Paul-Jacques Malouin

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Paul-Jacques Malouin

Paul-Jacques Malouin (born June 27, 1701 in Caen , † January 3, 1778 in Versailles ) was a French doctor , chemist and encyclopedia .

Live and act

Malouin graduated from medical school in 1730 against the wishes of his father, who was a legal clerk in Caen . First he was sent to Paris to study law. He enrolled in Reims in 1724 and in Paris in 1730. He gained a very good reputation as a doctor and became professor of medicine, professeur de médecine , at the Collège de France and a member of the Société de médecine de Paris (see also Académie nationale de Médecine ). After studying medicine, he settled in Paris in 1734 and practiced in a doctor's office that he opened. He recruited patients from the aristocracy and the royal family.

With the help of Bernard le Bovier de Fontenelle , a distant relative, he entered the Académie des Sciences in 1742 . His scientific interests lay particularly in the fields of chemistry and medicine. In 1745 he was appointed professor of chemistry, professeur de chimie at the Jardin du Roi . He examined various chemical elements and compounds such as zinc , calcium carbonate , tin oxide , mercury amalgam , antimony , tin and lead .

In medicine, he paid particular attention to questions of hygiene , so he observed epidemics and their consequences that were rampant in Paris for nine years . He attributed their occurrence to the different air temperatures and noted the results of his research in a series of papers and published them in the Académie des sciences between 1746 and 1754.

In 1753, Malouin entered into a closer relationship with the royal court. He practiced as the Queen's personal physician, médecin de la reine , for a salary of 22,000 livres in the year, and in 1770 he was appointed physician of the Dauphine of France . In these positions he spent more and more time at court, so he was granted an apartment in the Louvre and in Versailles.

In 1742, in a lecture at the Royal Society , Malouin described a process for coating iron by dipping it in molten zinc ( hot-dip galvanizing ).

He contributed more than 75 articles on chemistry to the successor to the Encyclopédie by Denis Diderot and the other encyclopedia , the Encyclopédie méthodique , published by Charles-Joseph Panckoucke .

In 1753 he was accepted as a member of the Royal Society . He was appointed professor for the chair of internal medicine at the Collège de France in 1776, and he held this position until his death in January 1778. At the time of his death, his fortune was estimated at 132,775 livres, 110,000 of which were in bonds . He had invested 18,500 livres in the Compagnie des Indes .

Works (selection)

  • In reactionis actionisque æqualitate æconomia animalis , Paris, 1730, in-4 °.
  • Traité de chimie, contenant la manière de préparer les remèdes qui sont le plus en usage dans la pratique de la médecine , Paris, 1734, in-12. ( online )
  • Lettre en réponse à la critique du Traité de chimie , Paris, 1735, in-12.
  • An ad sanitatem musice Paris, 1743, at-4 °.
  • Pharmacopée chimique, ou chimie médicinale , Paris, 1760, 2 vol. in-12; 1755, in-12.
  • Arts du meunier, du boulanger et du vermicellier, dans la collection des Arts et métiers publiée par l'Académie des sciences , Paris, 1767.

The following works have been published in the memoirs Académie des Sciences :

  • Histoire des maladies épidémiques observées à Paris en même temps que les différentes températures de l'air, depuis 1746 jusqu'en 1754 .
  • Analysis of the eaux savonneuses de Plombières , 1746.

literature

Web links

Wikisource: Paul-Jacques Malouin  - Sources and full texts (French)

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Frank A. Kafker: Recherches sur Diderot et sur l'Encyclopédie. Année (1990) Volume 8 Numéro 8 p. 102 .
  2. ↑ James E. McClellan: Specialist Control: The Publications Committee of the Académie Royale. DIANE, 2003 ISBN 0-87169-933-8 , pp. 62-63.
personal data
SURNAME Malouin, Paul-Jacques
BRIEF DESCRIPTION French doctor, chemist and encyclopaedist
DATE OF BIRTH June 27, 1701
PLACE OF BIRTH Caen
DATE OF DEATH January 3, 1778
Place of death Versailles