Panzers wasp buck
| Panzers wasp buck | ||||||||||||
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Panzer wasp buck |
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Necydalis ulmi | ||||||||||||
| ( Chevrolat , 1838) |
Panzers wasps Bock ( Necydalis ulmi ) is a beetle from the family of longhorn beetles , which removes a large parasitic wasp resembles. The species can easily be confused with Necydalis major . The stately beetle is quite rare and usually develops in old oaks.
The species is listed in the Red List of Endangered Species in Germany , as well as in the states of Bavaria , Brandenburg and Saxony under Category 1 (threatened with extinction). In Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania , North Rhine-Westphalia , Rhineland-Palatinate , Saxony-Anhalt and Schleswig-Holstein it is considered to be extinct or lost .
Comments on the name and system
The name wasp buck is due to the fact that the beetle is strongly reminiscent of a large parasitic wasp because of the membranous hind wings that lie unfolded on the abdomen and the easily overlooked elytra. The generic name Necydalis is already used by Aristotle , but not for a beetle, but for a kind of silk moth .
Linné took over the name "Necydalis" as early as 1735 in the first edition of his Systema naturae . In the 10th edition, 1758, the genus Necydalis is described under no. 190 (p. 84/421) with the words: Antennae setaceae, elytra diminiata, Ala nudae, Cauda simplex ( Latin: feeler thread-like, wing covers reduced in size, wings uncovered, body end simple (not with attachments like the catchy tune , which Linnaeus counts among the Coleoptera )). The genus is placed in front of Kurzflügler and Earwig, in violation of the numbering adopted from earlier editions . It contains only two species, a large billy wasp Necydalis major (lat. Major larger) and a small billy wasp Necydalis minor (lat. Minor smaller)
Later, on closer examination of the anatomy, it became clear that the smaller billy wasp is so fundamentally different from the larger that it is placed in a different genus as Molorchus minor . In the case of the large billy wasp, Büttner first noticed that the larvae of one species developed in softwood species ( poplar , willow ), while another species preferred hardwood. Chevrolat worked out the anatomical differences between the adults of these two species . He split off the new species Necydalis ulmi ( lat. Úlmi, to elm, elm) from Necydalis major and named it because it develops in elms , among other things .
Independently of Chevrolat, the German Panzer also described the hardwood form of the wasp buck under the name Necydalis abbreviata Panz. and Reitter leads them as Necydalis Panzeri Harold synonymously to Necydalis abbreviata Panz., which explains the German name "Panzers Wespenbock".
In Europe the genus Necydalis is only represented by Necydalis major and Necydalis ulmi . Worldwide, however, it includes at least four subgenera with well over fifty species.
Characteristics of the beetle
With a length of 19 to 21 millimeters, the Panzers wasp billy, together with the great billy wasp, is one of the two Central European beetle species that differ significantly in size from other longhorn beetles with shortened wing covers ( genus Molorchus ).
The head, pronotum and abdomen are mostly black, parts of the abdomen are yellow-red. The legs are yellow-red, the tips of the hind legs and rear rails darkened.
Seen from above, the head is wider than it is long, with the mouthparts pointing downwards. The antennae are thread-shaped and only reach about half the body length. The head closes wide on the pronotum.
The elytra are small, brown, individually rounded at the tip and hairy golden yellow. They only cover the second part of the chest, but not even partially the hind wings.
Males and females are easy to distinguish at the end of the abdomen. In the females this is rounded to a point, in the males it is broad. The distinction between the Panzers wasp buck and the greater wasp buck is not easy. In the males the color of the abdomen and legs is different; however, since the coloration varies, this is not a sure distinguishing feature. The fifth abdomen segment of the male is deeply and broadly indented on the underside over the entire length of the Panzers wasp buck, but only at the end of the large wasp buck. In the females, the 4th and 5th abdomen segment below in the large billy wasp are almost equally dotted, in contrast, the fifth segment of the abdomen is less dense, but more coarsely punctured than the fourth in the panzer wasp. In addition, the panzer wasp buck on the side of the pronotum has dense and long yellowish hairs (picture 3). In Central Europe, this does not apply to the Greater Ibex, but in the east of the range this distinguishing feature is not certain.
biology
The forest-dwelling species is mainly found in primeval deciduous forests and old parks. The adults are usually found on umbellifers or on the breeding trees. They eat pollen and wood. The beetle appears in July, and earlier in the west of the distribution area.
The larva of Panzers wasp buck develops in old deciduous trees, mainly in beech , oak and elm , in rotten trunks or strong dying branches of still living trees.
The eggs are laid in tree hollows with fungal attack. The larva lives in a red-brown to yellow substrate, which is produced by the activity of various wood-destroying fungi. The fungal mycelium surrounds the larval ducts and the resulting characteristic color reveals the presence of the species. The life cycle is three to four years.
distribution
The distribution area extends from Spain to Ukraine and Belarus . Areas west of the Caucasus are also reached. In central and eastern southern Europe, the distribution area includes Italy and Greece . The beetle can be found from sea level to 800 meters.
literature
- Heinz joy, Karl Wilhelm Harde, Gustav Adolf Lohse (ed.): The beetles of Central Europe . tape 9 . Cerambycidae Chrysomelidae . Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Munich 1999, ISBN 3-8274-0683-8 (first edition: Goecke & Evers, Krefeld 1966).
- Rejzek M. and Vlasák J. (2000 [1999]): "Larval nutrition and female oviposition preferences of Necydalis ulmi Chevrolat, 1838", Biocosme Mésogéen (Nice) 16 (1-2): pp. 55-66
- Adolf Horion : Faunistics of the Central European Beetles, Bd. XII . Überlingen-Bodensee 1974
- Klaus Koch : The Beetles of Central Europe . Ed .: Heinz Freude . tape 3 : ecology . Goecke & Evers, Krefeld 1992, ISBN 3-87263-042-3 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Red lists at BioNetworkX
- ↑ Aristotle: Historia Animalium 5th book 350 BC. Chr. Part 19 [1]
- ↑ Sigmund Schenkling: Explanation of the scientific beetle names (genus)
- ↑ WTM Forbes: The silkworm of Aristotle Classical Philology Vol. 25, No. 1 (Jan. 1930), pp22-26 as html
- ↑ Caroli Linnei, ... systema naturae ... 1758 digitized copy at BHL
- ↑ C.Linnaeus: Systema Naturae per Regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata Stockholm 1758 Genus Page 421 No. 190
- ↑ Sigmund Schenkling: Explanation of the scientific beetle names (species)
- ^ Report of the meeting in Revue Zoologique par La Société Cuvierienne 1839 p. 63
- ^ E. Mulsant: Histoire naturelle des Coléoptères de France Paris 1862-1863 Species p.236
- ↑ Edmund Reitter : Fauna Germanica, the beetles of the German Empire, Volume IV, KGLutz 'Verlag, Stuttgart 1912, p. 24
- ↑ Necydalis in Fauna Europaea. Retrieved February 24, 2013
- ↑ Necydalis at BioLib
- ↑ Larva of Panzers Wespenbock ( Memento of the original from February 16, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Suitable tree cave for oviposition ( Memento of the original from February 16, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Cross-section of a tree with passages of the larvae of the Panzers Waspenbock ( Memento of the original from February 16, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Distribution area of Necydalis ulmi in Fauna Europaea
- ↑ Description in "Cerambycidae of West Palaearctic Region"
