Breuberg Castle

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Breuberg Castle
Breuberg Castle, main castle and gate building

Breuberg Castle, main castle and gate building

Creation time : shortly after 1200
Castle type : Hilltop castle
Conservation status: Received or received substantial parts
Standing position : Noble Free
Place: Neustadt (Breuberg)
Geographical location 49 ° 49 '13 "  N , 9 ° 2' 24"  E Coordinates: 49 ° 49 '13 "  N , 9 ° 2' 24"  E
Height: 306  m above sea level NHN
Breuberg Castle (Hesse)
Breuberg Castle
Breuberg Castle in summer 2006, view from the southeast

The Burg Breuberg stands on the castle hill of the city of Breuberg in Odenwaldkreis . Due to its good state of preservation, it is one of the most impressive castles in southern Hesse and in the Odenwald . The history of the original Hohenstaufen castle was shaped by the shared ownership of various, sometimes denominationally different, noble families after the Lords of Breuberg died out . It formed the center of the Breuberg rule and was used at times as a residence. Large parts of the substance of this era have been preserved, of which the Gothic and Renaissance buildings are particularly important. The castle is well known in the region as a youth hostel as well as the seat and museum of the Breuberg Association , which promotes historical research in the Odenwald.

Geographical location

The Höhenburg stands in the Hessian and thus northern part of the Odenwald on the 306 m high Breuberg , immediately north or above Neustadt , a district of Breuberg. It rises above the Mümling , which flows around the steeply sloping Zeugenberg in a wide left-hand curve in a west-north direction and then flows into the Main after about nine kilometers. The castle is located in the sandstone Odenwald , most of the stone buildings were built accordingly from the local sandstone .

The castle is connected to the ridge to the north by a narrow saddle. There was the Alte Frankfurter Straße , a medieval trade route that was already used in Roman times. Terraces of vineyards that have been fallow since the 19th century can still be seen on the southern mountain slope. Together with the mountainside and the hilltop castle, they form a cultural monument as a whole .

In the immediate vicinity of Breuberg Castle, there are often small castles in the valley, which are mostly attributed to low-nobility Burgmann families. These are: Dorndiel Castle , the defunct Waldamorbach am Geldloch Castle , the so-called Bacheburg (remnants of the former moated castle in the Neustädter Hof district of Obernburg between Mömlingen and Eisenbach , which had a predecessor castle on the Schneirersbuckel only approx. 100 meters further south-west that had long been destroyed and defunct ), the castle on the Ölenbuckel of the Obernburg district of Eisenbach (which also had a previous castle ) and the so-called Mühlhäuser Schlößchen .

History of the castle

middle Ages

Like the Veste Otzberg , Breuberg Castle was probably founded around or shortly after 1200 by the imperial abbey of Fulda under Abbot Markward I , in order to secure property in the Odenwald, such as the Höchst monastery . The bailiwick was owned by the locally wealthy noblemen of Lützelbach, who then called themselves Lords of Breuberg (also Reiz von Breuberg ). Her ancestral castle was previously believed to be near the Lützelbach church. In 2001 the discovery of a strong foundation when digging pipe trenches showed that this assumption is probably correct ( Lützelbach Castle ). Conradus Reiz de Lucelenbach was first mentioned in 1189 , later in 1222 a Conrad II , the presumed son of the builder, as Konrad Reizo von Bruberc.

Only the keep and the late Romanesque portal of the main castle can be dated to the earliest construction phase of the castle . Residential buildings from this time have not survived, although individual walls from earlier buildings could be built in the buildings of the core castle.

Already in 1323 the Breuberg family died with Eberhard III. from Breuberg in the male line. Half of the property went to Konrad von Trimberg , a quarter each to the Counts of Wertheim and the Lords of Weinsberg . The fragmentation of the property becomes clear in the complicated ownership structure of the following time: In 1336 three quarters of the castle belonged to Wertheim, Trimberg and the Lords of Eppstein each held an eighth. In 1337 a partition agreement was signed, in which it was recorded which party owned which parts of the castle and who had to maintain them. Essential parts such as the well were maintained jointly.

The castle played an important role in territorial policy from Wertheim's side, which is why the counts endeavored to gradually acquire it in full. But it was not until 1497 under Count Michael II that this succeeded with the purchase of the last stake. A little more than 50 years, between 1497 and 1556, the Counts of Wertheim owned the castle completely. Many construction measures fall during this time, in particular the adaptation of the attachment to the firearms with the construction of the gun turrets and the cannon platform (Schütt) . New buildings were erected in the castle, such as the Wertheim armory (1528) and parts of the gateway. Breuberg thus became a small Wertheim residence, but also a fortress against the ambitions of larger sovereigns such as the Landgraves of Hesse , the Archbishops of Mainz or the Electoral Palatinate . The town of Neustadt was founded as a castle settlement below the castle as early as 1378 .

