Gymnasium Stubenbastei

Gymnasium Stubenbastei
	The Gymnasium Stubenbastei with the main front to the Stubenbastei with the corner to Zedlitzgasse
type of school	high school
founding	1872
address	Parlor bastion 6–8
place	Vienna
state	Vienna
Country	Austria
Coordinates	48 ° 12 '24 " N , 16 ° 22' 41" E Coordinates: 48 ° 12 '24 " N , 16 ° 22' 41" E
management	Nina Hochleitner
Website	www.stubenbastei.at

The names of well-known former students and teachers are on the glass door

View of the Stubentor looking towards Braunbastei with the Palais Coburg built on it - situation before the bastions were demolished in 1858. The current school location is around the small houses in between where the trees are visible

Entrance area inside

The war memorial imposed in a school project

The Gymnasium Stubenbastei , also called GRG Wien 1 , has been a grammar school in Vienna's 1st district, Inner City , which has existed since 1872 . The school building is a listed building .

history

Temporary quarters at Hegelgasse 3 / Schellinggasse

The school was opened by the imperial resolution of February 13, 1872 as a state high school in the inner city in October of the same year - temporarily housed in the state educational center (= teacher training institute ) at Schellinggasse 11, not far from its current location. However, the economic development due to the Vienna stock market crash in 1873 delayed further expansion. In 1875 the school was then rented into a residential building as an extension of this temporary arrangement and until its own school building was later built at Hegelgasse 3. An annual rent of 13,000 guilders was estimated for the somewhat larger usable area that is now available .

The origins of the school can be found in the prosperous era of the founding period and the construction of the Vienna Ringstrasse . Their development zone begins with their planned street grid straight in front of the current school location / school gate on the other side of the street from the parlor bastion . In 1879 the school was named kk Franz-Joseph-Gymnasium . From the beginning - as the old catalogs (= student files / sheet of music) show - students of the Catholic and the Mosaic creed were represented roughly equally. The boys came from the bourgeoisie. Most of the parents of the Mosaic students had moved here from the cities of the neighboring crown lands. In the first decades in particular, the school was therefore a catalyst in the assimilation process of a migrant class, who was very keen that their children - often under hardship - seized the opportunities for advancement through education. At the first Matura exam in early July 1879, 12 of the 17 boys passed. In 1886, the "location" (= the row and seat of the students according to their overall performance) is canceled (note: names such as "Primus" for the best in class or the term "Eselsbank" for the last row of benches come from this time).

At the turn of the century, with the economic structural change, the disputes over the monopoly position of the humanistic grammar schools took place with great vehemence. In addition to this type, high schools of a new type were created - the so-called Realgymnasien. In 1908, as a result of the trial introduction of this new type of high school, the school was converted into a Realgymnasium ( kk Franz-Joseph-Realgymnasium ). French was taught instead of Greek, mathematical and scientific subjects were given more weight, and geometry was added. This brought an influx of new students to the school. In 1909 the first school trip took place as an educational trip (for which the parlor bastion will later become legendary) with the destination Rome - in 1911/1912 a first school ski course in Hütteldorf ! In 1913 the school team won first prize in the “First Middle School Team Ski Downhill Race” on Semmering .

Own school building, Stubenbastei 6–8

In 1912, after 40 years of subletting, the school moved from its original location on Hegelgasse to the new building not far from it in the 1st district to its current location at Stubenbastei 6–8 - see map near the Stubentor , where it is changing despite the eventful changes Events still located today. This move was mainly due to the efforts of the Weihrichs director. He financed planning studies at his own expense, tried to find suitable building sites and repeatedly pointed out the unbearable teaching situation to the Imperial and Royal Ministry. But he also argued that the rental costs incurred so far had already exceeded the costs of building a new school. According to NOWOTNY (1972, p. 11), he was then reprimanded by the school authorities and prohibited from any further efforts. Director Weihrich took the consequences and retired. In 1911, however, the groundbreaking ceremony took place on the grounds of the former Jakoberhof . There had also been delays because the Ministry of Justice had actually considered this property for an extension of the commercial court building on the back of the building block in Riemergasse. However, this plot and a plot that had been bought at the corner of Zedlitzgasse were still so narrow that neither a schoolyard nor a gymnasium could be built, as other grammar schools have in the densely built-up urban area of Vienna. During the construction work one found not only remains ( casemates ) of the old city wall, but also remains of weapons and bones, which were dated to the time of the Second Turkish siege of Vienna . After only 13 months of construction (architect: Gustav Sachs) the new school building on the parlor bastion was ready for occupancy. Modernly designed for 12 classes, plus a number of teaching and exercise rooms and a large relaxation room on the fifth floor.

