Höchst monastery
The Höchst monastery in Höchst in the Odenwald is a former subsidiary of the Augustinian nuns, founded between 1177 and 1244 by the Fulda monastery through their holdings at Breuberg Castle . In 1503 the only remaining nun left the monastery, which was re-occupied by Benedictine nuns in 1511 . In the course of the Reformation , the monastery was dissolved in 1568 and continued as a Protestant monastery fund . The facility, which was subsequently greatly expanded, has been owned by the Evangelical Church in Hesse and Nassau since 1957 . In 1962 the “Evangelical Youth Center Kloster Höchst” moved into the property. The former Höchst monastery has served as a youth education center since 2004 .
To the resulting monastery facilities in the former monastery and today include parish church next to grave slabs from the 14th century , three altars dating back to the Augustinians and an altar from the time of the Benedictines. Particularly noteworthy is the figure of the "highest monastery lion" found in the cloister courtyard, an expressive sandstone sculpture made around 1200 .
location
The Höchst monastery is located on the northern edge of the city center of Höchst in the Odenwald on the southern slope of the Schorschberg on Kirchbergweg above the Hetschbach, which flowed through the district of the same name until the 19th century . There is a visitor parking lot not far away on Frankfurter Straße. Today's three-wing complex with a central building and church has an area of around 75 by 55 meters, the entire monastery complex with green spaces around 200 by 150 meters.
history
Origin of the monastery
The first documented mention of Höchst is in 1156, the one for the monastery comes from 1244. Published assumptions that the monastery was founded before 1219 cannot be scientifically proven due to poor sources. Nuns from the Augustinian congregation founded in 1177 initially lived in the monastery, so that its foundation must lie between the foundation of the order and the first mention and is usually given as "around 1200". The foundation was the monastery of Fulda of which had already secured at that time extensive possessions in the northern Odenwald, including the the late 12th century , the castle Breuberg , the center of the later rule Breuberg that as a small state existed until 1806 and to the Hetschbach belonged until then.
The actual founder of the monastery is not known. Through the Fulda monastery, the Count Palatine received the protection and patronage of the Höchst monastery as a fief , which transferred it to the Lords of Crumbach as an after-fief .
Continuation until the Reformation
The Höchst monastery achieved local importance as the religious center of the northern Odenwald. It was run by the Augustinian nuns for almost 300 years, according to whose religious rules liturgical celebration (choir prayer) and diaconal activity (nursing the sick) formed a unit. Income from agriculture and forestry usually contributed to the maintenance of the monastery, which is documented by numerous property transfers in the vicinity of Höchst. In 1279 and 1282, Marquardt von Rosenbach and his son Ulrich sold extensive goods, including a property in Breitenbrunn , to the Höchst monastery. In many cases, members of the noble families of the front Odenwald ( Count of Erbach , Gans von Otzberg , Wambolt von Umstadt ) are recorded as nuns in the Höchst monastery. As a rule, they were daughters from aristocratic families with many children, which avoided paying a dowry in the event of marriage. So the monastery grew another source of income through the transfer of tithe rights and other privileges that supported the property and its property relations.
The property of the monastery was mainly in the Tenth Otzberg and Umstadt . In addition to Höchst, this included 31 other localities: Annelsbach , Breidenbach, Breitenbrunn, Dieburg , Dorndiel , Dusenbach , Forstel , Frau-Nauses , Groß-Umstadt , Habitzheim , Hassenroth , Heubach , Hummetroth , Kleestadt , Klein-Umstadt , König , Lengfeld , Mosbach , Mümling-Grumbach, Nieder-Klingen , Ober-Klingen , Pfirschbach , Radheim , Richen , Semd , Sickenhofen , Wald-Amorbach , Wiebelsbach , Huppelnheim , Unrode and Wackenbrunn .
The monastery managed to expand its property until the 14th century. Then, as in many other monasteries of the time, economic problems arose. In 1400 there were first forced sales of monastic goods to pay off debts. Due to the influence of Archbishop Dietrich Schenk von Erbach from Mainz in 1448, the church of Ober-Klingen, including all income and rights, was subordinated to the monastery in Höchst in order to counteract progressive impoverishment. As a further relief measure, it received the tithe from Kirchbrombach , Höchst and the flax tithe from Dusenbach in 1452 . A monastery-owned sheep farm approved by Count Wilhelm zu Wertheim in 1453 and the resulting textile production also provided the nuns with the necessary income.
