Paul Hannong

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Terrine in the shape of a wild boar's head from the Strasbourg production

Paul Hannong (* around 1700 in Mainz ; † May 31, 1760 ) was a faience and porcelain manufacturer . He set up the Frankenthal porcelain factory , which existed from 1755 to 1800.

Life

Paul Hannong came from a family of pottery manufacturers. According to several sources such as Carl Christian Dauterman or the Neue Deutsche Biographie, he was a son of Charles-François Hannong , who came from Holland, but according to Ludwig Schnorr von Carolsfeld, he was the son of Paul Anton Hannong.

From 1732 or from 1743 he headed a faience manufacture in Strasbourg that his father had built up. His brother Balthasar was the manager of a branch in Haguenau .

His first marriage was to Marie Anne Boujote, who died in 1730, the year they were married. In 1731 he married Catherine Barbe Acker, the daughter of the Strasbourg city tile maker Jean Adam Acker . The marriage produced eight sons and seven daughters, many of whom died in childhood.

After Charles-François Hannong had claimed as early as 1726 that he had discovered the secret of porcelain production and thus produced the first porcelain in France, Paul Hannong apparently acquired knowledge of this art around the middle of the 18th century that allowed him to to produce larger quantities of porcelain. He probably owed this gain in knowledge to either defectors from Meißen or Joseph Jakob Ringler .

He has now expanded the range of his products. From 1751 he made porcelain; From 1753 this was brought onto the market in white, painted and gold-decorated variations. Since he developed into a competitor for the manufacture in the Vincennes Castle with the production of hard-paste porcelain , which only mastered the production of soft-paste porcelain , his business in Strasbourg was shut down in 1754. Vincennes had already been protected by a royal decree in 1745, which was intended to make competition from the manufactories in St. Cloud, Chantilly and Mennecy more difficult and which was intensified in 1753. This privilege referred only to porcelain "in the Saxon manner", which could mean decorative elements that were typical for Meissen , but was then interpreted to the detriment of Hannong as a privilege to produce porcelain at all. Hannong then tried to enforce the position that these rules did not apply to the free city of Strasbourg, but only to the rest of France, but did not get through to Machault, who was in charge of the control. He then tried to come to an agreement with the director of the Vincenner Manufactory Boileau, but this only led to Boileau gaining information about Hannong's production secrets and then working to oust his competitor Hannong from Strasbourg.

Il paniere misterioso , Frankenthal, around 1760

Hannong then relocated his production to Frankenthal in the domain of Duke Carl Theodor . He received a contract from him that guaranteed him tax breaks and a monopoly in the Palatinate. This treaty was published on May 26, 1755; In June of the same year, the company and its proven workforce such as the porcelain maker Johann Wilhelm Lanz moved. Paul Hannong handed over the management of the Frankenthal porcelain manufactory to his son Karl, who was 23 years old at the time and was to be supported by his younger brother Pierre-Antoine (Peter), and moved back to Strasbourg himself, where he continued to devote himself to his faience manufacture.

Although he had moved back to Strasbourg, Paul Hannong received the title of Electoral Palatinate Councilor of Commerce in December 1755 ; a few weeks later Karl Hannong was also awarded this title.

After Karl Hannong died on July 29, 1757, his brother Joseph Adam Hannong was entrusted with the management of the manufacture in Frankenthal. Under Joseph Adam Hannong, who married on June 13, 1759 and took over the factory from his father, the modeller Johann Friedrich Lück , who had previously worked in Meißen, was employed. Joseph Adam Hannong, who pursued a policy of low prices, got into financial difficulties after the unexpected death of Paul Hannong on May 31, 1760, because he could not meet the inheritance claims of his siblings. As a result, he was forced to sell the Frankenthal porcelain factory. His sovereign Carl Theodor took over one third of the estimated value on February 1, 1762; This was preceded by difficulties with Pierre-Antoine Hannong, who had betrayed manufacturing secrets from Frankenthal to Sèvres .

Fate of the company

The former family business that Paul Hannong had built up was no longer financially successful in state hands, although advertising campaigns such as B. a china lottery was started and foreign diplomats were given valuable state gifts made of china. Even the recruitment of the highest model master Johann Peter Melchior in 1779 could not bring about a change.

The relocation of the residence from Mannheim to Munich in 1777 and the war events in 1794, because of which the stocks, the latest models and the raw material kaolin were outsourced to Mannheim, had a negative effect on the Frankenthal manufactory. In 1795 it passed into the possession of Johann Nepomuk van Recum for a short time , but in the same year it came back under electoral administration, whereupon it was returned to van Recum in 1797 after the cession of the Palatinate on the left bank of the Rhine to France . He gave up the porcelain manufacture in Frankenthal, which had only produced inferior goods in the end, in 1799 and moved with the Frankenthal molds, devices and some workers to Grünstadt, where he founded an earthenware factory . The history of the Frankenthal porcelain factory officially ended with a rescript by Elector Maximilian IV Joseph on May 27, 1800.

literature

Web links

Commons : Paul Hannong  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ The date of baptism in the NDB is April 22nd, 1701.
  2. ↑ a b c History of the Hannong family on paindepices-lips.com
  3. ^ A b c Carl Christian Dauterman: Sèvres Porcelain: Makers and Marks of the Eighteenth Century . Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York 1986, ISBN 0-87099-227-9 , pp. 17th ff . (English, 262 p., limited preview in the Google book search).
  4. ^ A b Ludwig Schnorr von Carolsfeld: Porcelain of the European factories of the 18th century . BoD - Books on Demand, 2012, ISBN 978-3-95454-380-9 , pp. 172 (288 p., Limited preview in Google Book search).
  5. ↑ Johann Heinrich Moritz Poppe: History of technology from the restoration of science to the end of the eighteenth century . tape 3 . Göttingen 1811 ( limited preview in the Google book search).
  6. ^ Hans Haug:  Hannong, Paul Anton. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 7, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1966, ISBN 3-428-00188-5 , p. 622 f. ( Digitized version ).
  7. ^ Neues Kunst- und Gewerbeblatt , 11th year, Munich 1825, p. 293
  8. ^ City administration Frankenthal
personal data
SURNAME Hannong, Paul
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Faience and porcelain manufacturers
DATE OF BIRTH around 1700
PLACE OF BIRTH Mainz
DATE OF DEATH May 31, 1760