Collenburg

Collenburg
Ruins of the Collenburg from the southeast (Main side)
Alternative name (s):	Kollenburg
Creation time :	1214 extended by 1250
Castle type :	Höhenburg, hillside location
Conservation status:	ruin
Standing position :	Ministeriale
Construction:	Cuboid, quarry stone
Place:	Dorfprozelten - "Fechenberg"
Geographical location	49 ° 46 '25.2 "  N , 9 ° 21' 15.2"  E Coordinates: 49 ° 46 '25.2 "  N , 9 ° 21' 15.2"  E
Height:	195  m above sea level NHN

Map of the ruins of Collenburg

The Collenburg , also spelled Kollenburg , is a medieval hilltop castle at 195  m above sea level. NN der Schenken von Limpurg and Rüdt von Collenberg on the right bank of the Main between Fechenbach and Dorfprozelten in the Miltenberg district in Bavaria , Germany .

Geographical location

The ruin of the Collenburg, which extends in an east-west position, is located about one kilometer east of Fechenbach , a district of the right- Main Main town of Collenberg , 50 to 60 meters above the main valley on the southern edge of the Spessart on a spur made of sandstone from the Fechenberg. The sandstone rock was partly included in the structure . The ruins, surrounded by heavy vegetation, are only visible from the valley in the winter months and are difficult to access. From the Fechenbach forester's lodge, a narrow, steep serpentine footpath leads up to the castle. There is no public driveway, but the Maintalhöhenringweg marked with an "R" and the Franconian Marienweg touch the ruins.

Surname

The name Collenburg, or originally Collenberg, consists of the personal name Colbo (from Walter de Colbo) and the Middle High German word bërc for mountain or castle. The original castle name was used for the new name of the municipality of Collenberg.

history

In connection with the first mention of Fechenbach in 1214, the Collenburg was first mentioned in a document. The builder and owner is Walter von Schüpf, also called Walter de Colbo after his ancestor Conradus de Colbo, the builder of the nearby Clingenburg in Klingenberg am Main and Henneburg in Stadtprozelten . In the 13th century the castle became a feudal castle of the Teutonic Order Procelts in the hands of the Rüdt. In 1483 the castle came to the archbishopric of Mainz as feudal lord. The castle fell into disrepair in the 18th century.

The Limpurg taverns

General view of the undestroyed Collenburg from the south, 1625

Walter von Schüpf , who belonged to the Limpurg family and whose main seat was Limpurg Castle near Schwäbisch Hall , gave the castle near Fechenbach the name Collenburg based on the names of his ancestors. Walter von Schüpf married Elisabeth von Königstein Reicheneck around 1250 and moved with her to the Nuremberg Hersbruck area. He remained the owner of the Collenburg until Walter's death in 1268.

The Rüdt von Collenberg

Soon after the death of her husband, Walter's widow transferred the Collenburg to the Teutonic Order , from which Wipertus Rüde de Rüdenau took the castle as a fief and inheritance . He is the builder of the castle in Bödigheim near Buchen in the Odenwald and at the time of his death in 1306 he called himself Wipertus von Bödigheim. Until the end of the 13th century, the headquarters of the widely ramified Rüdt family was Amorbach . The branch of the family from which Wipertus descended had already settled in Rüdenau near Kleinheubach near Miltenberg. Wipertus is considered to be the progenitor of Rüdt von Bödigheim and Rüdt von Collenberg . The latter designation established itself in the following period as the name for both lines.

Wipertus' descendants on the Collenburg acquired the Allod Fechenbach and Reistenhausen in 1450 and converted it to knighthood . Even if the Collenburg came to the Archbishopric Mainz around 1500 through an exchange of territory from the Teutonic Order , this did not change the fiefdoms and the Knights von Rüdt stayed at the castle. The imperial immediacy was confirmed to them in 1541. The Rüdt line based on the Collenburg died out in 1635 as a male line of succession .