At the beginning of the 16th century, the monastery was so lacking in new orders that in 1503 the last remaining nun, Anna von Geiling , was compensated and sent back to her home country. After Anna's death on July 21, 1511, the Fulda prince abbot Johann II. Count von Henneberg-Schleusingen re- occupied the Höchst monastery with Benedictine nuns. They carried it on for the next 64 years, although the Reformation in the Breuberg rule, which was ruled by Count Georg II zu Wertheim, had already taken place between 1537 and 1542. During this period, at the instigation of Countess Barbara von Wertheim, in her function as guardian of the still underage Count Michael III. the pastoral posts in the surrounding villages were occupied by Protestant pastors. Nevertheless, the pastoral position at the monastery church in Höchst remained in the hands of a Catholic pastor who was also prior of the monastery until 1567, the year of death of the last remaining nun and abbess Anna Gans von Otzberg .
Heads of Department
The Augustinian convent at Höchst was headed by a provost and a master. The following list is based on the not always consecutive and sometimes contradicting certificates of appointment.
Toast
- 1244 Conrad
- 1246, 1249 John I.
- 1282 Dyther
- 1301, 1303 Heinrich von Phersdorff
- 1305–1309 Bertold von Wiesenfeld
- 1312 Berno
- 1313 Emmeram
- 1314-1336 Berno
- 1347–1349 (?) John II.
- 1343–1374 Groschlag zu Dieburg (Grasloc)
- 1375, 1383 (?) Erwin Löw de Steinfurt
- 1378, 1384–1391 (?) Johann von Rorbach
- after 1395 Heinrich Fink von Altenburg
- 1410–1424 Simon von Wolkenstein
- 1424–1475 Balthasar von Haun
- 1475 Johannes von Hutten
- 1508 Johannes Loher (administrator of the unoccupied monastery)
Masters
- 1320 Irmengart
- 1331–1345 Ida von Erbach
- 1353, 1356 Elisabeth
- 1370, 1378 Ursula "Silence"
- 1384 Mechthilde von Rohrbach
- 1391, 1397 Yrmele von Waltmann ("Waltmännin")
- 1402 Fyhe ("Kreyssen") from Buergenstad
- 1403 Agnes Wambolt von Umstadt
- 1404 Contzel from Ulbach
- 1448, 1452 Ida von Erbach
- 1457–1458 Magdalene von Rosenbach
- 1475, 1491 Margarete Schad
- before 1503 Magdalene von Brubach ("von Angeloch")
- 1503–1508 Anna von Geiling
After Anna von Geiling's death in 1511, the monastery was occupied by Benedictine nuns headed by a provost and an abbess .
Toast
- 1511 Johann Scharlach
- 1511–1520 Paul von Kutzleben
- 1520–1538 (?) Johannes von Hundelshausen
- 1539–1545 Eustachius Butler ("Treusch")
- 1545–1567 (?) Kaspar Lang
Abbesses
- 1511, 1543 Margarete Reuser
- 1566–1567 Anna Gans von Otzberg
Thirty Years' War
After the dissolution of the Höchst monastery around 1568/1569, Fulda appointed Proöpste to safeguard the assumed legal claims. However, they did not stay in the abolished monastery.
- 1570–1572 Johannes Eitel von Trohe
- 1609–1618 Georg von Hatzfeld
- 1614, 1619 Peter Ernst von und zu der Fels
- 1624–1630 Johann Friedrich von Kerpen
- 1642–1681 Philipp Christoph von Rosenbach
After the death of Michael III. the Wertheim line went out. The heirs of the rulership, the Counts of Erbach and the Counts of Stolberg , decided to dissolve the Propstei Höchst. A long-standing dispute broke out with the mother abbey, which from 1572 demanded, ultimately unsuccessfully, the surrender of the Höchst monastery and the monastery property, including Prince Abbot Bernhard Gustav von Baden-Durlach .