Modern times

After the Count of Wertheim died out in 1556, the castle was divided again. It was now half owned by the Counts of Erbach (from 1747 on the Erbach-Schönberg line ) and the Counts of Stolberg-Königstein . At the beginning of the 17th century, the stolberg-Königstein part of the castle fell to the Counts of Löwenstein-Wertheim (later Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg ).

The high house of Breuberg. Merian engraving from Topographia Franconiae 1648

During the Thirty Years War , Breuberg Castle changed hands several times. The starting point was that half of the fortress belonged to sovereigns with different denominations. With the advance of Gustav Adolf to Franconia , the Protestant Counts of Erbach took over the castle completely. The Swedes used Count Gottfried von Erbach as commandant, who damaged the opposing party so much that the County of Erbach later had to pay high compensation. But he died in 1635 and was buried in the castle chapel, where his sarcophagus was rediscovered in the 19th century. In the course of the advance of the imperial family after the battle of Nördlingen , ownership changed back to the Löwenstein family with Count Ferdinand Carl von Löwenstein as commander. The Swedes tried unsuccessfully in 1637 under Jakob von Ramsay , governor of the Hanau Fortress , to besiege the castle. The Schwedenschanze north of Wolferhof is a reminder of the event. In 1639 the Erbachische Rat Dr. Backyards shot by a Löwenstein mercenary as he waited outside the gate to be admitted. In 1644 the Counts of Erbach were able to recapture Breuberg in a surprise attack and kept it occupied until the Peace of Westphalia .

In the larger armed conflicts of modern times, such as the Palatinate and Austrian War of Succession , the fortress was still secured by troops. However, the castle quickly lost its importance as the seat of power. It was used as an administrative and official seat, which was only moved to Neustadt in the first half of the 19th century. Before that, the castle served briefly from the Napoleonic period and belonging to the Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt from 1810 to around 1850 as the seat of the Breuberg district , the predecessor of the Neustadt district . After that, a toy factory was housed in the castle at the end of the 19th century. A manufacturer from Mainz had African animals made from wood there. Since he had a brother in the USA, these were shipped and sold in the United States (e.g. also in New York). This ended with the First World War. The castle stood empty for a short time, but remained in the possession of the Erbach (later Erbach-Schönberg, Protestant) and Löwenstein-Wertheim (later the Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg line, Catholic).

In 1919, the German Youth Hostel Association , which had belonged to the Hitler Youth from 1940 , acquired the castle, making it the property of the German Reich . During the Second World War, slave laborers were housed there, reminiscent of a plaque at the entrance gate and incisions in Cyrillic script on the keep. In 1946, Breuberg Castle became the property of the newly founded State of Hesse by order of the military government . The castle is still used as a youth hostel , was renovated in 1987 and has been managed by the Hessian Real Estate Management since 2001 (since 2016: Landesbetrieb Bau und Immobilien Hessen ). The preservation of monuments is the responsibility of the administration of the State Palaces and Gardens of Hesse .

investment

Floor plan and site plan

The castle complex is divided into three parts: The oldest part is the core castle from the 12th century, to the west of it is the outer castle from the late 14th and 15th centuries, although most of the buildings date from the Renaissance . The fortifications of the so-called Schütt were built later. The circular fortifications in the ring moat date from the 16th century. The individual parts were separated from one another by trenches .

Core castle

The oldest part of the castle complex is the main castle on a pentagonal ground plan with remains of the moat and the curtain wall, the cuboid keep and the columned portal at the gate of the main castle. The ring wall of the inner castle with characteristic small cuboids should also belong to the earliest times. With 1900 m², the core castle is unusual for the 13th century. The mean value for this time is around 1000 m².

The later buildings from the 15th to 17th centuries were placed on top of the older wall. Because no battlements were bricked up, it was concluded that the curtain wall had none. Because it is used as a youth hostel, most of the buildings in the inner castle cannot be viewed from the inside. Due to modern reconstructions, no facilities from the Middle Ages or early modern times have been preserved.

