Paul Pfurtscheller

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Paul Pfurtscheller (born November 20, 1855 in Salzburg , † February 5, 1927 in Vienna ) was an Austrian zoologist .

Life

Paul Pfurtscheller was born on November 20, 1855 in Salzburg. After completing his schooling at the Academic Gymnasium in Salzburg, he enrolled in “Natural History” in 1874 at the University of Vienna . In 1877 he wrote his dissertation on anatomical details of conifers at the Institute of Plant Physiology. Since 1877 he was a member of the Imperial and Royal Zoological and Botanical Society. The teaching examination for natural history and physics followed in 1880. At least one publication proves that he continued to work scientifically.

According to the official “Evidenzblatt” dated September 10, 1886, Pfurtscheller (also?) Worked as a teacher in Lower Austria. The state school board of Lower Austria appointed Dr. Pfurtscheller to high school professor. As such, he began his service at the Franz-Joseph-Gymnasium in Vienna's 1st district, Hegelgasse 12.

On July 10, 1897, Constantine Schollian (* 1862, Trieste) and Paul Pfurtscheller celebrated their wedding in “Sant'Antonio Nuovo”, the largest church in Trieste . Her private address was Streichergasse 10 in the 3rd district of Vienna. Until his retirement in 1911 he worked as a teacher at the Franz-Joseph-Gymnasium. After 40 years, in 1912, the school moved from Hegelgasse to the new building, Stubenbastei 6–8, not far away . Its entrance gate shows the names of other important teachers and students as well as PFURTSCHELLER in capital letters.

Congress of Vienna

The 66th meeting of the Society of German Natural Scientists and Doctors took place in Vienna from September 24th to 28th, 1894. On this occasion, there was a large supporting event in the university. The “exhibition of scientific objects was opened for viewing by the Viennese public on September 16 in the presence of the Minister for Cultus and Education.” “The department of natural history teaching materials was appointed by Professors J. Mik and Dr. P. Pfurtscheller, with the custodians of the natural history cabinet at the nineteen secondary schools in Vienna making contributions. ”Pfurtscheller himself had made exhibits; however, it is not mentioned that there were also zoological wall panels on display.

"It shows the great progress that the scientific education of the students has made not only at the secondary schools, but also at the grammar schools in Austria during the last decade." The organizers had put together a collection of samples that every middle school should strive for. In recognition of this, Mik and Pfurtscheller were presented to Archduke Rainer . (The Emperor was currently hunting big game with King Albert of Saxony in Styria.) “With the approval of the Rectorate, the exhibition in the university will remain open until Thursday evening, October 4th, for general inspection against the entrance of 30 cruisers. "

Blackboards

Pfurtscheller gained reputation in specialist circles through "zoological wall panels", which he designed in terms of content and graphics and published including panel 28 at A. Pichler's Witwe & Son. The lithographs in 10 to 15 colors were produced by the Friedrich Speri book printing and art institute in Vienna, 3rd district. Finally, the publication of plates 29 to 39 was done by Martinus Nijhoff in The Hague ; their printing was handed over to Emil Hochdanz in Stuttgart. Each board explained an “accompanying word”, also available in French and English translation.

The boards were initially created to support his personal teaching lessons. A total of 39 boards were intended as a developed project for “middle schools” (grammar schools and secondary schools). But they soon found recognition and use in university zoological institutes.

Anatomy of the housefly ; Blackboard No. 31 by Paul Pfurtscheller, 1926

Table: Zoological wall panels, size 130 × 140 cm

No. Blackboard Genus, art photos output
1 Anthozoa : Polyactinia Astroides calycularis 2 1902
2 Mollusca : Lamellibranchiata Unio pictorum 2 1902
3 Mollusca: Gastropoda: Pulmonata Helix pomatia 4th 1902
4th Pisces: Selachii : Plagiostomi Mustulus vulgaris 5 1902
5 Echinodermata : Echinoidea Sphaerechinus 4th 1902
6th Hydrozoa : Hydromedusae Hydra 4th 1903
7th Mollusca: Cephalopoda Sepia officinalis 5 1903
8th Mollusca: - Sheath shapes - 4th 1903
9 Cestodes : Taenia solium 5 1903
10 Anthozoa: Octactinia Corallium rubrum 6th 1903
No. Blackboard Genus, art photos output
11 Echinodermata, Asteroidea Astropecten aurantiacus 4th 1904
12 Spongiae (Porifera) Sycon, Aplysina 6th 1904
13 Insecta: Hymenoptera Apis mellifica (1) 3 1904
14th Spongiae Euspongia officinalis 4th 1904
15th Crustacea: Thoracostraca Astacus fluviatilis 3 1905
16 Vermes: Hirundinea Hirudo medicinalis 4th 1905
17th Infusoria: Ciliata Paramecium, Stylonychia, Vorticella 3 1905
18th Reptilia: Ophidia Tripidonotus natrix 3 1906
19th Aves : Columba domestica 3 1907
20th Reptilia: Chelonidae Emys orbicularis 3 1908
21st Myriapoda: Lithobius forficatus 3 1909
22nd Pisces: Teleostei Perca fluviatilis 4th 1909
23 Insecta: Lepidoptera Pieris brassicae (1) 4th 1910
24 Insecta: Lepidoptera Pieris brassicae (2) 3 1910
25th Archnoidae: Araneina Epeira diadema 3
26th Amphibia: Anura Rana sp. (1) 4th
27 Amphibia: Anura Rana sp. (2) 3
28 Mammalia Mus decumanus 2
No. Blackboard Genus, art photos output
29 Amphibia: Urodela Triton cristatus 4th 1926
30th Insecta: Hymenoptera Apis mellifica (2) 3 1926
31 Insecta: Diptera Musca domestica 3 1926
32 Insecta: Diptera Culex pipiens 4th 1926
33 Vermes: Chaetopoda Lumbricus sp. 4th 1926
34 Reptilia: Ophidia Vipera berus 4th 1926
35 Reptilia: Sauria Lacerta agilis 3 1926
36 Arachnoid : acarina Tyroglyphus sp. 4th 1926
37 Coleoptera: Melolonthidea Melolontha vulgaris 3 1926
38 Vermes: Ascaridae Ascaris lumbricoides 4th 1926
39 Insecta: Blattaeformea Periplaneta orientalis 4th 1927

