Altwiesloch moated castle

Altwiesloch moated castle
newer courtyard buildings above the foundation walls of the castle (1982)
Creation time :	around 1150
Castle type :	Niederungsburg
Conservation status:	Burgstall
Standing position :	Nobles, counts
Place:	Wiesloch - Altwiesloch
Geographical location	49 ° 17 '52.5 "  N , 8 ° 42' 45.5"  E Coordinates: 49 ° 17 '52.5 "  N , 8 ° 42' 45.5"  E
Height:	130  m above sea level NN

The moated castle Altwiesloch is an abandoned moated castle on the site of today's castle courtyard in the Altwiesloch district of Wiesloch in the Rhein-Neckar district in Baden-Württemberg .

history

The castle was built around 1150. Like the castles in Wiesloch , Nussloch and Rauenberg , it probably served to protect mines and smelting facilities in the immediate vicinity. The noble gentlemen of Wiesloch come into consideration as builders , but their castle cannot be reliably localized in the archives. In any case, the castle came into the possession of the Lords of Weinsberg long before 1250 , who pledged and sold the castle and village of Altwiesloch in several steps in 1269 and 1277 to the Electoral Palatinate . The Count Palatine initially left the right of patronage over the castle chapel to the notary Berthold von Wittelshofen and, after his death in 1293, to the Schönau monastery .

In the 14th century there was no reliable information about Altwiesloch and its castle. Altwiesloch is possibly identical to the village of Vitzenloch , which was owned by the Herrenalb monastery from 1295 onwards . The sale was approved by Rudolf von Roßwag, the gentlemen von Roßwag were related to the noble gentlemen von Wiesloch. The change of ownership to the northern Black Forest could also explain the lack of documents at that time.

In 1405 the castle and town were pledged by the Electoral Palatinate to Schwarz-Reinhard von Sickingen . When the Palatinate was divided in 1410, the castle and town of Altwiesloch came together with Wiesloch to Otto I. von Pfalz-Mosbach , who finally sold the Altwiesloch property to Sickingen in 1414. Then in 1439 the property passed to Schwarz-Reinhard's son-in-law Reinhard von Neipperg. After other lords of Neipperg and the death of Engelhard von Neipperg in 1495, the property came from his widow to Messrs. Sturmfeder von Oppenweiler and , when they died out in 1552, to Messrs. Von Nippenburg . After the death of Georg von Nippenburg in 1571, the property was divided into four parts by the Nippenburg inheritance division, whereby the castle was also divided into two halves. Hans Jörg von Frauenburg, who was married to Maria von Nippenburg, had another manor house , today's town house , built to the west of the castle around 1575 . In the 17th century there were numerous changes of ownership, so that at the end of the 17th century ownership of the castle was with the Lords of Bettendorff . Via the wedding of a Bettendorff daughter in the first half of the 19th century, the castle came to the Counts of Sparre-Croneberg, who sold the property to middle-class families shortly before 1850.

A castle chapel was built to the south of the residential tower . After the Pankratius chapel was built outside the castle, the castle chapel was probably given up in the 14th century and used as an archive.

In the 18th century the castle began to deteriorate. When Fredegar Mone described the castle in the first half of the 19th century, the northern extensions of the residential tower had already been demolished and a wide crack was being drawn through the masonry of the residential tower. When an opening for a horse stable was to be broken into the masonry of the residential tower in 1888, the building collapsed on April 6, 1888. A still preserved gate tower was dismantled in 1898. A major fire in the courtyard in 1926 destroyed further remains of the castle.

The castle courtyard still tells of the former castle complex . The building in its southwest corner was built on the foundation walls of the former residential tower of the castle, in the gardens by the castle courtyard there are other remains of the wall.

description

The castle in Altwiesloch was an almost rectangular complex with a castle area of ​​about 80 × 45 meters, which was built on an artificially raised hill or a spur and surrounded by a moat . The moat was fed by a spring on the northeastern edge. Due to alluvial water from the northern mining area and leveling after the castle was torn down, nothing of the original topographical situation can be seen.

Access was via a bridge in the north of the facility (from today's Dielheimer Strasse ) through the gate tower into the inner courtyard. The gate tower was flanked left and right by residential buildings. In the west of the complex was the residential tower , which had extensions to the south and north, including the castle chapel, which was later used as an archive, in the south . The eastern flank of the complex was formed by barns with stables, and farm buildings also extended to the south. The entire complex was walled, some old pictures indicate additional corner towers.

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Walther 2000, p. 67.
2. ↑ Hildebrandt 2001, p. 88.
3. ↑ Hildebrandt 2001, p. 83.
4. ↑ Ludwig H. Hildebrandt, quoted from Hermann 2005, p. 25.
5. ↑ Hildebrandt 2001, p. 83 and note 6, p. 89.
6. ↑ Walther 2000, pp. 75-83.
7. ↑ Walther 2000, p. 69.
8. ^ Generallandesarchiv Karlsruhe N / Mone 59 (Fredegar Mone estate).
9. ↑ Wiesloch Week from May 14th and 21st, 1954: Micheline, he brockelt , report on the collapse of the Altwiesloch residential tower.
10. ↑ Walther 2000, p. 67.
11. ↑ Hildebrandt 2001, p. 86.
12. ↑ Walther 2000, p. 68.
13. ↑ Hildebrandt 2001, p. 86.
14. ↑ Hildebrandt 2001, p. 86.
15. ↑ Walther 2000, p. 68.

literature

• Adolf von Oechelhäuser : The art monuments of the districts of Sinsheim, Eppingen and Wiesloch (Heidelberg district) , Tübingen 1909, pp. 217-218.
• Hartmut Riehl: Castles and palaces in the Kraichgau . 2nd edition, Verlag Regionalkultur, Ubstadt-Weiher 1998, ISBN 3-929366-51-7 , p. 24.
• Ludwig H. Hildebrandt: New finds from the area of ​​the Alt-Wiesloch castle . In: Kraichgau. Contributions to landscape and local research , volume 16, 1999, pp. 261–272.
• Helmut Walther: Altwiesloch from the 13th to the beginning of the 19th century , in: Wiesloch - Contributions to History, Volume 1 , Ubstadt-Weiher 2000, about the castle, pp. 67–69.
• Ludwig H. Hildebrandt: Archival news, buildings and archaeological finds from Altwiesloch Castle , in: Wiesloch - Contributions to History, Volume 2 , Ubstadt-Weiher 2001, pp. 83–90.
• Manfred Hermann: Cat. Stadtpfarrkirche St. Laurentius Wiesloch , Lindenberg 2005 (with Pankratiuskapelle Altwiesloch)

Web links

Commons : Burg Alt-Wiesloch  - Collection of images, videos and audio files