Pankratius Chapel (Altwiesloch)
The Pankratius Chapel in Altwiesloch , a district of Wiesloch in the Rhein-Neckar district in Baden-Württemberg , is a historic church building, the oldest parts of which probably date from the 14th century.
history
The chapel was probably built in the 14th century outside the Altwiesloch moated castle , after which the old castle chapel inside the castle was converted into an archive. The patronage right of the castle chapel belonged to the Schönau monastery and was transferred to the new chapel. The oldest part of the chapel is the side chapel, which is now used as a sacristy , which shows the coat of arms of the Lords of Ehrenberg in the vaulted stone and was later built over with a small tower. The Bishop of Speyer, Gerhard von Ehrenberg (in office from 1336 to 1363), or another member of the then influential noble family, who sat as Burgmann zu Altwiesloch , could be the client for the construction . By Black-Reinhard of Sickingen , the castle and place Altwiesloch had from 1405, the chapel to today was choir enhanced the in keystone and Konsolsteinen the arms black Reinhard and his relatives from the families of Lords of Niefern , the fork Obrigheim and the Lords of Neipperg shows. The furnishing of the chapel with three altars and associated benefices goes back to Schwarz-Reinhard in 1428 .
The structure of the choir still had a lavatory bay in the 19th century . From the tower-like superstructures and the lavatory, one concludes that the building could have been the residential tower of a noble family for a time, if not its origins in a noble residence.
Under Schwarz-Reinhard's son-in-law, Reinhard von Neipperg, the chapel was raised to a parish church. At the latest under the von Neipperg family, a nave was built and the choir and side chapel painted. The St. Pankratius church was probably only rarely used after the Reformation in the Electoral Palatinate in 1556.
The nave was destroyed in the 17th century, in the Thirty Years' War or in the subsequent War of the Palatinate Succession , but remained in ruins. Catholic services were held in the choir around 1700. When the Palatinate church was divided in 1705, the Reformed community was awarded the chapel and used it for funeral services. In 1764 the Catholic community obtained another use of the chapel. In that year, at the request of Pastor Petri, the tower on the side chapel was also renewed, and in the following year new baroque furnishings were acquired. 1801 founded one of the former Ganerben Altwieslochs, Colonel Freiherr von Leoprechting, a chapel fund for maintenance of the building. In 1870 the choir was renovated and in 1873 an old organ from Malschenberg was taken over .
Around 1900 there were plans to build a fire brigade syringe house in place of the ruined nave. In 1906, however, the Catholic parish bought the property and planned to build a children's school there. The grand-ducal curator of the ecclesiastical monuments of art and antiquity, Prof. Sauer, spoke out against the building project in a report of January 24, 1912. He emphasized the “picturesque effect” of the “Idyll” “in the midst of the consistently stylish, if not to say ugly, modern houses” and also raised objections from the building authorities, so that the building plans were discarded and the ruin overgrown with ivy was preserved. In 1921, the Wiesloch municipal council finally requested the demolition of the entire dilapidated chapel, which the Wiesloch district office objected to. The necessary security costs were taken over by the Baden Minister for Culture and Education.
In 1931 the old frescoes in the choir and side chapel were exposed. After a woman attending a church service claims to have observed how the Jesus depicted on the altarpiece raised his eyes in 1933, pilgrimages to the chapel took place at times. A church report has stopped the supposed miracle.
From 1972 to 1974 the chapel was restored, with a new nave according to plans by the building director Manfred Schmitt-Fiebig .
description
architecture
The Pankratius band is a single-church with attached east square chorus , of which a passage for the angle of the nave and choir located, with a tower with a roof turret superstructure and also nearly square Sakristei leads. The oldest component is the sacristy from the 14th century, followed by the choir from the early 15th century, the tower structure of the sacristy from 1764 and finally the nave from 1972. The concrete nave has a floor area of about 10 × 12 meters and was planned in such a way that its longitudinal walls are flush with the outer walls of the choir and sacristy. The destroyed predecessor structure was narrower and only had the dimensions of about 10 × 6 meters.