A board with roller bars stretched on canvas cost 10K .

At the meeting of the Zoological and Botanical Society on June 20, 1902, the botanist Heimerl gave a lecture on the new teaching material. At that time, Pfurtscheller had “drawn” 14 panels; five of them were in bookshops and five were still in print. The table for the Roman snail ( Helix pomatia ) was honored as an example: “The representation is so lifelike and gripping, one so removed from every stencil and peculiar, finally so excellently visible that I can say with full conviction that it is such a wonderful one A work of art that is faithfully adapted to the requirements of teaching and scientific reliability must be greeted with enthusiasm by teachers and learners and will be an excellent teaching aid that has been lacking until now. "

literature

Web links

Commons : Paul Pfurtscheller  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files
  • Scientific collections of the University of Vienna [1]
  • Scientific collections of the Humboldt University in Berlin: 24 plates. [2]
  • Pfurtscheller on the University Collections in Germany page [3]
  • Hunterian Museum and Art Gallery, University of Glasgow: 17 panels. [4]
  • Museo didattico di zoologia, Università di Milano: 26 panels; Pfurtscheller in the “Autori” menu. [5]

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Ludwig Eisenberg : The spiritual Vienna: Artist and writer lexicon. 2: Medicinal and natural science part: reports on Viennese specialist writers and scholars in the field of medicine (along with animal medicine and pharmacy) and natural sciences. Daberkow, Vienna 1893; there p. 371f.
  2. ^ Paul Pfurtscheller: Contributions to the anatomy of the coniferous wood. University, Vienna 1877. University library Vienna and again in: negotiation kk Zoolog-Botan Ges Vienna 34, 1885.
  3. ↑ Paul Pfurtscheller: About the inner skin of the plant cell together with remarks about open communication between the cells. Vienna 1883. Österr Natl Bibl 390371 – B.9.1882 / 83 and again in: Jahresber des kk Franz-Joseph-Gymnasium Vienna 1888.
  4. ↑ Evidenzblatt 6955. In: Archive card index Wiener Magistrat: Department 61, Section 4. Kind information from Robert Holovlasky, Rathaus Wien 2003.
  5. ↑ Evidenzblatt 6866. In: Archivkartei Wiener Magistrat: 61.4.
  6. ↑ Evidenzblatt 6866. In: Archivkartei Wiener Magistrat: 61.4.
  7. ^ Hermann Clemens Kosel (ed.): German-Austrian artist and writer lexicon. Volume 1: Biographies of Viennese Artists and Writers. Lechner, Vienna 1902.
  8. ^ Neue Freie Presse - Abendblatt 10804 Vienna September 21, 1894: page 1.
  9. ↑ Josef Mik.
  10. ^ Neue Freie Presse - Abendblatt 10805. Vienna, September 22, 1894: page 1.
  11. ^ Hermann Clemens Kosel, 1902.
  12. ↑ Neue Freie Presse - Abendblatt 10805 Vienna, September 22, 1894: page 1.
  13. ↑ His k. and k. Your Highness, the most serene Mr. Archduke Rainer, was the "protector" of the Imperial and Royal Zoological and Botanical Society.
  14. ^ Neue Freie Presse - Abendblatt 10811 Vienna September 28, 1894: page 1.
  15. ^ Neue Freie Presse - Morgenblatt 10813 Vienna, September 30, 1894: page 6.
  16. ↑ Zoological blackboards. Drawn and edited by Prof. Dr. Paul Pfurtscheller, Vienna, Friedrich Speri Lithographische Kunstanstalt a. Buchdruckerei Wien III / 4, A.Pichler's Witwe & Sohn, bookstore and educational institute, Vienna & Leipzig
  17. ^ Anton Heimerl : Zoological wall panels (presentation). In: Negotiations of the Imperial-Royal Zoological-Botanical Society in Vienna 52, 1902: 412–413.
personal data
SURNAME Pfurtscheller, Paul
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Austrian teacher and zoologist
DATE OF BIRTH November 20, 1855
PLACE OF BIRTH Salzburg
DATE OF DEATH February 5, 1927
Place of death Vienna