The two-tiered sandstone portal of the gateway to the west of the main castle is a high-ranking Romanesque work from around 1200. It is framed by thin half-columns with palmette-decorated cube capitals . In between there is a round arch frieze, the consoles of which are partly carved out as animal or human heads.

On the north side next to the gate is the old building (15th / 16th century) with a stair tower and fountain hall. To the east is the chapel mentioned in 1357, but the chapel building (also new building ) is a new building of the 16th / 17th century. Century. On the narrow eastern side of the courtyard is the Upper Hall Building , also known as the women's shelter . A late Gothic bay window dates the building to the 15th / 16th. Century. In the middle of the south side is the Erbach manor from 1568 with a vaulted hall on the ground floor and living rooms on the upper floor.

To the west, the rent office (end of the 15th century), the castle kitchen (15th to 16th century) and next to the gate building the mint (superstructure from 1709) were built. The half-timbered building with the castle kitchen and rent office contains interesting half-timbering with quarter-circle-shaped footbands and leafed head and foot struts on the gable side. Together with the Prussian court in Michelstadt from 1443, it is likely to be one of the oldest half-timbered buildings in the Odenwald district.

Keep

The keep stands free within the courtyard of the core castle and can be climbed as a lookout tower . It is about 25 m high and 8.9 m wide. Its 2.50 m thick walls consist of humpback blocks and rough sandstones. However, the humpback cubes usually only start a little further up after a leveling layer and a base made of smooth cuboids. The roughly cushion-shaped corner stones are striking. They can be found for the first time during the expansion of the Trifels Imperial Castle , which is to be expected around 1200. In castles in the Staufer area of influence, especially in the Neckar area , they are only proven after 1215/20.

The Welsh tower dome and the upper end with the defense platform date from 1612, but the battlements were reconstructed in the 19th century with too small dimensions and too many. The fountain niche on its west side also dates back to the early 17th century and was obviously built in later. It is very similar to the one in the round keep of Erbach Castle . The original entrance on the east side was later reworked as a window and can still be seen at a height of 9.50 m.

  • Buildings of the main castle

  • The 25 m high keep

  • The Rentschreiberei with its eye-catching half-timbering is one of the oldest half-timbered buildings in the Odenwald

  • Soviet prisoners of war scratched in Cyrillic script on the keep

  • Romanesque portal of the main castle with round arch frieze

Well house and water supply for the castle

Look into the well shaft
Crossbowman in the portal of the Wertheim armory, 1528

One of the most important castle buildings, formerly called the Alte Kemenate , stands north of the gate to the main castle. On the ground floor is the well room with an 85 m deep well . The wooden pumping station dates back to 1560. It included a room-filling treadmill that powered the corrugated tree for the scoop rope by means of a shaft with gear transmission. Most of this early modern engineering was burned as fuel in the period after World War II. The current facility is a reconstruction from 1974 based on photos. Various indications on the earlier system as well as the fixtures in the well house (size of the water basin, slightly twisted arrangement of the too small well rim, which was leveled with console stones underneath) indicate that here it is not with two pendulum buckets on the rope, but with a bucket elevator a rotating bucket chain water was conveyed.

The castle's earliest water supply came from a cistern , which was first mentioned in a document in 1357. With its use as a residence from the 15th century onwards, this was no longer sufficient for an enlarged castle garrison with servants and horses. Therefore, it was decided to commission a well master with the construction, which was not yet completed with the extinction of the Counts of Wertheim in 1556. A niche at the lower end of the walled part of the well shaft was possibly intended for the construction of a secret passage from the castle. During the work, the shaft was used to discharge the excavation. Only the upper part of the shaft is made of large blocks, the lower part was driven through the sandstone rock. The work was completed in 1560 with the construction of the octagonal well surround.

As early as the 17th century, the well was no longer supplying sufficient water. In 1754 it was found that the shaft had been filled with stones, bricks and clods of earth. An eviction was unsuccessful. Presumably the water level in the mountain had dropped, which could be traced back to a spring at Wolferhof below the bottom of the fountain. A pumping station powered by the Mümling was built in the valley and water was pumped to the castle in a cast-iron pipeline 2,800 m in length. This complex was destroyed in 1675 by French troops under Turenne , but they were unable to take the castle. Since then, the water had to be brought to the castle with animals, mostly donkeys, from the spring at Wolferhof. It was not until the 20th century that a pump was installed again to deliver the water to a container in the keep.