A "Kaiser-Franz-Joseph-Jubiläumsstiftung" (1898) was able to award some scholarships to schoolchildren annually through the interest of its considerable fortune (1917 according to Novotny 1972 p. 12 - it was 35,562 crowns). This fortune crumbled in the truest sense of the word after the war in the period of inflation that hit German Austria . It was inactive since 1919 and then dissolved in 1932 after its assets were only 1 shilling and 20 groschen.

First World War

During the war years from September 1914 to January 1918 , alternating lessons took place in the school: The reason is that the classes of the nearby Academic Gymnasium , whose house served as an emergency hospital, were housed in the building of the parlor bastion. The war also showed itself in 1915/16 with the introduction of military exercises for high school students. Due to a severe flu epidemic , classes had to be suspended between October 4 and November 6 , 1918 .

1st republic

In the school year 1919/20, girls were admitted to the parlor for the first time. In 1921 a parents' association was established for the first time at the school, which was also named “Bundesrealgymnasium Wien 1” that year. It was under the direction of the Social Democrat Radnitzky, a close collaborator of the school reformer Otto Glöckel . He was therefore forced to retire after the February events in 1934 .

In 1922/23, the gas light in the school was replaced by electrical lighting, and the large ballroom with a stage on the 5th floor was also expanded in the course of these renovations. A garden was also created on the flat roof. In 1928/29 the 1st and 2nd grades (= 5th or 6th grade ) were taught in ascending order according to the new curriculum based on the Middle Schools Act of August 2, 1927. According to catalog entries in the 1930s, the class sizes of the lower grades were well over 40 students.

connection

Already on March 17, 1938 shortly after the annexation of Austria (and even before the so-called referendum on April 10, 1938!) Director Jungwirth and four professors were removed from their office by decree (Zl .: 2213/1-IIa-1938) , three more teachers were transferred and a new acting head (Tschernach - teacher for M, geometry) was appointed. On March 19, the faculty was sworn in to the Führer and Reich Chancellor. On March 25th, a decree regulated the introduction of the “German greeting” at the beginning and end of each hour! By Pentecost 1938, eight compliant teachers had completed NS leadership training courses in the sense of re-education. The foreword to the 1938 annual report (the school had 16 classes at the time) is a document of the times - there he wrote: “If all Jewish teachers were initially removed, which put an end to the shameful and unnatural state that Jews teach Aryan children, it followed very quickly Time the separation of the Aryan from the Jewish students; This means that our institution, which was probably free of Jews for the first time since its existence, was literally noticeably pure, fresh air. Already on April 29th we were able to receive the newly assigned Aryan students from the 2nd district, the way was cleared for the big tasks that the school has to fulfill in the National Socialist state. ... Our new school must also familiarize the young people entrusted to it as early as possible with the problems arising from the special situation in Germany, which are caused by the lack of space and raw materials, and repeatedly remind the young people of the difficult tasks will approach them later. The times when many young people only studied in order to acquire a so-called general education and then believed that they could look down on all creative minds with full educational conceit are finally over! "