The Counts of Reigersberg

After the Rüdtsche succession had expired, the Archbishopric of Mainz was free to dispose of the Collenburg and in 1648 again awarded it as a fief and inheritance to the Electorate of Mainz Chancellor Nikolaus Georg von Reigersberg , co-signer of the Peace of Westphalia . His wife was a granddaughter of the last males from Collenburg. The Counts of Reigersberg resided at the Collenburg for around 100 years, until they no longer seemed appropriate to them and in 1750 they moved into their newly built Fechenbach am Main Castle . A small part of the castle served as the official residence and forester's residence for a few decades . The complex, which had always been spared from the effects of war, began to deteriorate.

Barons of Bethmann

Collenburg 1847

Around 1840 the forestry office moved to a newly built office building in the valley floor below the castle. The now uninhabited and ruinous Collenburg was increasingly used as a quarry . The Frankfurt banker Karl Freiherr von Bethmann acquired the entire property of the Reigersberg in 1842. While the Fechenbach castle was still inhabited, his son Baron Alexander von Bethmann sold most of the property, part of the buildings belonging to the castle and the ruins of Collenburg to the communities of Fechenbach and Reistenhausen after 1918.

Todays use

South gable of the eastern palace with the remains of a stair tower

Outer walls of the western palace

The advancing decline of the ruins of Collenburg could be stopped by security measures in the 1980s. A use similar to that of its sister castles in Klingenberg (theater festival) and Stadtprozelten (visitor castle) was not sought. In 2005–2007 the ruins were fundamentally stabilized and partially restored based on the model of the original building.

description

In the from of a closed curtain wall with square towers from the 16th to 17th century surrounded system are in the forecastle of the residential building with parts staircase towers also obtained from the 14th to the 16th century, as remnants of the northern front of the Palas and its towering Ostgiebelwand in the main castle . The access bridge and gatehouse with archways from 1589 and 1609 are almost completely present. A round spiral stairwell (referred to as "fountain" on the map) opened up a weir that closed off the neck ditch , from which a chamber carved into the rock on the mountain side was accessible.

The lower part of the steeply sloping Main side was terraced as a vineyard in 1830 . After the end of viticulture in 1918, the terraces were used for planting fruit trees.

literature

• Anton Rahrbach, Jörg Schöffl, Otto Schramm: Palaces and castles in Lower Franconia - A complete representation of all palaces, manors, castles and ruins in the Lower Franconian independent cities and districts . Hofmann Verlag, Nuremberg 2002, ISBN 3-87191-309-X , p. 182.
• Ursula Pfistermeister : Castles, fortified churches, city walls around Würzburg . In: Wehrhaftes Franken . tape 2 . Ernst Carl, Nuremberg 2001, ISBN 3-418-00386-9 , pp. 30-31 .
• Karl Gröber: Lower Franconian castles . Dr. B. Filser, Augsburg 1924.
• Adam Hessler: 296 castles and palaces in Lower Franconia and the adjacent areas of Middle Franconia, Württemberg and Baden - history and description. Edited according to the existing literature . Perschmann, Würzburg 1909.

Web links

Commons : Burg Collenberg  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

• Kollenberg Castle on the House of Bavarian History site
• Collenburg Castle on the burgenwelt.de site
• Burgfreunde Kollenburg #
• Reconstruction drawing by Wolfgang Braun

Individual evidence

1. ↑ www.fernwege.de
2. ^ Wolf-Armin von Reitzenstein : Lexicon of Franconian place names. Origin and meaning . Upper Franconia, Middle Franconia, Lower Franconia. CH Beck, Munich 2009, ISBN 978-3-406-59131-0 , p. 50 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
3. ↑ Historical Atlas of Bavaria . In: part of Franconia . Series 1, Issue 25. Munich 1979, p. 88 ff .
4. ^ House of Bavarian History: Collenberg community. Bavarian State Ministry for Science, Research and the Arts, accessed on December 27, 2012 . 
5. ↑ 'DER ODENWALD', magazine of the Breuberg-Bund, 40th year. Issue 2 / June 1993, p. 79 ff
6. ↑ ^{a b c portrait of the} community. (No longer available online.) Collenberg parish, archived from the original on July 30, 2012 ; Retrieved December 27, 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
7. ↑ Schloßruine Kollenberg monument (No. D-6-76-117-1) at the Bavarian State Office for Monument Preservation ( Memento of the original from January 13, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.