Bacheburg

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Bacheburg
The remains of the castle in the open field

The remains of the castle in the open field

Alternative name (s): Lower castle
Creation time : around 1400
Castle type : Niederungsburg
Conservation status: ruin
Standing position : Niederadelsburg
Construction: Bricked sandstone, half-timbered
Place: Neustädterhof, Obernburg
Geographical location 49 ° 50 '29.9 "  N , 9 ° 5' 37.8"  E Coordinates: 49 ° 50 '29.9 "  N , 9 ° 5' 37.8"  E
Height: 138  m above sea level NN
Bacheburg (Bavaria)
Bacheburg

The Bacheburg is the ruin of a late medieval moated castle of the Niederadligen Bache von Neustadt, located between Mömlingen and Eisenbach in the Miltenberg district in Bavaria , directly on the border with Hesse ( Odenwaldkreis ).

Geographical location

The castle ruins (also called Lower Castle ) are located in the open about 150 meters southwest of the Mümling in today's Obernburg district of Neustädterhof , halfway and east of the approach from the B 426 to Neustädterhof. It is probably the successor to the existing 1400 to about Tower Hill Schneirersbuckel (moth) - also Upper Castle called - on the Schneirersbuckel behind Neustädterhof. This moth was built on an artificially raised hill and may have looked similar to the still-preserved Templar house in Amorbach . Just as the old castle was destroyed in a dispute with the house of Erbach , the second castle also came to an end just under forty years later in a dispute with a man from Erbach.

history

Four coat of arms stone of the castle, today walled in at the back of the town hall of Obernburg
The remains of the archway of the Bacheburg
The archway as seen from the castle in the direction of the main road and Mümling
Remnants of the ring wall at the northeast corner of the castle, behind it the Neustädter Hof
The remains of the castle; Facing south

The Bacheburg was built in 1403 by Jorg Bache von Nuwenstat , who later named himself after his castle . It is with Nuwenstat not today Breuberg district Neustadt (refounded in 1378) meant, but the much older Neustadt (1113 first mentioned) and the as today Neustädterhof Obernburger district known. The castle was built on parental property, near the Neustädterhof church, which was demolished in 1863 and which was probably the family burial place . In one of the two stone slabs that used to stand today at Mömlinger Church, the coat of arms of the Bache is said to have been carved in the 19th century.

Jorg Bache had probably tried with risky efforts to avert the financial ruin of his house at that time, which was very unfavorable for the knight aristocracy , and to secure a life befitting his family. According to several documents, he was forced to offer his little castle as a fief to the Counts of Wertheim , then lords of Breuberg Castle . Nevertheless, he had his wife's rights to the building guaranteed, which was probably intended as a widow's residence.

Jorg was married to Agnes von Erlebach . Through them the knight came to Bamberg fiefdoms and thus also to legal relations with the neighboring church, which belonged to the Dompropstei Bamberg . A four-coat of arms stone, which once stood above the entrance of the moated castle and which is now walled in next to the former location of the Obernburg Roman Museum on the back of the Obernburg town hall, testifies to the class consciousness of the couple . The stone shows the parental coats of arms of the two: on the left the Schelris von Wasserlos and von Erlenbach (mother and father of Agnes), on the right the coats of arms of the Raups (or von Sulzbach ) and the Bache (mother and father of Jorg).

According to a document from 1434, Jorg Bache was banned from the church by the dean and chapter of the Aschaffenburg collegiate monastery , probably after disputes about the Pfaffstangengut, a Fronhof in the former village of Hausen behind the sun (today a desert ) . The arrest of the local pastor of Wenigumstadt by one of his sons, Hans Bache, is probably related to this . It is known that Jorg's sons, Hans and Madern , attacked and probably robbed travelers who were escorted by the Archbishop of Mainz . One of the reasons for this is likely to have been the arguments and lack of money that occurred after her father was excommunicated. In 1440 the castle was captured and destroyed by riders of the Archbishop of Kurmainz , Dietrich Schenk von Erbach . As the main culprit, Hans Bache had to remain under house arrest in the burned-down castle for a year. In 1441 the two sons sold the (remaining) property at the Neustädter Hof. Hans became a local Burgmann on Breuberg, Madern was a Palatine clerk at the Veste Otzberg . When the castle was destroyed, all the wooden components were burned, so that the building was largely uninhabitable.

