Hochhausen Castle

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Hochhausen Castle, view in west direction

Hochhausen Castle is a baroque castle built in 1752 that emerged from a medieval castle. It is located on the left slope of the Neckar in the village of Hochhausen in the Neckar-Odenwald district in Baden-Württemberg . The castle is inhabited and is run as a pension.

history

In 1228, in an episcopal Speyer document, Volknand von Hochhausen was the first to name a local nobleman. It has not yet been clarified whether the aristocratic seat was already on the site of today's castle, or about 1400 m further south, on the very well-preserved castle stables in the “Burgstädtle” corridor.

Hochhausen Castle, view in northeast direction, facade with arched frieze

The core of today's castle goes back at least to the 15th century, as the arched frieze on the garden side speaks for. A castle in Hochhausen was first mentioned in writing in 1499, in a document from the Horneck von Hornberg zu Hochhausen family, who had received the place as a fief from the Weißenburg monastery in the 14th century at the latest . Members of this family were known in the late Middle Ages as "feud entrepreneurs" who were involved in a large number of armed conflicts.

Weissenburg Monastery became impoverished over time and was merged with the Speyer Monastery in 1545/46 . For this reason, the Speyer bishops became the new feudal lords in the place, although the Hochhausener line of the Horneck von Hornberg - and thus the majority of their subjects - had recently converted to the Lutheran faith. When the Protestant line to Hochhausen died out in 1740, the place passed to the Bavarian branch of the family, which had returned to the Catholic faith. The denominational disputes with the Protestant majority of the population in the Notburgakirche in Hochhausen up to the tearing out of the side altars and the painting over of paintings, but also the relatively low income that could be earned on site, persuaded the family to sell, with which the Hochstift Speyer took back the fief in 1748. In order to make the blood jurisdiction associated with the local rule clear, the Bishop of Speyer had a gallows built after taking over the place. This was probably the name given to the corridor "Blutbaum", which lies above the village on the edge of the forest on the way to Kälbertshausen .

In the years around 1750 Damian Hugo von Helmstatt (1719–1782) and his brother Johann Ferdinand Josef von Helmstatt (1727–1803) exchanged their property in Oberöwisheim, which had been badly damaged by multiple war effects, for the fief in Hochhausen. In this way, an old process between the Lords of Helmstatt and the cathedral chapter of Speyer could be settled, in which there was a dispute about the size and type of the mill ban in Oberöwisheim. The lords of Helmstatt were an old noble family from Kraichgau that provided several bishops of Speyer from the end of the 14th to the beginning of the 16th century.

The marriage coat of arms of Damian Hugo von Helmstatt and Isabella von Knöringen in Hochhausen Castle, which documents the baroque renovation of 1752

In 1752 the palace was redesigned in Baroque style, as can be seen from the marriage arms of Damian Hugo von Helmstatt and Isabella von Knöringen on the former entrance portal. Damian Hugo's eldest son Franz Ludwig von Helmstatt (1752–1841) was born in Hochhausen and thus founded the Hochhausener line of the Helmstatt family. In 1773 he was adopted by the childless Count Bleickart Maximilian Augustin, the representative of the Lorraine branch of the Lords of Helmstatt, as a result of which the title of count passed to the Hochhausener Ast. In 1815 he built the Catholic church, located approx. 400 m southwest of the castle, in which the family burial place is also located. Raban (1844–1932) added the two-story entrance hall in 1895 by shortening the courtyard. The von Helmstatt family has run the castle as a guesthouse since the 1950s.

location

The facility is located on a low spur facing north, approx. 165 m above sea level. NN, about 130 m south-west and about 20 m above the Neckar, bounded by the Neckar valley in the north-east and the vertically sloping slope of the chapel valley in the north-west, in which the village of Hochhausen is located. The outermost (northern) area of ​​the terrain spur is formed by a forecourt, which is bordered to the south-west by the castle and to the south-east by a four-sided courtyard . A near-natural, small park or garden connects to the two buildings parallel to the slope, approx. 110 m along the two valleys.

description

The two-storey three-wing complex covers an area of ​​approx. 40 × 30 m. The main courtyard opens onto the Neckar. The overall impression of the palace is determined by the alterations made in 1752 in a restrained baroque style, in particular by the regular window sequence with uniformly designed arched windows. In places, pre-baroque elements can still be found, such as B. the two-story corner bay facing north. On the garden side, a round arch frieze has been preserved from the medieval castle. On this side of the building, the original defensive character is also reflected in the wall thickness, which is up to 2 m. The irregular floor plan is also evidence of the building's medieval origins. The vestibule , built in 1895 and extending over both floors, is entered through the main portal in the courtyard . A wide staircase leads from here to a circumferential on three sides upstairs gallery, the hallways and rooms to the piano nobile connect. The rooms of the castle are largely modernized.

