Paluta Badunowa

Paluta Badunowa (at the Gdansk conference in 1923)

Paluta (Pelageja-Polina) Alexandrovna Badunowa ( Russian Полута (Пелагея-Полина) Александровна Бодунова , Belarusian Палута Аляксандраўна Бадунова * 1885 in Nowobeliza , Gomel , Mogilev Governorate ; † 29. November 1938 in Minsk ) was a Russian - Belarusian teacher and politician .

Life

Badunowa came from a middle-class family with seven children. At the age of 20, she completed her training as a private tutor for Russian and geography at the Buinitschi University of Education near Mogiljow . She then taught in rural schools in the Gomel district.

In 1917 Badunova began studying in Petrograd , taking part in the Higher Historical - Literary Courses for Women. She became a member of the Belarusian Socialist Hramada (BSG). She got to know Tomasch Grib , with whom she stayed in close contact. After the February Revolution of 1917 , she was elected to the Petrograd Soviet . In the summer of 1917 she returned to her homeland to support the Belarusian liberation movement. In the autumn of 1917 the Great Belarusian Rada met, and Badunova was given its leadership. When preparing the First All-Belarusian Congress in Minsk in December 1917 , she dealt with the problems of refugees and war invalids . When the work of the Congress was interrupted by the Bolsheviks , the opposition MPs went underground.

After the failure of the Brest negotiations with the German government and the withdrawal of the Bolsheviks from Minsk, the provisional government of Belarus , the People's Secretariat , was formed there , in which Badunova was the only woman responsible for welfare . As a member of the government, she was one of the founders of the Belarusian People's Republic . As a result of the dispute over contacts with the German government, the BSG split into three parties in 1918. Badunova joined the Belarusian Social Revolutionary Party and became its secretary of the Central Committee. The new party represented the interests of the peasants and proletarians and demanded national sovereignty and the nationalization of landed property and industrial enterprises. Their slogan was the fight against both Germany and the Bolsheviks, who wanted to unite the Vilnius and Mogilev Governments into a Lithuanian-Belarusian Soviet Socialist Republic and join the RSFSR .

Badunowa was a member of the Rada of the Belarusian People's Republic now in Vilna . During the Polish-Soviet war , Vilna was occupied by the Polish army. When the Rada rejected the annexation of Grodno and Vilna to Poland, the Polish authorities dissolved the Rada in 1919 and arrested its praesidium including Lastowski , Badunowa, Tomasch Grib and Mamonko . After her release, Badunowa fled to Lithuania because the Belorussian Social Revolutionary Party was not allowed in either the Polish-occupied territories or the Soviet territories.

After the Soviet successes against Poland, a Belarusian special delegation headed by Badunova traveled to Moscow to negotiate in vain about Belarusian independence. After the proclamation of the Belarusian Soviet Socialist Republic in Minsk in July 1920, Badunova and other activists were arrested by the Cheka . Only through the intercession of the Belarusian People's Commissar Alexander Chervyakov was she released after six months with permission to return to Minsk. Since she was unable to work politically as a Social Revolutionary, she decided to emigrate . In 1923 she crossed the Polish border illegally, and after three months she reached Prague .

As a result of the conflicts among the political emigrants in Prague, including Tomasch Grib, Badunova returned to Minsk in 1926 and lived in Gomel from 1930, where she remained under surveillance. In 1932 she applied in vain to the International Red Aid for assistance in emigration. In 1937 she was arrested after open criticism and sentenced to 10 years in a labor camp. But after only 6 months in Minsk prison, she was sentenced to death by shooting because of anti-Soviet underground activities.

Web links

Commons : Paluta Badunowa  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g} Валентина Лебедева: Полута Бодунова . 13th edition. Деды: дайджест публикаций о беларуской истории, Minsk 2014, p. 156-166 .
2. ↑ Badunova Paluta (accessed December 30, 2016).
3. ↑ Per Anders Rudling: The Rise and Fall of Belarusian Nationalism, 1906-1931 . University of Pittsburgh Press, 2015.