Around 1700 the old walls of the robber baron ruins were used as a retreat and shelter by a robber known as "Belljouseph" (Betteljosef). In 1750 a whole gang of thieves was imprisoned in the castle ruins. At the end of the 18th century, the moated castle was further destroyed. A leaseholder used stones from the still fairly high walls to repair the Mömling Bridge and to protect the bank. Other, more resistant parts of the buildings are said to have been blown up.

Todays use

Only a few parts of the castle are still in ruins today. Visits are only possible outside of the cultivation times (after the harvest and in winter). It is the last of the four castles in the Eisenbach area; the previous castle and the two castles in Eisenbach itself no longer exist today.

So far (as of 2019), no conservation measures have been carried out on the remains of the Bacheburg, and there are no indications of their importance in the Middle Ages (on display boards or similar).

Building history

The castle was a small moated castle. The two lower floors were made of stone, the floors above in half-timbered . The castle was surrounded by a moat about six meters wide . The silted up remains of the moat are still visible.

After the destruction in the 18th and 19th centuries, only the small remainder of the Bacheburg remained, which can be seen today as a ruin in the field. This includes the archway with remains of the gatehouse on the northwest side, which provided access to the forecourt via a drawbridge . In the almost square castle, another house, which no longer exists today, was attached to the defensive wall in the southeast corner. Remains of the curtain wall can be seen on the northeast side of the ruin .

The coat of arms of the Bache

The coat of arms shows a black crossbar in the lower field and a growing lion in the upper field. It refers to several lower aristocratic families of the Mümlingtal, which had a "-bach" in their name, and which existed around the Breuberg Castle and which had similar family coats of arms, for example the von Rosenbach family and the Bache von Nalsbach . These families can presumably be viewed as one tribe.

literature

  • Wolfgang Hartmann: Vanished small castles in the lower Mümlingtal . In: Spessart 1986, No. 11, pp. 2-14.
  • Wolfgang Hartmann: Excommunicated robber baron, empty burial chambers… . In: Spessart, 1991, issue 12, pp. 11-15.
  • Friedrich Wilhelm Krahe: Castles of the German Middle Ages, floor plan lexicon, Würzburg 1998
  • Rainer Kunze: From regional castle studies. 4. Neustädter Hof and "Bache-Burg", in: Mannheimer Geschichtsblätter. New series (MannheimerGbll NF) No. 7, Mannheim 2000, pp. 150–154 (magazine of the Society of Friends of Mannheim and the former Electoral Palatinate - Mannheimer Altertumsverein from 1859 )
  • Alfred Friedel Wolfert: Groups of coats of arms of the nobility in the Odenwald-Spessart area. In: Winfried Wackerfuß (Ed.): Contributions to the exploration of the Odenwald and its peripheral landscapes II. Festschrift for Hans H. Weber. Breuberg-Bund , Breuberg-Neustadt 1977, pp. 325–406, here p. 343.

Web links

Commons : Bacheburg  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

References and comments

  1. ↑ The goose coat of arms is that of the goose from Otzberg , which had two lines: the goose from Werde and the goose from Otzberg , cf. the image of the four- coat of arms on burgenwelt.de
  2. ↑ Hans von Erlenbach and Anna Schelris von Wasserlos had a small castle seat in Weckbach , see living and living together in the former "Free Court in front of the Welmisheim Mountains"
  3. ↑ In other literature they are given as Jörg Baches' great-nephew, cf. Life and coexistence in the former free court in front of the mountain Welmisheim