Dalbergia retusa
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Dalbergia retusa is a plant of the genus dalbergia ( Dalbergia ) in the subfamily of Schmetterlingsblütler (Faboideae) from Central America , of Venezuela , Colombia to southern Mexico . The trade names of the wood of Dalbergia retusa are Cocobolo or Coccobolo , Grenadillo , Nambar or Palo Negro , it is also known as rosewood or salamander wood and coral-rosewood .
Dalbergia granadillo is also known as cocobolo, and it is sometimes very difficult to distinguish between them. As a substitute wood that of the species Platymiscium dimorphandrum is also used.
description
Dalbergia retusa grows as a small to medium-sized tree that reaches heights of 15 to 20 meters. The trunk with dark brown bark grows irregularly and branches out at a low altitude. The treetop is open. The bark is longitudinal and comes off in small plates.
The alternate, stalked leaves are unpaired or incorrectly pinnate. The leathery, shiny and stalked leaflets are egg-shaped to elliptical, lanceolate with a rounded to pointed or partially edged upper end with a length of 2.5 to 12 centimeters.
The axillary or terminal paniculate inflorescences are 4 to 18 centimeters long. The zygomorphic butterfly flowers are white, with a bell-shaped calyx with pointed lobes. There are sloping front and cover sheets .
The up to 13 centimeters long, flat and red-brown legumes do not open , they contain up to five elongated and dark brown, egg-shaped and flattened seeds.
distribution
Dalbergia retusa thrives at altitudes of 50 to 300 meters along the Pacific coast from the Mexican state of Chiapas via Guatemala , El Salvador , Costa Rica and Nicaragua to Panama .
Taxonomy
It was first described in 1878 by the British botanist William Botting Hemsley in Diagnoses Plantarum Novarum ... Mexicanarum, 1, p. 8.
Synonyms are: Amerimnon lineatum (Pittier) Standl. , Amerimnon retusum (Hemsl.) Standl. , Dalbergia hypoleuca Pittier , Dalbergia lineata Pittier , Amerimnon cuscatlanicum Standl. , Dalbergia cuscatlanica (Standl.) Standl. , Dalbergia pacifica Standl. & Steyerm. , Machaerium retusum (Hemsl.) Boivin ex Baill.
There are different varieties:
- Dalbergia retusa var. Retusa
- Dalbergia retusa var. Pacifica (Standl. & Steyerm.) Rudd
- Dalbergia retusa var. Cuscatlanica (Standl.) Rudd
- Dalbergia retusa var. Hypoleuca (Pittier) Rudd
- Dalbergia retusa var. Lineata (Pittier) Rudd
use
The hardwood, cocobolo, comes from two species, Dalbergia retusa being the more desirable.
Freshly cut, the heartwood shows numerous colors from dark orange to deep red. The sapwood, on the other hand, has a delicate shade of yellow. Cocobolo is very hard and difficult to split, but still easy to work with. It is porous and has a slightly wavy grain . The wood is used, for example, for household appliances, tool and knife handles, musical instruments (wind instruments), sticks and brushes . Cocobolo is often used as inlay in high-quality cues. It is also highly valued in sculpture and carving because there is little waste when processing the relatively expensive raw material .
The offer is limited; the use is often not very sustainable . The wood is usually not certified ; the species Dalbergia retusa is listed as endangered by the IUCN International Union for Conservation of Nature . Due to the sharp decline in populations and the steadily growing demand, there are now FSC -certified reforestation projects for Cocobolo.
Wood properties
- Darrdichte : 650-900 kg / m³ (average 800 kg / m³)
- Volume weight : 1000–1100 kg / m³
- Tensile strength : k. A.
- Compressive strength : 71 N / mm²
- Flexural Strength : k. A.
- Brinell hardness : H BII = k. A., H BI = k. A.
- Humidity 12%
Health impairments during processing
The dust can lead to health problems when processing the wood. The oily wood can also trigger allergic reactions if it comes into contact with the skin (for example when working with unprotected hands) . Cocobolo is one of the woods with a high allergy risk.
swell
- WA Marin, EM Flores: Dalbergia retusa Hemsl. In: JA Vozzo, (Ed.): Tropical Tree Seed Manual. USDA Forest Service, Washington DC, Agricultural Handbook Number 721, 2002, Species Descriptions .
Individual evidence
- ^ Edgard O. Espinoza, Michael C. Wiemann, Josefina Barajas-Morales et al .: Forensic Analysis of Cites-Protected Dalbergia Timber from the americas. In: IAWA Journal. 36 (3), 2015, doi: 10.1163 / 22941932-20150102 , online (PDF), Forest Products Laboratory - USDA Forest Service, accessed November 17, 2018.
- ↑ Dalbergia retusa Hemsl., D. granadillo Pittier (Cocobolo) at Delta, accessed on November 17, 2018.
- ↑ Platymiscium dimorphandrum from Useful Tropical Plants, accessed November 17, 2018.
- ^ A b Dalbergia retusa in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved January 22, 2014.
- ↑ Dalbergia retusa at KEW Science, accessed on November 17, 2018.
- ↑ Dalbergia retusa at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis.
- ^ Website of the International Union for Conservation of Nature .
- ↑ Forest Finance
- ↑ Overview of toxicity and allergy potential of various woods from Wood Database, accessed on April 13, 2017 (English).
Web links
- Dalbergia retusa in the endangered Red List species the IUCN 2013. Posted by: World Conservation Monitoring Center, 1998. Accessed September 13, 2013.
- Dalbergia retusa at Useful Tropical Plants, accessed November 17, 2018.