In January 1620, in the second year of the Thirty Years' War , ten horsemen of Count Johann Dietrich von Löwenstein , who had returned to the Catholic faith, were quartered in Höchst. In May 1621 3,000 Spanish horsemen entered the Breuberg domain. The great looting and devastation began and reached its climax in September 1627 with the billeting of a regiment of Don Verdugo in Höchst. Prince Abbot Bernhard Gustav took advantage of the weakened situation of the Breuberg rule in 1628 and again brought his request to get the Höchst monastery back to Emperor Ferdinand II , who two years later sent imperial riding troops to Höchst and had the monastery taken by force on December 17, 1630. At that time raged in high Pest . The population shrank from 230 (around 1620) to 25. 18 years after the orphaned monastery was taken on October 24, 1648, the Peace of Westphalia restored the previous ownership. It was now back with the heirs of the Breuberg estate, the Erbachers and Löwensteiners.
Highest monastery fund
The property of the monastery was not dissolved after the Reformation, as it was elsewhere, but was used for the maintenance of churches, schools and diaconal work. The newly created “Höchst Monastery Fund”, which is still in existence today, used its income, especially from the Höchst Monastery Forest, for the goals of the old monastic life, even if it no longer existed. To this end, it was determined that the funds of the fund would be used for pious purposes, namely to pay pastors and school teachers, to maintain church and school buildings and to support the poor . The surpluses generated by the monastery fund were administered by the class lords. The legal basis for the fund was contractually renewed several times, most recently in 1820. The management of the monastery fund was incumbent on the Fürstlich-Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg domain chancellery and the Fürstlich-Erbach-Schönbergsche Rentkammer until 1924.
One of the first financing was for the construction of the Höchst monastery church in the middle of the 16th century. Except for the Romanesque tower, it was torn down and replaced by a parish church adapted to the Reformation liturgy . This was the first new building of a Protestant parish church after the Reformation in what is now Germany.
Since 1827, the monastery fund was repeatedly exposed to public accusations that its funds were not used in accordance with the regulations. Several parishes that are obliged to pay have repeatedly sued against the lack of support from the church fund. The farmer and deputy Johann Friedrich König from Annelsbach appeared as the spokesman before the first and second chambers of the Grand Duchy of Hesse and accused the fund administrators of paying foreign pensions for other purposes. König repeatedly requested a revision , but this was always rejected by the Chamber.
To counter the allegations, the fund started again with increased support for community projects. For example, the Rimhorn schoolhouse was built from 1834 to 1836 with funds from the Höchst Monastery Fund and , according to the school chronicle, opened on December 6, 1836.
In 1848 the well-known allegations were made again. On March 10, 1848, members of the parishes of Neustadt , Rai-Breitenbach , Sandbach and Vielbrunn brought a letter with demands to Count Ludewig zu Erbach-Schönberg , in which it was requested that the waiver of claims to the Höchst Monastery Fund [...] and assignment of supervision to the state with all rights in such a way that the surpluses are left to the municipalities of the Breuberg rule, in particular to raise schools and educational institutions and to support the poor. A delegation from Haingrund , who on March 12, 1848, brought a petition to Count zu Erbach-Schönberg asking for support for school pay from the monastery fund, was satisfied with the general promise that efforts should be made to improve school pay .
In 1912 an article appeared in the social democratic party press which took up the allegations again. The use of the foundation funds was again denounced, in that the author stated that the gentlemen von Breuberg appointed as administrators [seem] to have cared little about the original purpose of the foundation and mainly used the income for their own purposes. The congregations, who believed that they could make claims to the fund on the basis of the foundation, were refused and repeated lawsuits had to be brought against the fund by the congregations.
It was not until the November Revolution of 1918 that the administration of the Höchst Monastery Fund was handed over to the parishes involved. However, it was not finally implemented until April 1, 1926.
In 1949 , initiated by Ernst Behm, the then Protestant youth leader in Darmstadt , and made possible by the Höchst pastor Schanz in 1950, the youth group held their first summer leisure time in the former Höchst monastery . For this purpose, the rooms in the attic above the parish apartment were equipped with camp beds and the refectory, which was used as a barn, was freed from stored junk. The parish room of the Höchst parish was also available. This first youth leisure time laid the foundation for the continued use of the monastery complex. In 1957 the Evangelical Church in Hesse and Nassau took over responsibility for the further expansion of the monastery as a youth center. The entire monastery complex was bought, renovated and expanded from the Höchst Monastery Fund in stages.
