Dauchstein Castle

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Dauchstein Castle
Residential tower of Dauchstein Castle

Residential tower of Dauchstein Castle

Creation time : around 1030
Castle type : Hilltop castle
Conservation status: Received or received substantial parts
Place: Binau
Geographical location 49 ° 22 '8.5 "  N , 9 ° 4' 23"  E Coordinates: 49 ° 22 '8.5 "  N , 9 ° 4' 23"  E
Dauchstein Castle (Baden-Württemberg)
Dauchstein Castle

The castle Dauchstein in Binau in Neckar-Odenwald-Kreis in Baden-Wuerttemberg to around 1030 as a toll castle have been built for the Neckar boat trip. According to tradition, the road toll was collected with the help of a chain stretched across the Neckar, which was only lowered (thawed) after the required customs duty had been paid, hence the name Dauchstein. Ludwig Hildebrandt , however, sees the etymological derivation Tahenstein / Tugstein / Duckstein / Dauchstein, which is known today as tuff stone.

location

The Höhenburg is located in the southern Odenwald am Neckar above the B 37 and is built on a rock slab. It stands on a hill made of tufa that was formed by a strongly calcareous water source.

Photography of Dauchstein Castle around 1900
Dauchstein Castle 1893, nearer
Castle plan
Drawing of the residential tower of the Dauchstein Castle in 1825

history

The origins of the castle are largely in the dark. Around 1080 a Kuno von Tahenstein is mentioned (once) in a document, whose seat does not necessarily have to have been Dauchenstein. Only at the beginning of the 14th century do other documents appear. A piece of armor wood found on the residential tower by the local history researcher Ludwig Hildebrandt in 2004 was recovered by the State Monuments Office and its hitting time was dated to the winter of 1334/1335, which may be an indication of the construction time of the residential tower. Hildebrandt assumes that at that time the castle was rebuilt on the orders of the Count Palatine, who then occupied Dauchstein Castle with a family of ministers , which from then on called itself von Bynheim and appears in a document with Heinrich von Bynheim in 1343/44.

In 1359 Johann von Binheim and his wife Ysengret von Helmstatt sold some smaller meadows and fields in Zuzenhausen to Gerung von Helmstatt. After the lords of Binheim apparently died out in the male line at the end of the 14th century, the castle passed to the lords of Helmstatt (Asbacher Ast). 1398–1421 appears Ysengret's brother, Swicker the elder of Helmstatt, as lord of the castle. 1423–1426 then his son Swicker the Younger and 1423–1448 his brother Hans. The building of the palace, which can only be seen in remnants today, also fell into this period . Hans von Helmstatt and his wife Margarete von Angelach finally sold Dauchstein Castle and the town of Binau to Dieter von Bödigheim in 1448 .

In the second half of the 16th century, the two daughters of Georg von Bödigheim, Margarete and Felicitas, married the brothers Hans Dieter III. and Hans Hans VI. Landschad von Steinach . Around this time, the castle in Binau, where the local nobility resided in the future, was built. In 1605, Hans Ulrich Landschad wrote in a chronicle about the father of the two Steinachers who were married to the Bödigheim sisters, Christoph II: "His two sons married two sisters from Bodickheim, so that they could have a wonderfully good Binau". Hildebrandt assumes that it was the Landschad von Steinach who built the castle in Binau, and not, as previously assumed, despite the apparently missing documents, that of Bödigheim.

Since the Dauchstein Castle was no longer used as a residence after the construction of the castle, it was gradually left to decay. On May 2, 1629, Dauchstein Castle and Binau were sold to the Lords of Hunoltstein . Around 1676 there are reports of a prison in the basement of the residential tower and of a newly built guard building. This is said to have only been built after the collapse of the Palas. In 1706 the property went to Johann von Violäth and between 1714 and 1763 the barons of Adelsheim appear as owners. In 1767 Count Andreas von Riaucour and in 1771 his son-in-law Carl Theodor von Schall-Riaucour appear as lords of the castle. The castle was then owned by the Countess von Waldkirch until the end of the 19th century . The castle in Binau and some lands also belonged to the property . The then Hofrat Heinrich Propfe bought all of her property from Countess Waldkirch in 1869. On June 2, 1999, the Propfe family sold the castle to a private "castle collector".

Todays use

The new owners took care of the security of the complex, made the residential tower habitable again and exposed the filled cellar again.

In early 1960, the State Monuments Office issued conditions to secure the castle. Under the direction of a master builder Ringel, who was well versed in dry stone masonry, the tower and the surrounding area were secured with the help of Heidelberg students in particular. Inside, the rooms on the respective floors were expanded and provided with electricity and water connections.

In coordination with the monument office, a wooden attic was built to end the defense tower. A new entrance to the castle was built by the community of Binau. During excavations, a number of historically valuable objects were unearthed in the so-called dungeon inside the defense tower. The objects found there are in state ownership.

investment

Essentially only the residential tower remains of the castle complex. The other structures (Palas and the 1.7 meter thick shield wall ) are ruins and only remnants can be seen. The former hall has largely disappeared after part of the rock slab was demolished. The residential tower , often incorrectly described as a keep , is 20 meters high and covers an area of ​​6 × 6 meters. In addition, the tower has two special features: its outlet was not exposed, as usual, but rather on the inside with a drainage pipe to the outside. The floors of the residential tower are not connected with wooden stairs or ladders, but with very narrow and low staircases in the outer wall.

At the beginning of the 20th century, the tower was renovated and an additional floor was added. From the top floor of the residential tower there is a view of the Neckar and the Obrigheim nuclear power plant on the other side of the Neckar.

The slope on which the castle lies seems to have been cultivated like terraces in the past. The castle can still be seen from afar on old views from around 1900. Today, however, the slope is overgrown by forest trees, so that the castle can only be seen from certain angles from the Neckar valley. There are two water sources on the castle grounds.

literature

  • Ludwig H. Hildebrandt: New findings about the Dauchstein Castle near Binau, Neckar-Odenwaldkreis . In: Kraichgau. Contributions to landscape and local research , volume 19/2005. Edited by Heimatverein Kraichgau , Eppingen 2005, pp. 151–162
  • Rüdiger Lenz: History of the Dauchstein Castle on the Neckar . In: The Odenwald. Journal of the Breuberg Association . 47 (2000), pp. 94-104
  • Sebastian Parzer: Dauchstein Castle near Binau - link in the chain of Staufer imperial castles on the lower Neckar . In: Hierzuland 15 (2000), pp. 18-20
  • Sebastian Parzer: The Asbach branch of the gentlemen from Helmstatt . In: Obrigheim yesterday and today 9 (1999), pp. 15-19

Web links

Commons : Burg Dauchstein  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ To distinguish between residential tower and keep see Otto Piper: Burgenkunde . Weidlich / Flechsig, Würzburg 1912.