Parabuthus distridor
| Parabuthus distridor | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Parabuthus distridor | ||||||||||||
| Lamoral , 1980 |
Parabuthus distridor is in South Africa endemic occurring Scorpio the family Buthidae .
features
Parabuthus distridor is a small scorpion about 45 to 50 millimeters in length. It has a yellow-brown color in different tones, the legs and the telson are dark yellow-orange, the comb organs are light yellow-orange.
The sternum is almost triangular and as long as it is wide. The comb organs have 22 to 23 teeth in female scorpions and 23 to 27 teeth in males.
The telotarsi of all legs have greatly elongated outer pairs of claws. The claws on the two front pairs of legs are twice as thick and significantly longer than those of the rear pairs of legs. The pseudonychia of the front pairs of legs are unusually strong and twice as long as those of the rear. The first three pairs of legs have a row of powerful setae arranged in a comb-like manner on the back of the telotarsi, basitarsi and tibia .
The surface of the carapace is completely weakly granulated. The seventh tergite is slightly granulated, the first six only have a slightly granular surface on the outer edges. The sternites are smooth and shiny. The dorsal surfaces of the segments of the metasoma and telsons are smooth and shiny, the undersides are partially or completely weakly granulated. The surfaces of the chelae and tibiae of the pedipalps , the chelicerae and the legs are smooth and shiny, only the femora have a slightly grainy surface on the upper and outer sides. The immobile fingers of the chelicerae have two teeth inside at the base.
The male scorpions appear slimmer overall. Compared to the female, they have significantly shorter fingers of the chelae with longer, wider and stronger backs of the hands. The ratio of the lengths of the movable fingers to the back of the hand is about 1.10 to 1.15 in male and about 1.90 in female scorpions. Male scorpions have 23 or more, female 23 or fewer teeth on the comb organs.
The most noticeable distinguishing feature from the closest related species Parabuthus kuanyamarum and all other species of the genus Parabuthus is the lack of granular and sometimes with pronounced keels provided stridulation surfaces on the first two segments of the metasoma. The representatives of the other species generate noises when excited by repeatedly pulling their poison sting over the stridulation surfaces. In addition, the segments of the metasoma lack some of the keels found in other species.
distribution and habitat
The Terra typica of Parabuthus distridor is located in the Richtersveld , west of the Richtersveld cultural landscape , about eight kilometers south of the Springklipberg ( 28 ° 40 ′ 0 ″ S , 16 ° 53 ′ 0 ″ E ). The distribution area includes sandy areas of the Richtersveld, the species has not been detected north of the Oranje . Parabuthus distridor lives syntopically with Parabuthus capensis in its entire distribution area , but allopatric to its sister taxon Parabuthus kuanyamarum .
The Richtersveld is a dry mountain desert in the far northwest of the North Cape Province, on the border with Namibia . The climatic conditions, with mean annual rainfall of 25 to 75 millimeters, have produced a unique flora and fauna with numerous endemics . The western half of the Richtersveld has large areas of sand, partly with the formation of shifting dunes . The localities are in sandy deserts and the succulent caroo .
Way of life
Various morphological adaptations, in particular the greatly elongated claws on the telotarsi and the setae on the front legs, indicate that Parabuthus distridor belongs to the psammophilic species of the genus Parabuthus . All specimens found were found resting on sand dunes during the night. No information is available about their habits, in particular whether they also dig living tubes at the sites where they were found.
Systematics
Parabuthus distridor is closely related to Parabuthus kuanyamarum , both species form a clade with the species Parabuthus nanus and Parabuthus gracilis, which were first described in 1979 .
Initial description
The first description of Parabuthus distridor was made in 1980 by the South African arachnologists Bruno H. Lamoral after a series of scorpions on the type locality along with ammopus Opistophthalmus were found.
Type material
The type material consists of a female adult holotype and three female and 18 male paratypes. The holotype, the female paratypes and 14 male paratypes are in the collection of the KwaZulu-Natal Museum in Pietermaritzburg . One male paratype each is deposited in the collections of the Muséum national d'histoire naturelle in Paris, the Natural History Museum in London, the American Museum of Natural History in New York and the California Academy of Sciences in San Francisco.
etymology
The species name distridor is derived from the Latin verb strīdēre (German: hiss, buzz, chirp ) with the negative prefix dis- , the distridor is the non-hissing . The naming refers to the stridulation areas typical for species of the genus Parabuthus and missing in Parabuthus distridor on the first two segments of the metasoma.
literature
- Bruno H. Lamoral: Two new psammophile species and new records of scorpions from the northern Cape Province of South Africa (Arachnida: Scorpionida) . In: Annals of the Natal Museum 1980, Volume 24, No. 1, pp. 201-210, online .
- Lorenzo Prendini: The systematics of southern African Parabuthus Pocock (Scorpiones, Buthidae): Revisions to the taxonomy and key to the species . In: Journal of Arachnology 2004, Volume 32, No. 1, pp. 109-187, doi : 10.1636 / H03-17 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Bruno H. Lamoral: Two new psammophile species and new records of scorpions from the northern Cape Province of South Africa , p. 207.
- ↑ a b c d e f Bruno H. Lamoral: Two new psammophile species and new records of scorpions from the northern Cape Province of South Africa , p. 210.
- ↑ a b Bruno H. Lamoral: Two new psammophile species and new records of scorpions from the northern Cape Province of South Africa , p. 209.
- ↑ a b Bruno H. Lamoral: Two new psammophile species and new records of scorpions from the northern Cape Province of South Africa , p. 208.
- ^ A b Bruno H. Lamoral: Two new psammophile species and new records of scorpions from the northern Cape Province of South Africa , p. 206.
- ^ Lorenzo Prendini: The systematics of southern African Parabuthus Pocock (Scorpiones, Buthidae) , p. 115.
- ↑ a b Lorenzo Prendini: The systematics of southern African Parabuthus Pocock (Scorpiones, Buthidae) , pp. 141-142.
- ↑ Lorenzo Prendini: The systematics of southern African Parabuthus Pocock (Scorpiones, Buthidae) , p. 142.
- Jump up ↑ Lorenzo Prendini: The systematics of southern African Parabuthus Pocock (Scorpiones, Buthidae) , p. 143.
- ↑ Bruno H. Lamoral: Two new psammophile species and new records of scorpions from the northern Cape Province of South Africa , p. 201.
- ↑ Gérard Dupré: Dictionary of scientific scorpion names. In: Arachnides. Bulletin de Terrariophilie et de Recherche 2016, Supplément au n ° 78, p. 20, online PDF , 560 kB.