Since the bourgeois parishes finally withdrew completely from the use of the fund on April 1, 1964, since then only the Protestant parishes or parishes in Höchst, Kirch-Brombach , Lengfeld, Mümling-Grumbach, Neustadt, Ober-Klingen, Rimhorn , Sandbach , Seckmauern have remained and Vielbrunn bearer of the still wealthy Höchst Monastery Fund.
In 2014, the monastery fund was transformed into the "Höchst Monastery Fund Foundation", a church body with legal capacity under public law . As purpose of the foundation, the foundation document sets out the promotion of the Church's work in Breuberg country, especially in the working of the Protestant churches Hochst, Kirch-Brombach, Lengfeld, Mümling-Grumbach, upper blades Rimhorn, Sandbach-Neustadt, Seckmauern and Vielbrunn fixed . According to the foundation charter, the assets are around 0.9 million euros.
Building history
Building arrangement around 1520
According to the various offices and tasks of a monastery, its buildings were grouped in a clearly structured manner around an almost square, closed inner courtyard. The church tower formed the southwest corner pillar of the square, which towers above all other buildings. The monastery church, which was also the parish church, was built on to the east, while the elongated convent building leaned against the tower to the north . The refectory and altarist's house were connected at right angles to the northern end . Opposite the convent initially followed a farm building and a subsequent Hall, who as a barn and the attic later than ward ( Hospital served). The Altaristenhaus, the northeast already partly outside the exam was, was from the fortified provost continued a prestigious building with scenic stair tower .
The entire monastery complex was originally fortified by an enclosure wall that existed until it was expanded in 1957. In historical and topographical unity with the monastery, the former tithe house , later the district court, and the monastery hereditary estate , which was rebuilt in the 20th century as the Hotel Burg Breuberg, were located below it . The ensemble is protected as a whole under Section 2, Paragraph 2 (1) of the Hessian Monument Protection Act (see list of cultural monuments in Höchst in the Odenwald ).
Convent building
In the elongated convent building, the origin of which cannot be precisely dated, with its stately saddle roof , was the master's apartment and the cells of the nuns, which were painted with devotional images. In 1926, some of them were still recognizable, including the portrait of an older nun with a crucifix in her lap and a younger nun kneeling at her feet. Until 1957 three frescoes were visible on the plastered fields between the half-timbered beams. The first showed the Annunciation with Mary kneeling at the prayer desk in front of a dark curtain. The second picture, which showed the birth of Christ , showed two kneeling figures and to the right of them the baby Jesus , behind them an ox and a donkey. The third fresco was probably a donor picture with three people in the foreground. The background of the picture showed a tower next to a high house and a group of buildings with coupled arched windows and brickwork . Further back on a mountain a castle-like complex with a defensive wall and a round corner tower could be seen. It was probably one of the first pictorial representations of the Höchst monastery and the Breuberg . The frescoes described have not been preserved, they were plastered over during the first modern renovations (furnishing the parish apartment) in 1957.
Approximately in the middle of the convent building, a small Gothic gate, which, as the stonemasons show, was made by a master working in the Mainz monastery in 1515, led into the monastery courtyard. A few corbels in the wall show that there used to be at least one covered hall here. There is no evidence of a circumferential cloister around the inner courtyard. In the building opposite the aforementioned gate there was a larger one from the same time as the monastery gate on the valley side. Both gates have been preserved to this day. The dates 1534 and 1588 on the outside of the convent building indicate later renovations by the Benedictine nuns. To the north of the convent building was the small monastery kitchen.
refectory
The monastic community life took place outside the church in the most handsome building of the original monastery complex, the refectory, which was directly adjacent to the kitchen building. The architecture of the dining room housed in this building was therefore more solemn than that of the simple convent building. The entrance from the cloister courtyard was formed by a pointed arch portal in a rectangular frame with pear rod profiles and covings and a two-sided open staircase in front. To the left of it there is also an old window frame that belonged to the hall. The building in this version was probably not built until 1511 when the Benedictine nuns moved in. A previous building that cannot be dated was used.