Outer bailey

The core castle received a front gate in front of the inner castle gate as early as the 14th century. The witch tower preserved in the north of today's outer bailey is part of this gate system. In the 16th century it served as a prison. Already in the late 14th century the front castle was extended several Ganerben built residential building in the 1406 first mentioned court . Both the older front gate and the first construction of the later gate building in the south of the outer bailey had drawbridges , both of which were mentioned in 1409 - at the same time one of the earliest records of drawbridges that were built in the second half of the 14th century Castle building prevailed.

Several renovations were carried out under the Counts of Wertheim and later the Counts of Erbach. Thus, at the end of the 14th century, the outer structure with a double entrance gate was created. Although the outer bailey was probably founded much earlier, today's building stock dated between 1528 and 1620. Buildings in Romanesque and Gothic styles within the bailey are elongated Föppelsbau and adjoining Wertheimer armory with a renaissance time portal that the year of 1528 and a slightly damaged crossbow wearing. It is referred to as the work of Hans Stainmiller.

Johann Casimir Building

Between 1606 and 1613 the Johann Casimir Building was built in the vicinity of the gate of the outer bailey with a well-preserved stone gallery. The ground floor was converted into a stables with a vaulted hall . The knight's hall is located on the high-ground floor above . It is equipped with a richly stuccoed ceiling which, in addition to the sequence of coats of arms of the ancestors of Count Johann Casimir, contains allegorical figures and scenes from classical mythology between strips and tendrils . The stucco work is one of the most important works of the late Renaissance and Mannerism in southern Germany. They were probably created by Eberhard Fischer from Babenhausen between 1610 and 1624, who also stuccoed the ceiling of the Einhard House in Seligenstadt . A frieze of figures on the walls shows ancient deities. The Breuberg Museum is located in the building.

  • Johann-Casimir-Bau, clearly recognizable the walled up balustrade on the upper floor

  • Erbachisches coat of arms above the entrance

  • Stucco ceiling in the knight's hall

Ruinous Foeppelsbau with powder turret on the left, stair tower on the right, the Fuchsgraben in the foreground , view from the Schütt

Föppelsbau

The Föppelsbau (also Föpplsbau or Wertheimer Kanzleibau ), so named after an administrator in the 19th century, is an angular, elongated residential building from around 1560. The building with the cellar in the older moat had a predecessor, like an inscription on the ditch side with the year 1506. The southern gable to the bridge in the Schütt from the beginning of the 17th century with a curved structure , a semicircle with a fan rosette and an obelisk is worth seeing . In the corner of the courtyard there is a stair tower with a Welscher hood . The Counts of Löwenstein had the Föppelsbau partially demolished around 1850, which has since been a ruin without a roof.

Gate construction

A gate building with a barrel vaulted gate hall and guardroom forms the entrance to the outer bailey. A coat of arms cartouche dates the building to the year 1499, but it has been rebuilt several times since then. The gate originally had a wooden drawbridge, which was replaced by a stone bridge in 1812. A deep pit has been created under the planks in the gate passage, which could be removed in an emergency. A walled-up entrance gate, which can still be seen in the outer wall of the entrance to the southwest of the gate, refers to an older gate system. To the right of today's gate is the “ Spottkopf ”, popularly known as “Breilecker” (on the gate of the outer bailey over the stone bridge). In fact, he does not lick porridge, but sticks out his tongue.

The younger guardhouse as a separate wing stands between the inner wall of the inner castle and the gatehouse. It was built in its current form between 1558 and 1561, the lower floor possibly shortly after the gatehouse. This is where the castle gastronomy is located.

  • Entrance to the outer bailey and gateway

  • Coat of arms above the gateway

  • Access to the castle

Zwinger, fortress structures and so-called Schütt

Between 1480 and 1530, Breuberg Castle was adapted to the changed conditions due to the introduction of firearms. The medieval castle complex was given a polygonal enclosure as a kennel with 10–14 m high, bastioned embankment walls ( Contrescarpe ) and a dry ring moat in front of it. Four mighty gun turrets were built between 1480 and 1507. Its wall thickness is 3–6 m with a diameter of 20 m (Red Tower) and 14.5 m for the others. The names are (clockwise from the entrance): Vorderer Turm (west of the entrance), Roter Turm (northern boundary of the Fuchsgraben , the largest tower in diameter, 1507), Michaelsturm (1504, east of the main castle, free-standing in the Zwinger) and Wilhelmsturm ( before 1482), probably the oldest of the gun turrets, which was built in a semicircle on the south-eastern kennel wall. Wilhelms- and Michaelsturm were connected to the main castle by a small wooden drawbridge. A wooden gun chest has been preserved from the front tower built in 1505 .

