Rosewood tree

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Rosewood tree
Rosewood tree (Jacaranda mimosifolia)

Rosewood tree ( Jacaranda mimosifolia )

Systematics
Asterids
Euasterids I
Order : Mint family (Lamiales)
Family : Trumpet Family (Bignoniaceae)
Genre : Jacaranda
Type : Rosewood tree
Scientific name
Jacaranda mimosifolia
D. Don

The rosewood tree ( Jacaranda mimosifolia ) is a species of the genus Jacaranda within the trumpet tree family (Bignoniaceae). It comes from South America and is used almost worldwide as an ornamental plant in frost-free areas .

Rosewood is not to be confused as a name for wood from tree species of the genus Dalbergia , which is not related to Jacaranda , but belongs to the legumes (Fabaceae).

description

Illustration from Curtis's Botanical Magazine , Volume 49, 1822 Plate 2327
Bi-pinnate foliage
Detail of an inflorescence with zygomorphic flowers
Habit, leaves and capsule fruits
Capsule fruits and seeds
Leaves and inflorescences
Wooden surface

Appearance and leaf

The rosewood tree grows as a deciduous tree that reaches heights of 5 to 20 meters. Its bark is thin and gray-brown in color. The treetop is rounded.

The mostly opposite arranged on the branches leaves have a length of 15 to 40 centimeters, and are divided into petiole and leaf blade. The double-pinnate leaf blade has a width of 10 to 20 centimeters and more or less opposite mostly 15 to 20 (10 to 30) 5 to 10 centimeters long first-order pinnacles. The unpaired first-order leaflets consist of 15 to 25 leaflets that are opposite to alternate. The sessile leaflets are 3 to 12 millimeters long and 1 to 4 millimeters wide and elongated to elliptical, somewhat asymmetrical with a pointed to pointed upper end that is clearly pointed. The edges of the leaflets are slightly rolled down. The terminal leaflets are longer and long-pointed. There are no stipules .

Inflorescence and flower

The flowering period lasts up to two months. The flowers are arranged in a terminal, paniculate inflorescence . The hermaphrodite flowers are five-fold and zygomorphic with a double flower envelope , up to 5 inches long and 4 inches wide. The five sepals are closely fused bell-shaped. The five blue to purple petals are fused bell-shaped and the throat is white and hairy. There are four stamens in pairs . The two basifixed anthers per stamen open with a longitudinal slit. The Upper constant ovary contains many ovules . The stylus ends in a two-lobed scar.

Fruit and seeds

The leathery, red-brown capsule fruits , woody when ripe, have a diameter of 3 to 6 centimeters in cross-section, circular, flattened, open with two flaps each with a pointed upper end and contain numerous seeds. The seeds are surrounded by a distinct, membranous wing.

Chromosome number

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 36.

Rosewood tree as an avenue tree

Distribution and use as an ornamental plant

The original distribution area of Jacaranda mimosifolia extends from western South America: southern Bolivia to southern South America: northwestern Argentina (Entre Rios, Jujuy, Salta, Tucuman), Paraguay (Alto Paraguay, Cordillera) and Uruguay.

In suitable, subtropical , climatic regions, the rosewood tree is used almost all over the world as an ornamental wood because of its striking purple flowers . Jacaranda mimosifolia is sensitive to the cold, but can cope with short periods of temperatures around −7 ° C. In South Africa ( Swaziland ) and Australia ( Queensland ), for example , this neophyte is even regarded as an invasive plant that endangers biodiversity because of its tendency to grow wild .

Taxonomy

The first description of Jacaranda mimosifolia was in 1822 by David Don in Botanical Register. London , Volume 8, Plate 631. Synonyms for Jacaranda mimosifolia D.Don are: Jacaranda chelonia Griseb. , Jacaranda acutifolia auct. non humb. & Bonpl. , Jacaranda ovalifolia R.Br.

Others

In homeopathy , jacaranda is used for purulent balanitis .

The extract of Jacaranda mimosifolia effective against Bacillus cereus , Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus .

In Australia a Christmas carol connects the flowering time of the rosewood tree (in English Jacaranda or Blue Jacaranda ) with the beginning of the Christmas season:

"... When the bloom of the jacaranda tree is here, Christmas time is near. "

swell

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i A. L. Quirico: Datasheet in the New South Wales Flora Online .
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g M. A. Hyde, Bart Wursten: Jacaranda mimosifolia. 2008: Entry in the Flora of Zimbabwe .
  3. ↑ Jacaranda mimosifolia at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
  4. ^ A b Jacaranda mimosifolia in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved April 9, 2015.
  5. ↑ a b c Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Jacaranda mimosifolia - data sheet at World Checklist of Selected Plant Families of the Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Last accessed on March 3, 2015
  6. ^ Roger Morrison: Handbook of Key Homeopathic Symptoms and Confirmatory Symptoms. Kai Kröger Verlag, 2nd edition. Groß Wittensee 1997, ISBN 3-9801945-5-8 , p. 349.
  7. ↑ Jhon J. Rojas, Veronica J. Ochoa, Saul A. Ocampo, John F. Muñoz: Screening for antimicrobial activity of ten medicinal plants used in Colombian folkloric medicine: A possible alternative in the treatment of non-nosocomial infections . In: BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine . tape 6 , no. 1 , February 2006, ISSN  1472-6882 , p. 2 , doi : 10.1186 / 1472-6882-6-2 .
  8. ↑ lyricsplayground.com .

Web links

Commons : Rosewood tree ( Jacaranda mimosifolia )  - album with pictures, videos and audio files