The choir opens to the nave with a Gothic sandstone arch. The choir and sacristy are spanned by ribbed vaults, the keystones of which show the coats of arms of the respective builders (Ehrenberg in the sacristy, Sickingen in the choir). The consoles of the choir vault show further coats of arms, namely that of Schwarz-Reinhard von Sickingen and that of his two wives (Obrigheim, Niefern) and his son-in-law (Neipperg).
Murals
The painting on the walls and ceiling of the choir dates from the time of the Soft Style around 1430. To the left of the choir window, Christ is depicted as the Man of Sorrows , adored by two kneeling donors, probably Schwarz-Reinhard von Sickingen and one of his wives. On the opposite side, a protective cloak Madonna is shown. There are evangelist symbols in the vault . The scenery is complemented by countless angels and stars. The painting is attributed to the circle of the master of the Frankfurter Paradiesgärtlein or Stefan Lochner .
The painting in the sacristy dates from after 1500 and is on layers of plaster over the old consecration crosses . In the sacristy, mainly saints are depicted, including St. Barbara with tower and St. Laurentius.
Furnishing
The altar in the choir dates from around 1765. The altar table has a large-format painting of the Entombment of Christ , which was restored in 1932/33 and which a little later gave rise to pilgrimages to the church due to the supposed miracle. The altar structure consists of two silver-plated reliefs with depictions of the Last Supper and the Emmaus scene on either side of a small crucifixion painting on the tabernacle door. Further furnishings include a crucifixion group and figures of St. Sebastian and St. Wendelin also from around 1765. A Madonna figure and a St. Pankratius were subsequently procured around 1900. The Romanesque baptismal font in the choir probably still comes from the old castle chapel and was temporarily in the Wiesloch local history museum in the 1960s and 1970s.
Valentin Peter Feuerstein created the church's stained glass windows in 1972 . They show motifs from the life of the church patron Pankratius as well as scenes from the life of Jesus and with the biblical motif of the vine and the vintner patron Urban as well as the mining saint Barbara also create an arc to the local history of Wiesloch.
Inside and on the outside wall of the church are numerous historical grave slabs of the former local rule Sturmfeder von Oppenweiler and clergymen. The important grave slabs inside include those of Friedrich Sturmfeder from 1521 in the floor of the choir and those of the priest Wilhelm König from 1526.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Walther 2000, pp. 69-72.
- ↑ Hildebrandt, Urkunden 2001, p. 137, No. W190.
- ↑ Ludwig H. Hildebrandt: Archival news, buildings and archaeological finds from Altwiesloch Castle , in: Wiesloch - Contributions to History , Volume 2, Unstadt-Weiher 2001, p. 84.
- ↑ Hochwarth in church brochure 1973, p. 12
- ↑ Hochwarth in church brochure 1973, p. 14.
- ↑ a b c d Hermann 2005, p. 26.
- ↑ Hochwarth in church brochure 1973, pp. 15/16.
- ↑ Hermann 2005, p. 32.
literature
- Adolf von Oechelhäuser : The art monuments of the districts of Sinsheim, Eppingen and Wiesloch (Heidelberg district) , Tübingen 1909, pp. 217-218.
- Catholic Parish Office St. Laurentius Wiesloch: Pankratius Chapel Altwiesloch , Wiesloch 1973
- Artur Hochwarth: The building history of the Pankratius Church in Altwiesloch , in: Kraichgau. Contributions to landscape and local research , volume 7, 1981, pp. 169–176.
- Helmut Walther: Altwiesloch from the 13th to the beginning of the 19th century , in: Wiesloch - Contributions to History, Volume 1 , Unstadt-Weiher 2000, about the chapel, pp. 65–94.
- Ludwig H. Hildebrandt: Medieval documents about Wiesloch and Walldorf , Ubstadt-Weiher 2001.
- Manfred Hermann: Catholic parish church St. Laurentius Wiesloch (with Pankratius chapel Altwiesloch), Lindenberg 2005
Web links
Coordinates: 49 ° 17 ′ 54.7 " N , 8 ° 42 ′ 41.8" E