To the west of the outer bailey, a platform for setting up cannons was raised on the main attack side. The fox or mill ditch separates it from the older outer bailey. In the area of ​​the so-called Schütt there is the recently renovated Erbach armory, some outbuildings with half-timbered tops and two walled castle gardens. One of these gardens contained a summer house with a roof turret, which can be recognized on the Merian engraving.

  • View into the Zwingergraben with Contrescarpe and gun tower (Wilhelmsturm)

  • View from the northern gun tower (red tower) into the Schütt , on the left Fuchsgraben and Erbacher Zeughaus

  • Drawing from 1847, similar viewing direction, Foeppelsbau on the left, Fuchsgraben in the center of the picture, the Erbacher Zeughaus on the right

  • Eastern gun turret (Michaelsturm)

  • View from the west into the moat with the bridge to the outer bailey and the Contrescarpe

Breuberg Museum

Guided tour in the Breuberg Museum - here the Marstall

The museum, which has been in existence since 1963 and has two main focuses, is largely located in the Johann Casimir Building. The most important part is the history of the Breuberger Land and the castle. Early ceramic finds date from prehistory and are together with Roman and medieval shards in a showcase in the knight's hall, where weapons are also exhibited. A small lapidarium in the stables (basement of the Johann Casimir building) shows some Roman stone monuments from the Breuberger Land, including a four-god stone that was found at the Arnheiter Hof in 1543 , a human head from Roman times (possibly a genius ) and a copy of the Raibach picture . The Schwarz Collection is also on display in the cellar , a considerable number of stone blades and décors from various prehistoric epochs that a layman from Lengfeld in the Breuberger Land collected. In the Armory of Wertheim there are some medieval grave monuments as well as historical fire engines and equipment.

The rest of the exhibition in the Marstall is devoted to the development from craft to industry in the lower Mümlingtal. Smallholder and handicraft tools as well as a large collection of items from craftsmen's households are on display.

The fountain area was expanded with boards and about the history of the castle's water supply and related utensils. A forge has been set up on the Schütt , in which the local master blacksmiths Marco Haschert and Paul Weber demonstrate their art on various occasions.

The museum is only open during guided tours. During group tours such as Breuberg-Intensiv or Burg bei Nacht , other collections are also shown in the castle attic and the local history museum.

The legend of the Breilecker

The envious figure Breilecker

It may have been around 1450 when Boppo Ganß von Otzberg and his people and heavier cannons moved over the Grad over Höchst to Breuberg in order to shoot down the thick walls of the castle there and level the Breuberg with the ground. But the bullets ricocheted off the thick ashlar stone of the fortress like peas, only a piece of bullet got stuck to the right of the gate, you can still see it there today. The Breubergers relied on their strong bastion and never lost their courage. Whenever there was a crash and lightning in front of the castle, the castle people rejoiced, and the horse boy Werner did three somersaults in the courtyard. One afternoon they were standing outside at the guard behind the wall and boiling a kettle with millet porridge. When they sat down by the bucket to lick the porridge, a bullet from the Otzbergers flew against the tower, ricocheted off, fell into the middle of the pot and the porridge spurted out. Werner, the horse boy and a real joker, licked him off the floor, jumped on the wall and stuck his tongue out at the enemy. The Otzbergers immediately shot at him, but they didn't hit him. How the castle people laughed, and the whole crowd shouted: Werner, you are our boldest, you should guard the castle at all times! The stonemason named Dietrich grabbed the hammer and chiseled the face of Werner in chain mail, the Breilcker, in a protruding stone next to the gate . Even today, the joker Werner sticks out his tongue to everyone who cannot enter the castle when the gate is closed. A heavy chain hangs from the locked gate and a solid, thick ring hangs from it. Whoever bites through this frost gets the Breuberg and the land all around with the whole rulership. Many thousands of boys and girls have already tried it, but the iron ring remained intact. But the Breilcker, from which the Breiberg is said to get its name, laughed at them all.