Also of interest is the school leaving examination held in the summer of 1938: so-called “housework” (written for the Matura - as it reappeared as VWA in 2015) came from the school reform period: “The Danube, a major waterway” (Gg); "Prince Eugen's Relationship to Art and Science" (H = history); "The human eye" (Ng); “Fuels” (Ch); "Tyrol from 1805-1815" (H); "Manufacture of an anti-scatter screen" (Ph); "Model Dispersion Filter" (Ph); "Man's hair" (Ng). The (new) topics to be written from May 30th are also informative: In German to choose from: “1. Easter 1938, the end of the German Passion; 2. Technology and chemistry, the German great powers; 3. Agnes Bernauer , common good comes before self-interest ”. There were also written exams in Latin and French - only in 8b the 3rd elective topic stood out: "L'Anschluss (le rattachement)". Conversely, only one example of the Matura in mathematics - this time at the 8a - had a relevant question: "Two artillery observers A and B, whose mutual distance is a, see the muzzle flash of an enemy battery C at the angle BAC = Alpha and ABC = Beta, while you can see your own battery D lying backwards at the angle BAD = Gamma and ABD = Delta. How far is your own battery from the enemy and which side is of auxiliary target A receives its own battery when shooting at the enemy? (a = 1950 m, alpha = 22.30; beta = 12.36, gamma = 49.30, delta = 73.48) ". Of the 12 and 32 pupils declared mature in the two classes in 1938, two in 8 a, while 12 in 8 b stated that they would like to become an officer. Another interesting comparison with today is - the overwhelming other number of graduates stated technical or scientific fields of study as their further goal.

End of April 1938 as a result of the German invasion and the seizure of power by the National Socialists 274 of 634 students, according to the racial laws of the Third Reich , forced to leave school were referred to as "racially inferior" almost exclusively Jewish origin. They were initially brought together in RG II, which was then still located in Kleine Sperlgasse and is now the Sigmund-Freud-Gymnasium .

Postscript: In June 1986, on the initiative of teachers at the grammar school, the Federal Minister for Education, Herbert Moritz, gave a late honorary high school diploma to the following former pupils of 6a and 6b of the 1937/38 class: Arthur Cooper, Henry Grunwald , Herbert Lamm, Paul Lynton, Egon Schwarz, Georg Temmer, Eric Kruh, John K. Kautsky.

Second World War

During the Second World War , the schoolhouse was confiscated several times for Wehrmacht purposes, and classes were housed away from home (around 1941 in the Oberschule for boys, Radetzkystraße in the 3rd district , in 1942 8th grade in the Academic Gymnasium, 1944 in the Oberschule, Schottenbastei in the 1st district). During this time, all the young people at the school were repeatedly called in for auxiliary services or for the Reich Labor Service . In the winter of 1942/43, due to blackout measures, lessons did not begin until 9 am, and the lessons were shortened to 35–40 minutes. In 1944, lower school students were brought to the Klamm am Semmering children's country sending home. High school students were drafted as Air Force aides.

The pupils Franz Putschi, Ernst Krivanec, Friedrich Leibnitz and Anton Sieberer, who were drafted as Luftwaffe helpers in the 7th b class in 1943/44, were convicted by a field court on April 22, 1944, after an indictment by their superior lieutenant on April 5, 1944, of undermining their military strength (Among other things, they expressed their opinion that “the war will come to an end soon, since Germany has already lost it….”), and they had tried to set up a resistance group. They were given three months in the Kaiser-Ebersdorf youth prison and were expelled from all secondary schools according to a decree by the Reich Ministry for Education. On November 5, 1944, the school building was hit and damaged in an air raid. It shouldn't be the only war damage. Numerous students and teachers were increasingly called up to serve in the armed forces and the Volkssturm . In the catalog of the 8th grade, 17 out of 34 pupils left school earlier as Air Force volunteers at the Johannesberg Battery (= on the south-eastern slope of the Laaer Berg ). The so-called “War Matura” took place in February!