Propsteihaus
The Propsteihaus, which also dates from the beginning of the 16th century , is dominated by the stair tower with several key notches and Gothic windows. Originally, instead of a roof hood with a weather vane, it had a crenellated wreath , which emphasized the defensive strength of the monastery from afar. Inside the provost, next to a stone spiral staircase , a lintel decorated with tracery has been preserved, bearing the number 15 and the inscription “hie bertoldus”, which indicates a provost named Bertold who lived here. If it was the only provost Bertold von Wiesenfeld (1305–1309) who was proven with this name , this lintel would be an indication of a previous building. The year 1592 on the outside indicates a renovation during the times of the Benedictine nuns.
church
From the Höchst market square in Groß-Umstädter Strasse, a wide, paved path leads up to the church. The entrance for church visitors is in the basement of the church tower. A low arched gate leads into the square entrance hall, which consists of quarry stone masonry with irregular corner blocks.
The tower from the late 12th century was originally followed by a nave that was larger than the new building erected after the Reformation. In its northern long side there was a portal to the monastery courtyard. The church was both a monastery and a parish church. It was consecrated to Mary, the mother of Jesus, and had four altars: the Nicholas Altar, the Leonhard Altar, the Altar of Our Lady and the Altar of the Holy Cross. The St. Nicholas altar was first mentioned in 1391 on the occasion of an early mass. The Marien and Heiligkreuz altar were first mentioned in 1421 when a letter of indulgence was issued for their decoration . The Leonhard Altar was first mentioned in 1543. One of the altarists was the dean Friedrich Krafto, who died in 1336, whose tombstone leans against the wall in the tower hall, together with the stone of Master Ida von Erbach († 1345).
The nave, which had become dilapidated over the course of 200 years, had to give way to a new building in 1566. The tower hall, the renovation of which had already begun in the 15th century, was given a two- bay rib vault , which struts from multi-sided wall pillars without capitals . One of the two keystones still bears the coat of arms of the Archbishopric of Mainz with the usual arrangement of the Mainz wheels , the other, only preserved as a fragment, presumably the coat of arms of Archbishop Dietrich Schenk von Erbach with the Erbach stars. In 1453 the tower was expanded to include a sound arcade in the form of narrow wall passages with round arches.
The new building of the church, which began in 1566, is recorded in the following inscription:
- This church was started from Grundt and newem and developed by the government of the Wolgeborn Mr. Ludwig Graven zu Stolberg, Königstein and Mr. Georgen Graven zu Erpach, all Mr. zu Breuberg, in the year of Christ 1566.
Each completion of a construction phase was given a year on the outside. The last one dates to the completion in 1568. The new church no longer met the monastic requirements of choir prayer and altar service, but those of a Protestant preaching church . The church interior was built as a three-sided, closed and sparingly decorated hall. Both long sides received new portals with carefully hewn edging and the windows got gothic tracery . Since the space under the church roof served as a fruit store, the weight of the flat ceiling was supported by mighty columns, giving the impression that the church interior had two aisles.
In keeping with the new spirit of the Reformation, with an emphasis on the preaching of the word, hymns and church music, the pulpit and organ were given special emphasis. In 1708, the organ was built behind the altar across the full width of the choir head, and at the same time a new pulpit in the front third of the side facing the monastery, the body of which rests on a spiral-shaped column. The corners of the pulpit also have similar pillars and parapets with tendrils and leaves. The risen Christ rises on the sound cover with the flag of the cross. The ornamented stone baptismal font , donated by the monastery administrator Jakob Tulschack in 1611 , used to stand in the place of this pulpit . When the pulpit was erected, the font was moved. A life-size crucifix has been hanging above the altar since the 18th century .
The grave slabs , which were embedded in the floor of the original church, were attached to the walls of the tower hall during the new building and later renovations. These include the plates already mentioned by Dean Krafto and Master Ida, Otto von Waldeck, who died in 1310, and the first Protestant pastor from Höchst, Johannes Würzburger from Weimar , who died in 1587 at the age of 54 and was buried under the first pulpit.
The bells in the bell room under the church tower roof come from different centuries. The Marienglocke, on which the casting year 1543 is written, is the oldest bell of the peal. It bears the half-Latin, half-German inscription: O rex glorie, venit cum pace - maria help us into your kingdom . The second oldest bell from 1659 bears the inscription: Sit nomen Domini benedictum nunc et usque in saeculum . The third bell, cast in 1787, shows the names of the donors in its inscription and that it was cast at the expense of alms and mild contributions from the local community . The current tower cross with a weathercock, adorned with lilies, was erected in 1951.