literature

  • Alexander Antonow: Castles in the Main Square. Breuberg, Freudenberg, Miltenberg, Prozelten, Rothenfels, Wertheim, Wildenberg . Antonow, Frankfurt am Main 1987, ISBN 3-924086-30-3 , pp. 29-43 (handbook series historical buildings 1) .
  • Wolfram Becher and Alfred F. Wolfert: The stucco ceiling in the knight's hall of the Johann Casimir building at Breuberg Castle. Understanding of the world and self-confession of a person of the German late renaissance. In: Contributions to the exploration of the Odenwald and its peripheral landscapes . Breuberg-Bund , Neustadt im Odenwald 1977, pp. 127–154.
  • Thomas Biller: Castles and palaces in the Odenwald. A guide to history and architecture. Schnell and Steiner, Regensburg 2005, ISBN 3-7954-1711-2 , pp. 180-186.
  • Elmar Brohl : Fortresses in Hessen. Published by the German Society for Fortress Research eV, Wesel, Schnell and Steiner, Regensburg 2013 (=  German Fortresses  2) ISBN 978-3-7954-2534-0 , pp. 51–56.
  • Anja Dötsch, Christian Ottersbach : Breuberg Castle in the Odenwald: from the Hohenstaufen aristocratic seat to the residential castle and fortress. Schnell and Steiner, Regensburg 2008, ISBN 978-3-7954-2025-3 (Edition of the Administration of State Palaces and Gardens of Hesse 28) .
  • Axel W. Gleue: How did the water get to the castle - from building wells to hilltop castles and mountain vests . 1st edition, Verlag Schnell and Steiner, Regensburg 2008, ISBN 978-3-7954-2085-7 , pp. 29–32 and 149–162.
  • Walter Hotz : Castles of the Hohenstaufen period in the Odenwald area. In: Winfried Wackerfuß (Ed.): Contributions to the exploration of the Odenwald and its peripheral landscapes II. Festschrift for Hans H. Weber. Breuberg-Bund , Breuberg-Neustadt 1977, pp. 155–168, especially p. 160.
  • Rudolf Knappe: Medieval castles in Hessen. 800 castles, castle ruins and fortifications. 3. Edition. Wartberg-Verlag, Gudensberg-Gleichen 2000, ISBN 3-86134-228-6 , p. 546.
  • Erich Langguth: Count Ludwig II. Zu Löwenstein as builder - the establishment of the Föpplsbau on the Breuberg. In: The Odenwald. Journal of the Breuberg-Bundes 61/1, 2014, pp. 3–10.
  • Hans Teubner and Sonja Bonin: Cultural monuments in Hesse. Odenwaldkreis. Published by the State Office for Monument Preservation Hessen , Vieweg, Braunschweig / Wiesbaden 1998 ( Monument Topography Federal Republic of Germany ), ISBN 3-528-06242-8 , pp. 33 and 211–217.
  • Winfried Wackerfuß (Ed.): Castle Breuberg in the Odenwald. Fourth revised edition, published by the Breuberg-Bund, Breuberg-Neustadt 1979.
  • Rolf Müller (Ed.): Palaces, castles, old walls. Published by the Hessendienst der Staatskanzlei, Wiesbaden 1990, ISBN 3-89214-017-0 , p. 63f.