A decree of February 22, 1944 decreed that due to the lack of raw materials, all brass door handles should be replaced with wooden ones. The last decree that reached the school decreed that the school's teachers had to come to work on digging for the defense of Vienna. In March 1945 , long-time school warden Adolf Prochaska removed the explosive charges that were still attached when a German air force staff withdrew in the last days of the war. In the days that followed, he tried to protect the school house and inventory from the advancing Red Army. Between April 6 and April 9, the front of the XXI. Guards Rifle Corps of the 3rd Ukrainian Front of the Red Army across the Inner City. On April 10, the German front was then withdrawn behind the Danube Canal.

2nd republic

When the fighting ended in Vienna at the end of April 1945 , the Soviet military occupied the school and first set up an emergency hospital and then a telephone exchange in the school building. Lessons could only be provisionally resumed on August 16, 1945. Classes of the RG for girls II. Schützengasse were housed in the schoolhouse until 1948. On September 1, 1946, Radnitzky was brought back as director. On March 25, 1947 it was found that as a result of the war, 1,359 window panes were still missing.

At the junior high school competitions on June 25, 1949, students from the institute won the national competition in the 1000-meter run with a new Austrian best time of 2.38.7. From 1954/55, under the direction of the then director Franz Häußler, attempts to redesign the upper level began. The possibility was tried out to bind the diversified lessons a little closer. A topic could be treated from different perspectives (German, history, geography, natural history, art, ...) at the same time, some teachers could also teach integrated in a block of lessons with this aim. The matriculation examination was also based on such attempts. So-called “educational trips” were a culmination point.

architecture

The three-sided, monumental, late-historical school building in neo-baroque forms with a central projection facing the parlor bastion was built in 1911 according to the plans of the architects Hans Miksch and Julian Niedzielski . The vestibule under a coffered ceiling has a central staircase with a neo-baroque stone balustrade. The walls in the vestibule have wall panels with simple stucco frames and show a marble plaque with a building inscription on the left and a remarkable plaque for the fallen school members of the World War with a monumental relief by the sculptor Josef Bayer (1922) - it was created from the zeitgeist of the time and mounted it has been under social democratic directors. Students of the 6B (2002/2003) in dialogue with the sculptors Stefan Buxbaum and Roman Spiess covered the war memorial with cast parts and spoke out against the glorifying and trivializing representation of war and violence (in a different interpretation of the past today) .

Special features today

In 1945 , at the request of the Soviet occupying power , the Stubenbastei was one of the few schools in Vienna to introduce Russian as a living foreign language. Among these, the grammar school is one of the only schools with "basic" (= eight years) Russian lessons. In these classes, English is added as a second foreign language from the 3rd onwards. This has brought the school to this day a large influx of pupils from Eastern Europe - children of communists, business people, diplomats, refugees (for example as a result of the events in 1956 , 1968 , 1981/1982 , from 1991 ), resulted in a colorful mix, especially in these classes and continue to shape the multicultural image and style of the school.

Since 2008, the mathematician Franz Alt (graduation from 1928) has been awarding the promotion prize for specialist work .

As a UNESCO school, a school partnership project has been running at the Stubenbastei since 2003 with a school in the village of Ouarmini (approx. 2000 inhabitants), 20 km south of Ouagadougou , the capital of Burkina Faso. Over the years, this resulted in a separate association to raise ongoing support and also for cultural exchange. In 2011, these contacts also culminated in a trip by an elective group to the partner school.

In the 1980s, in the course of the construction of the underground station on the neighboring Luegerplatz, the thoroughfare in front of the school, which was a one -way street opposite the ring, was finally calmed down and turned into a pedestrian zone. This room has been redesigned in the last few years through a school project. This took place in several project phases.

In 2013/14, a long-standing wish of the school was fulfilled: a major renovation made it possible to set up a new, shared, expanded natural science area that meets modern requirements (the music hall could also be relocated and refurbished).