literature

  • Konrad Dussel (Ed.): Haßmersheim. The history of the Schiffergemeinde and its districts Hochhausen and Neckarmühlbach. regional culture publisher, Heidelberg / Ubstadt-Weiher / Weil am Rhein / Basel 2013, ISBN 978-3-89735-786-0 .

Web links

Commons : Schloss Hochhausen  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Konrad Dussel (Ed.): Haßmersheim. The history of the Schiffergemeinde and its districts Hochhausen and Neckarmühlbach. Verlag regionalkultur, Heidelberg et al. 2013, ISBN 978-3-89735-786-0 , p. 20.
  2. ^ A b Landesarchivdirektion Baden-Württemberg in connection with the Neckar-Odenwald-Kreis (Hrsg.): The Neckar-Odenwald-Kreis. Volume 1. Jan Thorbecke Verlag, Sigmaringen 1992, p. 889.
  3. ↑ Frank Buchali and Marco Keller: Hochhausen, Burgstall-Der Bergsporn reminds of a forgotten castle 2010, p. 6, accessed on April 19, 2014 (PDF; 732 kB).
  4. ↑ a b c Konrad Dussel (Ed.): Haßmersheim. The history of the Schiffergemeinde and its districts Hochhausen and Neckarmühlbach. Verlag regionalkultur, Heidelberg et al. 2013, ISBN 978-3-89735-786-0 , p. 42.
  5. ^ Landesarchiv Baden-Württemberg, Department General State Archives Karlsruhe 4-1743373 / Ludwig Horneck von Hornberg; Anselm von Eicholzheim, Vogt zu Mosbach: Ludwig Horneck von Hornberg sells for 1,000 guilders rhine. his brother Bartholomes Horneck von Hornberg took half of his part in the castle and village of Hochhausen together with the church set there, as well as in Kälbertshausen and Hasmersheim. ( landesarchiv-bw.de accessed on April 20, 2014).
  6. ^ Hermann Ehmer: Horneck von Hornberg. Robber barons or victims of princely politics? In: Kurt Andermann (ed.). “Robber barons” or “righteous nobility”? Aspects of Politics, Peace and Law in the Late Middle Ages. Jan Thorbecke Verlag, Sigmaringen 1997 (= Upper Rhine Studies. Volume 14), pp. 65–88.
  7. ↑ Konrad Dussel (Ed.): Haßmersheim. The history of the Schiffergemeinde and its districts Hochhausen and Neckarmühlbach. Verlag regionalkultur, Heidelberg et al. 2013, ISBN 978-3-89735-786-0 , pp. 21 and 41.
  8. ^ Miedel: The new edition of Krieger's Topographical Dictionary of the Grand Duchy of Baden. In: Alemannia. Journal for Alemannic and Franconian history, folklore, art and language . 7, No. 4, 1906-1907, p. 302 ( archive.org ).
  9. ↑ Geoportal spatial planning in Baden-Württemberg. (Map excerpt) , accessed April 20, 2014.
  10. ^ Heinz Erich Walter: The local book of Oberöwisheim. Walter-Verlag, Ludwigsburg 1973, pp. 131 and 137.
  11. ^ Gerhard Fouquet: Imperial Church and Nobility. Causes and mechanisms of the rise of the Kraichgau lower nobility family v. Helmstatt in the Speyer cathedral chapter at the beginning of the 15th century. In: Journal for the history of the Upper Rhine. No. 129 1981, pp. 189-233.
  12. ↑ Hermann Stein: Origin and history of the (Neckar) Bischofsheimer main line of the Lords of Helmstatt. Their tombs and their buildings. Sinsheim 1992, ISBN 3-921214-26-2 , p. 17.
  13. ↑ Konrad Dussel (Ed.): Haßmersheim. The history of the Schiffergemeinde and its districts Hochhausen and Neckarmühlbach. Verlag regionalkultur, Heidelberg et al. 2013, ISBN 978-3-89735-786-0 , pp. 42–44.

Coordinates: 49 ° 19 '24  .4 " N , 9 ° 6' 17.4"  E