Paraguay Jaborandi
| Paraguay Jaborandi | ||||||||||||
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Pilocarpus pennatifolius , illustration |
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| Pilocarpus pennatifolius | ||||||||||||
| Lem. |
The Paraguay-Jaborandi ( Pilocarpus pennatifolius ), also Rutakraut called, is one in South America native plant type from the kind of Jaborandis ( Pilocarpus ) in the family of Rutaceae ( Rutaceae ).
description
The Paraguay-Jaborandi grows as a shrub over 3 meters high . The bark is gray-brown and rough, hot.
The alternate and stalked leaves are imparipinnate with 3–7 leathery leaflets . The egg-shaped, round-pointed and indented, whole-margined leaflets are glabrous on the top and short-haired on the underside. The leaflets are almost sessile or have a short stalk, only the terminal leaflet is longer stalked. They are 10-16 inches long and 4-7 inches wide.
Terminal, long grapes are formed. The five-fold, very small and stalked, purple to red-brown flowers are double- coated . They are underlaid by two small front pages. The small chalice is short five-lobed. The leathery, plump and spreading petals are ovate to oblong and pointed. There are 5 relatively short stamens with purple to reddish stamens. The upper permanent, to reddish purple and fünfkammerig, -lappige ovary is flattened, rounded with a lobe-shaped, short, gynobasischen stylus with lobed scar .
Five-part, brown and leathery pelvic fruits are formed, the individual, one to two-seeded fruits open with two lobes. The black, shiny and flattened seeds, with white hilum , are kidney-shaped.
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 44.
distribution
The homeland of the Paraguay-Jaborandi is in Paraguay , southern Brazil and northeastern Argentina .
use
The leaves of the plant contain 1% alkaloids , including pilocarpine and isopilocarpine , as well as essential oils . In medicine, the leaves are used under the name Jaborandi folium , or extracts from them.
The pharmacological effect is mainly due to the alkaloid pilocarpine. Even with low doses, side effects such as profuse sweating , visual disturbances , vomiting , diarrhea , heart failure and accumulation of secretions in the bronchi can occur. In Germany, Jaborandi leaves and preparations made from them, apart from homeopathic dilutions from D3, are considered questionable medicinal products. Their delivery is prohibited.
Surname
Synonyms for the species are Pilocarpus pinnatus Mart. ex Engl. , Pilocarpus selloanus Engl. , Pilocarpus simplex hort. ex Baill. and Pilocarpus trijugatus Lem.
The name Jaborandi can be derived from an Indian word for "increased sweat".
literature
- FG Kohl: The official plants of the Pharmacopoea Germanica. Barth, 1895, p. 92 f, online at biodiversitylibrary.org.
- K. Kubitzki : The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants. Vol. X: Flowering Plants Eudicots. , Springer, 2011, ISBN 978-3-642-14396-0 , p. 342.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Pilocarpus pennatifolius at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
- ^ Medicines Commission of German Pharmacists: Questionable Prescription Medicines (PDF).
Web links
- Pilocarpus pennatifolius at Useful Tropical Plants.
- Brief description at giftpflanze.com.
- Pilocarpus pennatifolius in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
- Brief description at plantamed.com.br ( Memento from October 14, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) (portug.).