Web links

Commons : Burg Breuberg  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Breuberg in the Topographia Franconiae (Mathäus Merian)  - sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Thomas Biller: Castles and palaces in the Odenwald. A guide to history and architecture. Schnell and Steiner, Regensburg 2005, p. 180; Rudolf Knappe: Medieval castles in Hesse: 800 castles, castle ruins and castle sites. Wartberg publishing house. Gudensberg-Gleichen 2000, p. 546; Anja Dötsch, Christian Ottersbach: Breuberg Castle in the Odenwald: from the Hohenstaufen aristocratic seat to the residential castle and fortress. Schnell and Steiner, Regensburg 2008, p. 53.
  2. ↑ a b c d State Office for Monument Preservation Hessen (Ed.): Burg Breuberg In: DenkXweb, online edition of cultural monuments in Hessen
  3. ^ Egon Schallmayer : The Romans in Rai-Breitenbach. In: City of Breuberg (ed.): 1200 years of Rai-Breitenbach 798-1998. Breuberg, 1997 p. 85 f.
  4. ^ Anja Dötsch, Christian Ottersbach: Breuberg Castle in the Odenwald: from the Hohenstaufen aristocratic seat to the residential castle and fortress. Schnell and Steiner, Regensburg 2008, p. 8; Thomas Biller: Castles and palaces in the Odenwald. Schnell and Steiner, Regensburg 2005, p. 181; Alexander Antonow: Castles in the Main Square. Breuberg, Freudenberg, Miltenberg, Prozelten, Rothenfels, Wertheim, Wildenberg . Antonow, Frankfurt am Main 1987, ISBN 3-924086-30-3 , p. 30, but assumes a wooden predecessor building around the middle of the 12th century; after Rudolf Knappe: Medieval castles in Hessen. Wartberg publishing house. Gudensberg-Gleichen 2000, p. 547 already around the middle of the 12th century.
  5. ↑ Thomas Biller: Castles and palaces in the Odenwald. Schnell and Steiner, Regensburg 2005, p. 181; Rudolf Knappe: Medieval castles in Hessen. Wartberg publishing house. Gudensberg-Gleichen 2000, p. 547.
  6. ↑ Thomas Steinmetz: Castles in the Odenwald. Verlag Ellen Schmid, Brensbach 1998, ISBN 3-931529-02-9 , p. 44; Holger Göldner: Discovered the family castle of the Breubergers? In: hessenARCHÄOLOGIE 2001 , p. 139.
  7. ↑ Valentin Ferdinand Gudenus : Codex Diplomaticvs: Exhibens Anecdota Ab Anno DCCCLXXXI, Ad MCCC. Mogvntiaca, Ivs Germanicvm, Et SRI Historiam Illvstrantia. Göttingen 1743, p. 293f. No. 106.
  8. ^ Anja Dötsch, Christian Ottersbach: Breuberg Castle in the Odenwald: from the Hohenstaufen aristocratic seat to the residential castle and fortress. Schnell and Steiner, Regensburg 2008, p. 8
  9. ^ Anja Dötsch, Christian Ottersbach: Breuberg Castle in the Odenwald: from the Hohenstaufen aristocratic seat to the residential castle and fortress. Schnell and Steiner, Regensburg 2008, p. 11
  10. ^ Anja Dötsch, Christian Ottersbach: Breuberg Castle in the Odenwald: from the Hohenstaufen aristocratic seat to the residential castle and fortress. Schnell and Steiner, Regensburg 2008, pp. 15-18.
  11. ^ Anja Dötsch, Christian Ottersbach: Breuberg Castle in the Odenwald: from the Hohenstaufen aristocratic seat to the residential castle and fortress. Schnell and Steiner, Regensburg 2008, p. 15.
  12. ↑ Hans H. Weber: The Breuberg and its owners from the 14th century to the present. In: Breuberg Castle in the Odenwald. History and landscape. Neustadt 1979, p. 72.
  13. ^ Anja Dötsch, Christian Ottersbach: Breuberg Castle in the Odenwald: from the Hohenstaufen aristocratic seat to the residential castle and fortress. Schnell and Steiner, Regensburg 2008, p. 22f.
  14. ^ Wolfgang Stapp: Deported for Germany's final victory. Foreign forced laborers in the Breuberger Land 1939–1945. 2nd edition, Höchst im Odenwald 2004.
  15. ↑ www.schloesser-hessen.de .
  16. ↑ Alexander Antonow: Castles in the Main-Viereck. Breuberg, Freudenberg, Miltenberg, Prozelten, Rothenfels, Wertheim, Wildenberg . Antonow, Frankfurt am Main 1987, ISBN 3-924086-30-3 , p. 33.
  17. ↑ Alexander Antonow: Castles in the Main-Viereck. Breuberg, Freudenberg, Miltenberg, Prozelten, Rothenfels, Wertheim, Wildenberg . Antonow, Frankfurt am Main 1987, ISBN 3-924086-30-3 , p. 41f.
  18. ↑ Thomas Biller: Castles and palaces in the Odenwald. Schnell and Steiner, Regensburg 2005, p. 182; Anja Dötsch, Christian Ottersbach: Breuberg Castle in the Odenwald: from the Hohenstaufen aristocratic seat to the residential castle and fortress. Schnell and Steiner, Regensburg 2008, p. 42.
