Schweinberg Castle

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Schweinberg Castle
The stump of the keep

The stump of the keep

Alternative name (s): Schweinburg
Creation time : around 1100
Castle type : Höhenburg, spur location
Conservation status: ruin
Standing position : Noble Free, Counts
Construction: Humpback cuboid, quarry stone
Place: Hardheim- Pigyard
Geographical location 49 ° 37 '14.8 "  N , 9 ° 31' 13.9"  E Coordinates: 49 ° 37 '14.8 "  N , 9 ° 31' 13.9"  E
Height: 345  m above sea level NN
Schweinberg Castle (Baden-Württemberg)
Schweinberg Castle

Schweinberg Castle is the ruin of a medieval spur castle in the Schweinberg district of Hardheim in the Neckar-Odenwald district in Baden-Württemberg .

location

The castle is located on the eastern edge of the Odenwald at a height of 345 meters on a relatively low mountain spur made of shell limestone , almost 30 meters east of the village of the same name. In the Middle Ages, it controlled a road that ran from Würzburg via Tauberbischofsheim to the Untermain.

history

The first written mention of a noble family de Swenenburg comes from the year 1098. The castle was probably built at the end of the 11th or beginning of the 12th century, but the actual time of construction is disputed. In 1127, Wolfram de Sueneburc was mentioned as a witness in a Mainz document , and in 1157 the name Suinenburch was found . The last Schweinberger, Kraft II., Was in 1167 in the wake of the Staufer Emperor Friedrich Barbarossa during his Italian campaign; he probably died after returning the following year of complications from malaria . The castle, which was probably expanded during this time, fell to Kraft's brother-in-law, Konrad von Boxberg . The Boxbergers then left Schweinberg to the Johannitern zu Wölchingen . Other parts of the Schweinberger rule went to the noble free von Dürn and the counts of Wertheim .

View from the village to the castle ruins

In 1287, the Bishop of Würzburg Berthold II von Sternberg exchanged Schweinberg Castle from the Johannites for Boxberg Castle, which had previously been a fiefdom of the bishopric . Konrad Rupert von Boxberg received the castle and rule of Schweinberg from the bishop, which since then has been associated with the office and dignity of the ducal treasurer . In 1299, the Boxberger transferred the castle and associated property to the Counts of Wertheim, who were related by marriage to him, and who in 1313 also assumed the office of treasurer. The counts tried to enforce their claim to state and judicial rule in their territory by setting up offices as administrative units. In addition to the castle and village of Schweinberg, a few other villages and hamlets also belonged to the new Schweinberg office. The prince-bishops, however, continued to regard Schweinberg as a Würzburg fiefdom.

In the course of inheritance disputes with Michael I von Wertheim, the castle was conquered and pillaged by the Würzburg monastery in 1437. However, the castle was rebuilt in 1473 and remained the official seat of a Wertheim ministerial. After the Counts of Wertheim died out, the office of hereditary treasurer and castle fell to the father of the widow Michael III in 1556, and after his death in 1574 to the Baron von Crichingen. After a long feud with the Wertheim heirs, Prince-Bishop Julius Echter enforced the reversal of the Schweinberg fief in 1612 - in court and at armed forces. However, the dispute could only be settled de facto; de jure it lasted until the end of the old empire in 1803. During the Thirty Years' War , the castle was damaged. Century as a quarry. The keep was restored in 1974.

investment

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The approximately 15-meter-high stump of the square keep , which rises above the largely filled neck moat on the eastern edge of the core castle, testifies to the formerly stately castle complex. The tower is largely deprived of its external facing made of humpback ashlars, so that the herringbone infill masonry is exposed. Furthermore, the substructure of an artillery roundel from the expansion in the late 15th century and small remains of the surrounding wall have been preserved.

The Badische Landesmuseum secures an elaborately ornamented round-arched double window that probably from completely disappeared Palas comes the foundation system. It was found walled up in the pigsty of the neighboring farm (site of the former outer bailey ) in 1894 and brought to Karlsruhe together with a capital . Other Romanesque architectural parts (wall columns, capitals, friezes) are in the County Museum in Wertheim and in the Erfatal Museum in Hardheim (see web links).

gallery

  • Castle-3.jpg
  • Castle-4.jpg
  • Castle-5.jpg
  • Castle-6.jpg
  • Schweinberg Panorama 1.jpg

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Certificate in the Wertheim State Archives

literature

  • Wolfgang Hartmann: "The destruction of Frankenberg Castle near Amorbach by Emperor Friedrich Barbarossa." In: Mainfränkisches Jahrbuch 45 (1993), pp. 76–91. ( here online )
  • Art monuments Baden, Volume IV, 3, Buchen and Adelsheim. Karlsruhe 1901, there pp. 82–86.
  • Max Miller (ed.): Handbook of the historical sites of Germany . Volume 6: Baden-Württemberg (= Kröner's pocket edition . Volume 276). Kröner, Stuttgart 1965, DNB 456882928 .
  • Rita Moller-Racke: "Studies on building sculpture around 1100 on the Upper and Middle Rhine." In: Oberrheinische Kunst 10 (1942), pp. 39–70.
  • Peter W. Sattler, Marion Sattler: Castles and palaces in the Odenwald. A guide to the historical sights . Diesbach media. Weinheim 2004. ISBN 3-936468-24-9
  • Karl Friedrich Schimper: Castles and palaces in the Rhine-Neckar triangle. Everything you need to know about the 128 castle complexes in North Baden, South Hesse and the Upper Palatinate . Schwetzingen 1994. ISBN 3-87742-151-2
  • Eva Zimmermann: The medieval sculptures in wood, stone, clay and bronze with selected examples of building sculpture. Karlsruhe: Badisches Landesmuseum 1985, there pp. 23-25.

Web links

Commons : Burg Schweinberg  - Collection of images, videos and audio files