Todays use
After the renovation of the Propsteig building, the convent building and the refectory, the old hospital room was replaced by a new assembly hall . As a replacement for the old apartment in the convent building, the parish priest received a parsonage right next to the monastery. Finally the “New Building” was added to the complex and on June 16, 1962 the “Evangelical Youth Center Kloster Höchst” was opened.
40 years later it proved necessary to renovate and modernize the buildings again. For around four million euros and after 18 months of renovation, the Church President of the Evangelical Church in Hesse and Nassau, Professor Dr. Dr. hc Peter Steinacker on July 3, 2004 the new "Evangelical Youth Education Center Kloster Höchst" of its destination.
The highest monastery lion
When the monastery was founded, building sculptures and, within this architectural design group, stone sculptures played an important role, namely in their firmly defined function such as decoration of the portals, pillars, columns, nave and cloister, as well as the facade .
The “monastery lion”, dated around 1200, is considered to be the most important find in the history of the monastery. The figure made of local sandstone found in the monastery garden depicts a crouching lion on a sandstone base, which, although carved on both sides, remains unfinished between the lion's rear paws. The powerful figure of the lion is worked evenly from front to back, so that the representation looks almost chunky or chunky. The face, which is flattened like a disk, has human-like features due to the appropriate elaboration of the pair of eyes and nose. The purpose of an opening above the left eye is not apparent. The mane reaching from the head to the middle of the body shows palmette shapes . The tail is wrapped around the body and the tassel is carved out, while of the four paws only the rear left has traces of work in the form of toe claws. Another unfinished lamb lies between the front paws. Notches, particularly noticeable on the middle of the lion's back, suggest that it was deliberately worked on. For what purpose the notches were made and why the figure was not completed cannot be definitively clarified.
Only guesses can be made about the original location of the lion. It is certain that the figure can be classified as a design element in the early monastery complex. Considerations about their original location are equally dependent on function and symbolism.
The lion is already mentioned in many places in the Old Testament as an indication of his proverbial strength and bravery. Medieval sacred art took on its associated function as guardian by setting up lion sculptures at very specific liturgically or architecturally important places, depending on whether the lion was the protector or, as in the first letter of Simon Peter , fifth chapter, verse eight , was symbolized as a predator hitting prey. The lamb resting between the front paws of the Supreme Lion is not depicted as a victim of prey. The lion's friendly, smiling face also expresses security rather than threat. It is therefore conceivable that the Supreme Depiction of the Lion and the Lamb gives an indication of the future kingdom of peace, as can be found as a relief on a column in the apse in Speyer Cathedral .
The notches on the lion's back and the massive base on which the figure crouches indicate a function as a column carrier, be it in the portal area, in the cloister or within the monastery church as a pulpit, base of a saint figure or support of the baptismal font.
In 2006 a copy of the Highest Lion was placed sideways in front of the church portal. The original is in the Hessisches Landesmuseum Darmstadt .
literature
- Johannes Burkardt: Höchst (Odenwald) . In: Friedhelm Jürgensmeier u. a .: The Benedictine monastery and nunnery in Hessen (Germania Benedictina 7 Hessen). Eos, St. Ottilien 2004, pp. 641–652. ISBN 3-8306-7199-7 .