  19. ↑ Alexander Thon (Ed.): ... like a banished, inaccessible magic castle. Castles in the southern Palatinate . 2nd improved edition. Schnell and Steiner, Regensburg 2005, ISBN 3-7954-1570-5 , p. 149.
  20. ↑ Alexander Antonow: Castles in the Main-Viereck. Breuberg, Freudenberg, Miltenberg, Prozelten, Rothenfels, Wertheim, Wildenberg . Antonow, Frankfurt am Main 1987, ISBN 3-924086-30-3 , p. 40.
  21. ↑ Information from Thomas Biller: Castles and Palaces in the Odenwald. Schnell and Steiner, Regensburg 2005, p. 182; Anja Dötsch, Christian Ottersbach: Breuberg Castle in the Odenwald: from the Hohenstaufen aristocratic seat to the residential castle and fortress. Schnell and Steiner, Regensburg 2008, p. 47f.
  22. ↑ Axel W. Gleue: How did water get to the castle - From building wells to hilltop castles and mountain vests . Regensburg 2008, pp. 154-161.
  23. ↑ Axel W. Gleue: How did water get to the castle - From building wells to hilltop castles and mountain vests . Regensburg 2008, pp. 29–32 and 149–162; Alexander Röder: The Breuberg Castle. In: Breuberg Castle in the Odenwald. History and landscape. Published by the Breuberg-Bund, Neustadt 1969, p. 12f .; Anja Dötsch, Christian Ottersbach: Breuberg Castle in the Odenwald: from the Hohenstaufen aristocratic seat to the residential castle and fortress. Schnell and Steiner, Regensburg 2008, p. 43f.
  24. ↑ Axel W. Gleue: How did water get to the castle - From building wells to hilltop castles and mountain vests . Regensburg 2008, p. 161f.
  25. ↑ Alexander Röder: The Breuberg Castle. In: Breuberg Castle in the Odenwald. History and landscape. Published by the Breuberg-Bund, Neustadt 1969, p. 12f.
  26. ↑ Alexander Antonow: Castles in the Main-Viereck. Breuberg, Freudenberg, Miltenberg, Prozelten, Rothenfels, Wertheim, Wildenberg. Antonow, Frankfurt am Main 1987, ISBN 3-924086-30-3 , p. 37.
  27. ↑ On the stucco ceiling see Wolfram Becher and Alfred F. Wolfert: The stucco ceiling in the knight's hall of the Johann Casimir building at Breuberg Castle. Understanding of the world and self-confession of a person of the German late renaissance. In: Contributions to the exploration of the Odenwald and its peripheral landscapes. Breuberg-Bund, Neustadt im Odenwald 1979.
  28. ↑ a b c d Renaissance castles in Hesse (project at the Germanic National Museum by Georg Ulrich Großmann )
  29. ^ Anja Dötsch, Christian Ottersbach: Breuberg Castle in the Odenwald: from the Hohenstaufen aristocratic seat to the residential castle and fortress. Schnell and Steiner, Regensburg 2008, p. 26
  30. ↑ Alexander Antonow: Castles in the Main-Viereck. Breuberg, Freudenberg, Miltenberg, Prozelten, Rothenfels, Wertheim, Wildenberg . Antonow, Frankfurt am Main 1987, ISBN 3-924086-30-3 , p. 37f.
  31. ↑ Figures based on Alexander Antonow: Castles in the Main-Viereck. Breuberg, Freudenberg, Miltenberg, Prozelten, Rothenfels, Wertheim, Wildenberg . Antonow, Frankfurt am Main 1987, ISBN 3-924086-30-3 , p. 34f.
  32. ^ Anja Dötsch, Christian Ottersbach: Breuberg Castle in the Odenwald: from the Hohenstaufen aristocratic seat to the residential castle and fortress. Schnell and Steiner, Regensburg 2008, p. 50f .; Alexander Röder: Overview of the building history of the castle. In: Winfried Wackerfuß (Ed.): Breuberg Castle in the Odenwald. Breuberg-Neustadt 1979, p. 24f.
  33. ^ Marion Mattern: Roman stone monuments from Hesse south of the Main and from the Bavarian part of the Main Limes. Corpus Signorum Imperii Romani . Germany vol. 2,13, Mainz 2005, publisher of the Romisch-Germanisches Zentralmuseum; Commissioned by Habelt, Bonn, ISBN 3-88467-091-3 No. 259, plate 91.
  34. ^ Marion Mattern: Roman stone monuments from Hesse south of the Main and from the Bavarian part of the Main Limes. CSIR Germany Bd. 2,13, Mainz 2005, publishing house of the Romisch-Germanisches Zentralmuseum; Commissioned by Habelt, Bonn, ISBN 3-88467-091-3 No. 261, plate 91.
  35. ↑ For the museum see Monika Eschner: Museums in Hessen. A handbook of the publicly accessible museums and collections in the state of Hesse. 4th completely revised and expanded edition. Hessischer Museumsverband, Kassel 1994, ISBN 3-9800-508-8-2 , p. 353f. as well as the website of the museum .
  36. ↑ Guided tours of Breuberg Castle .
  37. ↑ E. Felber: Journal for cultural history . Bauer and Raspe, Nuremberg 1901, p. 390 .
This article was added to the list of articles worth reading on November 5, 2011 in this version .