden 1983.
  12. ↑ Focus: Bizarre study on behalf of the BKA “Children cannot gain enough sexual experience”. September 10, 2013, accessed September 11, 2013.
  13. ↑ Publication in extracts: http://www.haben-verboten.de/Opfer-Studie/studie-baurmann.htm
  14. ↑ a b Nina Apin: Cuddling with the Indians. taz print archive April 22, 2010, accessed September 25, 2013.
  15. ↑ The gay man. taz March 30, 1995.
  16. ↑ Die Welt: Pedophiles in the Child Protection Association? September 9, 2013, accessed September 25, 2013.
  17. ↑ Der Spiegel: Processing: Pedophiles wanted to infiltrate the child protection association in a targeted manner
  18. ↑ Magdalena Beljan: Pink Times? A history of the subjectification of male homosexuality in the 1970s and 1980s in Germany . transcript, Bielefeld 2014, ISBN 978-3-8376-2857-9 , p. 123-172 .
  19. ↑ LSVD: The first CSD demonstrations and the discussion about an anti-discrimination law ( memento of the original of August 18, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.lsvd.de
  20. ↑ queer.de: Brühwarm from Bielefeld to the Beethovenhalle. October 31, 2012, accessed August 24, 2013.
  21. ↑ Manfred Bruns: Gay policy in the past. ( Memento of the original from August 18, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved September 25, 2013. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.lsvd.de
  22. ↑ a b c Manfred Bruns: Gay policy earlier. ( Memento of the original from August 18, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved September 25, 2013. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.lsvd.de
  23. ↑ The homosexual man taz March 30, 1995.
  24. ↑ Der Spiegel 35/2013, August 26, 2013.
  25. ↑ LSVD: Clear demarcation right from the start. SVD's stance on the demands of pedophile activists. August 31, 2013, accessed September 11, 2013.
  26. ↑ August 25, 2013, queer.de: Norbert Blech: Abuse Debate - Der Spiegel, Alice Schwarzer and the Pädo-Homos. Retrieved August 25, 2013.
  27. ↑ SPON: Liberalism: FDP was more tolerant towards pedophiles than previously known. Retrieved September 3, 2013.
  28. ^ Franz Walter, Stephan Klecha: Pedophilia - Distancing Tango in the Pedo Question. In: Frankfurter Allgemeine. August 11, 2013. Retrieved August 23, 2013.
  29. ↑ Christian Teevs: pedophilia allegations: FDP politician withdraws Bundestag candidacy. Spiegel Online from August 10, 2013.
  30. ↑ Personal statement by Dagmar Döring: "I hereby resign my candidacy for constituency 179." August 10, 2013.
  31. ↑ Pedophilia text: FDP politician withdraws candidacy. Zeit Online from August 10, 2013.
  32. ↑ Pedophilia text - Liberals will not run. Welt Online from August 10, 2013.
  33. ↑ http://gruene-berlin.de/sites/gruene-berlin.de/files/benutzer/henriette.kluge/bericht_komm_aufarbeiten_gruene_berlin_.pdf
  34. ↑ 2013: Program ( Memento of the original from September 28, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , 2008: self-portrayal @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.jungdemokrats.de