- Thomas Geibel (ed.): Churches in the Breuberger Land: Rai-Breitenbach , Höchst i. Odw. 1989
- Hans Georg Ruppel / Birgit Groß (arrangement): Darmstädter Archivschriften 5, Darmstadt 1980
- Hans Teubner and Sonja Bonin: Cultural monuments in Hesse. Odenwaldkreis, published by the State Office for Monument Preservation Hessen , Vieweg, Braunschweig / Wiesbaden 1998 (monument topography of the Federal Republic of Germany) pp. 375–377. ISBN 3-528-06242-8
- Hans H. Weber (ed.), Höchst im Odenwald , Höchst 1956
- Association for Home History Höchst eV (ed.), Contributions to the history of Höchst in the Odenwald , Höchst 2006
Individual evidence
- ↑ Ludwig Hahn, Höchst monastery and its property , in: Hans H. Weber (ed.), Höchst im Odenwald , Höchst 1956. p. 22
- ^ Elisabeth Kleberger, Territorial history of the County of Erbach and the Lordship of Breuberg , Darmstadt-Marburg 1951
- ^ Karl-Heinz Winter: Hetschbach. In: Association for home history Höchst im Odenwald (Hrsg.): Contributions to the history of Höchst im Odenwald. Höchst im Odenwald 2006, pp. 345–348
- ↑ Christian Alexander Klinke, On the history of the monastery in Höchst , in: Association for Home History Höchst eV (ed.), Contributions to the history of Höchst in the Odenwald , Höchst 2006, p. 35 u. 36
- ^ Community chronicle of Lützelbach ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Og Ludwig Hahn, Höchst Monastery and its property , p. 23
- ^ Og Christian Alexander Klinke, On the history of the monastery in Höchst , p. 36 u. 37
- ^ State archive Wertheim, holdings G-Rep. 24 No. 194
- ↑ a b Chronicle of Vielbrunn ( Memento of the original from June 18, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Lothar Lammer, head of the Höchst monastery , in: Verein für Heimatgeschichte Höchst eV (ed.), Contributions to the history of Höchst in the Odenwald , Höchst 2006, p. 39 and 40
- ↑ Dittmar Fleck, Höchst im Thirty Years' War , in: Verein für Heimatgeschichte Höchst eV (ed.), Contributions to the history of Höchst in the Odenwald , Höchst 2006, pp. 64–67
- ^ Negotiations of the state estates of the Grand Duchy of Hesse, 1. – 38. Landtag, Second Chamber, Darmstadt, 1820–1918, Supplement 317: On the pre-Reformation history of the Höchst monastery
- ↑ Statutes of the Höchst Monastery Fund Foundation preamble of January 7, 2014 in State Gazette for the State of Hesse 26/2014, page 535
- ↑ Geibel: Comments on the history of the Höchst monastery
- ↑ Hans Georg Ruppel / Birgit Groß (edit.): Hessian delegates 1820-1933. Biographical evidence for the estates of the Grand Duchy of Hesse (2nd Chamber) and the Landtag of the People's State of Hesse (= Darmstädter Archivschriften 5), Darmstadt 1980, p. 158
- ^ Monument Preservation Hessen, Lützelbach-Rimhorn
- ↑ Traugott Hartmann: 150 years ago Odenwälder demonstrated in Darmstadt , in: Odenwald-Heimat im Odenwälder Echo 73, 1998 4, p. 13 ff.
- ↑ Ella Gieg: Protests in front of the castles. Beginning of the revolution of 1848/49 in the Odenwald 150 years ago , in: Odenwald-Heimat im Odenwälder Echo 73, 1998 4, p. 15
- ↑ Ludwig Hasenzahl ('LH'): The Höchst Monastery Fund in: Hessischer Volksfreund, Darmstadt 1912, p. 163f
- ^ Community archive Höllerbach XII / 5/1/9
- ↑ Thomas Geibel (ed.): Churches in the Breuberger Land: Rai-Breitenbach , Höchst i. Odw. 1989; P. 5
- ↑ Deed of foundation of the Höchst Monastery Fund Foundation in State Gazette for the State of Hesse 26/2014, page 534
- ↑ Hans H. Weber (ed.), Höchst im Odenwald , Höchst 1956, pp. 13-21, taking into account the changes after 1957
- ↑ Adolf Gerber Baumanagement, Darmstadt ( Memento of the original of July 27, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ EKHN press release of July 3, 2004 ( Memento of the original of December 15, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 65 kB)
- ↑ Hans Erich Kubach, Art of the Romanesque , p. 176
- ^ Elisabeth Kleberger, Der Höchster Klosterlöwe - reflections on location and symbolism , in: Verein für Heimatgeschichte Höchst eV (ed.), Contributions to the history of Höchst in the Odenwald , Höchst 2006, p. 58
- ^ Lion portal at the former monastery church Peter and Paul in Königslutter ; Marble lion at the pulpit of the Franciscan Church in Salzburg
- ^ Franz Klimm, The Imperial Cathedral of Speyer. History and Guide , Speyer 1965, p. 46
Web links
- State Office for the Preservation of Monuments Hesse (ed.): Complete system of the monastery hill In: DenkXweb, online edition of cultural monuments in Hesse
- Website of the Höchst monastery
Coordinates: 49 ° 48 ′ 1.5 ″ N , 8 ° 59 ′ 37.5 ″ E
