Dalbergien

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Dalbergien
Dalbergia floribunda

Dalbergia floribunda

Systematics
Eurosiden I
Order : Fabales (Fabales)
Family : Legumes (Fabaceae)
Subfamily : Butterflies (Faboideae)
Tribe : Dalbergieae
Genre : Dalbergien
Scientific name
Dalbergia
L. f.

The Dalbergia , eingedeutscht also dalbergia or rosewoods called, are a genus in the subfamily of the Pea family (Faboideae) within the family of legumes (Fabaceae). The 100 to 300 species are common in the Neotropical and tropical and subtropical areas of Africa and Asia. Since January 2017, the entire genus has been subject to the Washington Convention on Species Protection .

description

Illustration: Structure of the inflorescence of Dalbergia brasiliensis
Young plant of Dalbergia horrida with imparipinnate leaves.
Inflorescences of Dalbergia lanceolaria
Thin, airworthy legumes of Dalbergia lanceolaria
Habit of Dalbergia latifolia
Dalbergia miscolobium , fruits
Dalbergia obovata , fruits
Illustration by Dalbergia sissoo
Dalbergia sissoo

Dalbergia species are woody plants that grow as small to medium-sized trees , shrubs or lianas . The alternately arranged leaves are pinnate unpaired or paired to incorrectly unpaired . The pinnate leaves are mostly alternate on the leaf rhachis , rarely opposite.

Terminal or lateral racemose or paniculate inflorescences are formed. The bracts are just small. The hermaphrodite flowers are zygomorphic and five-fold with a double flower envelope . The sepals are fused to form a bell-shaped calyx with different calyx teeth. The greenish, whitish to purple petals have the typical structure of the butterflies . There are nine to ten stamens that are fused together differently, mostly mona or diadelphic.

The thin, flat and papery to leathery legumes contain one to four seeds, they do not open . The flattened seeds are often kidney-shaped.

ecology

The legumes that do not open and that are spread by the wind serve as diaspores .

The leaves of some Dalbergia species serve as food for the caterpillars of some butterfly species; the species Bucculatrix mendax only eats leaves of the species Dalbergia sissoo .

Systematics and distribution

The genus Dalbergia was set up in 1781 by Carl von Linné the Younger in Supplementum Plantarum , pp. 52–53, 316–317. Type species is Dalbergia lanceolaria L. f. Dalbergia L. f. nom cons. according to the rules of the ICN (Melbourne ICN Art. 14.4 & App. III) against Amerimnon P.Browne nom. rej., Ecastaphyllum P. Brownne nom. rej. and Acouba Aubl. nom. rej. Other synonyms are Coroya Pierre , Triptolemea Mart. , Miscolobium bird .

The genus Dalbergia belongs to the tribe Dalbergieae in the subfamily of the butterflies (Faboideae) within the family of the legumes (Fabaceae).

The genus Dalbergia is represented almost worldwide in the tropics and subtropics. Species occur in Central and South America , Africa with Madagascar and South Asia . There are about 29 species in China, 14 of them only there.

Depending on the author, the genus Dalbergia contains 100 to 120 or up to 300 species. Here is a selection of species (completely from 2005):

The following species are currently no longer assigned to this genus:

Wood from Dalbergia spec.

Usage and protection status

The wood of many species of the genus is a sought-after precious wood . Most of these woods are called rosewood , because of the aromatic scent of one also " rosewood " ( Dalbergia decipularis ), another " violet wood " / royal wood ( Dalbergia cearensis ).

The wood of the Brazilian rosewood or Rio rosewood ( Dalbergia nigra ) is very popular; it is by exploitation become so rare that it in Annex I of the CITES list is kept. Dalbergia latifolia supplies the coveted East Indian rosewood . Dalbergia retusa from Central America supplies a versatile wood with the trade name Cocobolo . The African Dalbergia melanoxylon is one of the heaviest types of wood and is mainly used under the name Grenadill for the construction of high-quality woodwind instruments ( clarinets , oboes ).

Since January 2, 2017, the entire genus Dalbergia, with the exception of Dalbergia nigra, has been listed in CITES Appendix II.

swell

Web links

Commons : Dalbergien ( Dalbergia )  - collection of images, videos and audio files

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ First publication scanned at biodiversitylibrary.org .
  2. ^ Dalbergia at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed January 19, 2014.
  3. ^ A b c d Dalbergia in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
  4. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af Dezhao Chen, Dianxiang Zhang & Kai Larsen: Dalbergieae : Dalbergia , p. 121 - text same online as printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven & Deyuan Hong (Eds.): Flora of China , Volume 10 - Fabaceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 2010. ISBN 978-1-930723-91-7
  5. ↑ Entry in ILDIS - The LegumeWeb , version of the year 2005. Last accessed on January 19, 2014
  6. ↑ a b c d e f g José L. Linares & Mario S. Sousa: Nuevas especies de Dalbergia (leguminosae: papilionoideae: dalbergieae) en México y Centroamérica , In: Ceiba: A Scientific and Technical Journal , ISSN  0008-8692 , Volume 48, Issue 1, 2007, pp. 61-82.
  7. ^ A b Syed Irtifaq Ali: Flora of West Pakistan , Volume 100 - Papilionaceae , Stewart Herbarium, Rawalpindi, 1977: Dalbergia - online at Tropicos.org. from Missouri Botanical Garden.
  8. ↑ Enter Dalbergia in the search mask - Some species in the Wood ABC .
  9. ↑ CITES appendices (as of: January 2, 2017) (pdf) p. 60. Accessed on: February 24, 2017