Schauenburg (Dossenheim)

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Schauenburg Castle
Aerial view from the south

Aerial view from the south

Alternative name (s): Neu-Schauenburg
Creation time : 1100 to 1200
Castle type : Höhenburg, spur location
Conservation status: ruin
Standing position : Nobles, counts
Place: Dossenheim
Geographical location 49 ° 27 '32 "  N , 8 ° 40' 46"  E Coordinates: 49 ° 27 '32 "  N , 8 ° 40' 46"  E
Height: 275  m above sea level NN
Schauenburg (Baden-Wuerttemberg)
Schauenburg

The Schauenburg , including New Schauenburg mentioned, which is ruin a Spur castle east of the municipality of Dossenheim in the Rhine-Neckar region in Baden-Württemberg . The remains of the former hilltop castle are located at around 275 meters above sea level on the southern foothills of the Mount of Olives .

history

The castle was built in the first half of the 12th century by the noble freemen from Schauenburg, who were first mentioned in 1130 and were descended from the Hessons . The family died out in the late 13th century, but the castle was still used as such and expanded in the middle of the 14th century.

The wall hexagon was presumably a seat of the lower nobility, which arose as a function of the Schauenburg. The multiple castle complex of the wrongly called Kronenburg (actually near Dossenheim ) is mentioned in connection with the Schauenburg. Assumptions that it was a predecessor of the Schauenburg could not be substantiated.

In 1460 the castle was besieged by Elector Friedrich I during the Palatinate-Mainz War for five days and razed after the handover. As early as 1750, the chronicler Wickenburg reported that he saw nothing but small masonry and ditches on Burgplatz .

Safety work has been carried out by the “Arbeitsgemeinschaft Schauenburg” since 1982.

investment

Only a few foundation walls of the circular wall , shield wall , keep (area: 10 × 10 meters), residential and farm buildings of the upper castle , as well as bridge piers of the access to the outer castle and part of the neck ditch are still preserved of the former castle complex .

The remains of a kennel complex can be seen around the irregular oval of the core castle , which expanded down into the valley to form an outer castle. A second outer wall that was laid before was secured by a protruding square tower. The curtain wall was reinforced here to form a shield wall. Today you enter the facility on the west side, where there is a display board, but the main gate was in the northeast of the facility. This “real” access has been accessible again since 2009, a wooden bridge was built over the moat and the path was secured.

Similar to the main tower of Zwingenberg Castle, the strong keep is set in the northern corner of the shield wall, which is broken at right angles. The rather slim tower also had a square floor plan.

The plan of the largest building in the main castle has been preserved. It took up an area of ​​20 × 8 m and is thus reminiscent of a hall. A toilet tower and finds of floor tiles and bricks indicate more comfortable furnishings. Fragments of the window capitals and columns have been preserved, showing simple Romanesque forms.

The castle complex was threatened by some quarries in which porphyry was quarried until the early 20th century ; they were driven to the surrounding walls. Parts of the outer bailey in the southeast were demolished at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries.

  • Pictures of the Schauenburg near Dossenheim

  • View over the neck ditch to the castle

  • Western end of the northern enclosure wall

  • Today's western entrance area between the outer and main castle with the Burgmannenhaus in the background

  • South wall with the so-called "shell tower"

  • View from the keep towards the southwest

  • Aerial view

literature

  • Christian Burkhart: "The ruins of Schauenburg near Dossenheim ad Bergstrasse. History - Decay - Preservation. In: Burgen und Schlösser , magazine of the German Burgenvereinigung eV for castle history and monument preservation, vol. 35, issue 2. Braubach 1994. pp. 65–76.
  • Ders .: the ruins of the Schauenburg near Dossenheim. How to deal with an outstanding historical record on Baden's Bergstrasse in the 19th and 20th centuries. In: Mannheimer Geschichtsblätter , New Series, Vol. 3 (1996). Sigmaringen 1996. pp. 69-138.
  • Ders .: New findings on the building history of the Schauenburg ruins, Gde. Dossenheim, Rhein-Neckar-Kreis. In: Archaeological excavations in Baden-Württemberg 2001 . Stuttgart 2002. pp. 242-246.
  • Dietrich Lutz: Construction-accompanying observations on the ruins of Schauenburg, Gde. Dossenheim, Rhein-Neckar-Kreis. In: Archäologische Ausgrabungen in Baden-Württemberg 1994. Stuttgart 1995. pp. 269–273.
  • Adolf von Oechelhaeuser (arrangement): The art monuments of the Heidelberg district (Heidelberg district) . (The Art Monuments of the Grand Duchy of Baden, Volume Eight, Second Section), pp. 26–28. Tubingen, 1913
  • Karl Friedrich Schimper: Castles and palaces in the Rhine-Neckar triangle. Everything you need to know about the 128 castle complexes in North Baden, South Hesse and the Upper Palatinate . Schimper, Schwetzingen 1994. ISBN 3-87742-151-2
  • Thomas Steinmetz: Castles in the Odenwald. Verlag Ellen Schmid, Brensbach 1998, ISBN 3-931529-02-9 , p. 67f.
  • Thomas Steinmetz: A view of a castle from Philipp Mönch's war book of 1496 - The Schauenburg near Dossenheim? In: The Odenwald. Zeitschrift des Breuberg-Bundes 29/1, 1982, pp. 22-26.

Web links

Commons : Schauenburg  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files
Wikisource: The Schauenburg near Dossenheim an der Bergstrasse  - text from “Die Gartenlaube”, Issue 16, pp. 513, 515

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Thomas Steinmetz: Castles in the Odenwald. Brensbach 1998, p. 67.