Markward

This article deals with the Abbot of Fulda Markward I. For the Abbot of Fulda Markward II. And for other persons with the name Markward see Markward (Name) .

Markward I († July 23, 1168 in Bischofsheim ; also Marquard and Marcuard ) was abbot of the imperial monastery of Fulda from 1150 to 1165 . He is considered an important abbot who restituted lost property titles of his monastery, expanded the building fabric and secured the land of the monastery with permanent castles.

Life

Markward is of unknown origin. From his youth he was raised in the monastery of St. Michael auf dem Berge in Bamberg , which was then very important from a political point of view , and received his spiritual and philosophical training in this monastery, which still exists today.

Before his appointment by King Konrad III. Markward was abbot from around 1142 in the Benedictine Abbey Deggingen (today Mönchsdeggingen near Nördlingen / Ries) , which was founded in 959 and is subordinate to Bamberg monastery . He left an autobiography with the description of his deeds as Abbot of Fulda , the "Gesta domni Marcuardi abbatis". In this statement of accounts he presented his services to the reforming and rebuilding of the imperial abbey, which was economically depressed when he took office.

The confirmation of Marquard as Abbot of Fulda was made by Pope Eugene III. Late 1150 / early 1151 in Ferrentino in central Italy. Immediately after his consecration in Rome, Markward restituted numerous alienated monastery properties that had fallen into the hands of neighboring, local noble families, he restored the rights of the monastery in many places, also fought against the rampant robber baronism militarily , destroyed castles on which "thieves and robbers "and surrounded the city of Fulda with" very strong walls ", ramparts, dams and gates. He also restored the desolate structure of the monastery itself. So he rebuilt the south tower of the Ratgarbasilika, built in 791–819, which collapsed in 1120, and ensured a functioning water supply within the monastery.

Under his abbatiat, the otherwise unknown Eberhard, perhaps a Fulda monk or converse, edited the Fulda register of documents in one of the largest known forgery campaigns of the Middle Ages in favor of the monastery and summarized it in a so-called cartular (the so-called " Codex Eberhardi ") , many original documents subsequently destroyed.

In 1157 Abbot Markward experienced the climax of his abbatism. On March 22nd, a big Reichstag of Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa takes place in Fulda . In the presence of the emperor, the restored part of the basilica is consecrated on Palm Sunday. In 1158 Markward founds the new St. Vitus Hospital. In the same year Markward accompanies the emperor on his military expedition to Italy.

When Markward no longer wanted to follow the imperial anti-papal policy in 1165 - for this reason he probably did not take part in the Reichstag in Würzburg, he was removed from office by Friedrich I and deported to the St. Andreas Provost on the Neuenberg in Fulda. Markward died on July 23, 1168 in Bischofsheim near Hanau and was buried in the collegiate church in Fulda. The city of Fulda honors the great reformer with a street named after him and an elementary school of the same name.

literature

• Georg Misch, History of the Autobiography , Vol. III, 2.1, Frankfurt am Main 1959, pp. 291–295.
• The Gesta Marcuardi , introduced and translated by Theodor Niederquell, in: Fuldaer Geschichtsblätter 38, 1962, pp. 176–191.
• Eckhard Freise:  Markward. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 16, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1990, ISBN 3-428-00197-4 , p. 223 f. ( Digitized version ).
• Bruno W. Häuptli:  Markward. In: Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL). Volume 27, Bautz, Nordhausen 2007, ISBN 978-3-88309-393-2 , Sp. 911-915.
• Franz J. Worstbrock, in: The German literature of the Middle Ages. Author's Lexicon, Vol. 6, 2nd ed. Berlin New York 1987, pp. 79-81, ISBN 3-11-010754-6
• Josef Leinweber, The Fulda Abbots and Bishops . Knecht, Frankfurt / Main 1989, pp. 56–59, ISBN 3-7820-0585-6
• Berthold Jäger (Ed.): Fulda in the Old Kingdom . Publication of the Fuldaer Geschichtsverein 59. Parzeller , Fulda 1996, ISBN 3-7900-0275-5
• Winfried H. Witzel: The Fulda Ministerials of the 12th and 13th centuries . Parzeller, Fulda 1998, ISBN 3-7900-0295-X
• Heinrich Meyer zu Ermgassen (ed.), De gestis domni Marcuardi abbatis, in: Ders., The Codex Eberhardi des Klosters Fulda , Vol. 2 (Publications of the Historical Commission for Hesse 58). Elwert, Marburg 1996, pp. 354-360, ISBN 3-7708-1059-7
• Bruno W. Häuptli, in Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon, Vol. 27, Nordhausen 2007, pp. 911–915, ISBN 3-88309-393-9
• Gereon Becht-Jördens Wolfgang Haubrichs: Fulda, in: Mertin Schubert (ed.), Writing places of the Middle Ages. Scriptoria - Works - Patrons. De Gruyter, Berlin Boston 2013, pp. 175–215, here pp. 188f.

Web links

• Marcuardus abbas Fuldensis in the repertory "Historical Sources of the German Middle Ages"

Individual evidence

1. ↑ (see below literature) idem, The Codex Eberhardi Vol 2, pp 354-360; Heinrich Meyer to Ermgassen in.. German translation by Theodor Niederquell, in: Fuldaer Geschichtsblätter 38, 1962, pp. 176–191.
2. ↑ Michael Mott : Abbot Marquard and his stay in Italy / Pope Eugene III. confirmed Marquard's election as Fulda Abbot, in: "Buchenblätter" Fuldaer Zeitung , 80th year, No. 3, February 8, 2007, pp. 9,10; No. 4, February 19, 2007, p. 15.

predecessor	Office	successor
Heinrich II of Bingarten	Abbot of Fulda 1150–1165	Gernot