Well-known former students and teachers

The philosopher Heinrich Gomperz ,
the writers Hugo Bettauer , Karl Kraus and Karl Rosner (they were classmates);
also Friedrich August von Hayek in lower school for a few years ;
the mathematician and pioneer of computer science Franz Leopold Alt ,
the romanist and literary theorist Leo Spitzer ,
the pianist Paul Wittgenstein ,
the philosopher and sociologist Edgar Zilsel ,
the film director Fred Zinnemann ,
the director Leopold Lindtberg ,
the writer Hilde Spiel ,
the journalist, writer Hans Habe ,
the editor-in-chief of Timemagazin and later US ambassador in Vienna Henry Grunwald ,
the social psychologist Friedrich Hacker ,
the political scientist John K. Kautsky,
the physicist at MIT and CERN Victor Weisskopf ,
the psychiatrist and neurologist Harald Leupold-Löwenthal ,
the playwright Fritz Habeck ,
the historians Erich Zöllner and Friedrich Weissensteiner ;
for a school year - 1944 - Helmut Qualtinger too .
the actor Otto Schenk ,
the pianist Friedrich Gulda ,
the actor Rudolf Melichar,
the clarinetist Alfred Prinz,
the actor Fritz Grieb,
the pianist Walter Kamper,
the musician Erwin Ortner ,
the journalist and co-founder of the green movement in Austria Günther Nenning ,
the journalists Elizabeth T. Spira and Susanne Scholl ,
the Germanist Wendelin Schmidt-Dengler ,
the TU professor (retired) business mathematics Alexander Mehlmann
the visual artist Mario Terzic ,
the cabaret artist Wolfgang Katzer ,
the diplomat Gregor Woschnagg ,
the lawyer Georg Zanger ,
The TV presenter and model Fabian Kissler
the EU Commission official Wolfgang Streitenberger ,
the economic geographer at WU Klaus Peter Arnold and
the historian Christian Cwik

A list of graduates can be viewed on the school homepage / chronicle from 1900.

Belong to the well-known teachers of the institution

the classical philologist and lexicographer Joseph Maria Stowasser ,
his colleague Heinrich Stephan Sedlmayer ,
the zoologist Paul Pfurtscheller ,
the visual artist Josef Stoitzner ,
the Anglicist Hans Pinsker,
the university professor for music education Eberhard Würzl (uncovered former member of the resistance group Roman Scholz - see Jb. 2001/2002, p. 62f)
the physicist and founder of the journal "Wissenschaftliche Nachrichten" Walter Kranzer
the geography and Economics didactician Wolfgang Sitte
the later auxiliary bishop Helmut Krätzl .

management

1872–1874 Karl Schmidt (L (atein), GR (English)) - then director of the academic high school
1874–1890 Karl Burkhard (L, GR) - retired
1890–1894 Stephan Kapp (L, GR, E (Nglish), F (French)) - Appointment as state school inspector
1894–1902 Ignaz Wallentin (M (athematik), Ph (ysik)) - previously director at the State Gym. Troppau - then appointed LSI
1902–1908 Franz Weihrich (D (eutsch), L, Phil (ilosophie)) - previously headed the lessons for the children of Archduke Carl Ludwig
1908–1920 Karl Klement (L, GR) sudden death while walking in the nearby city park
1920–1922 Alois Brommel (M, Ph) - appointed LSI
1922–1934 Johann Radnitzky (L, GR) - removed from pol. Founded March 12, 1934 - reappointed September 1, 1946
1934–1934 Sept. prov. Head Franz Neugebauer (Ng, M)
1934–1938 Heinrich Jungwirt (L, GR, D) - removed from pol. Founding March 17, 1938 - then retired
1938–1943 Julius Tschernach (M, geometry) - becomes head of the department. High school for boys Mödling
1943–1945 Johann Schikola (D, L) - until April 1945
1945–1945 Sept. prov. Trustee Fritz Opawa (Ng (= biology), M, Ph) Appointment as director BRG Vienna XVIII
1946–1949 reappointment of Dr. Radnitzky - until retirement
1950–1953 Head of Norbert Krejcik (D, E, shorthand) - remains head after Stark's appointment - then director of BG Vienna XVIII
(1951–1958) Felix Stark (M, Ph) - as Dir. Assigned to the city school council as personnel officer, then LSI
1954 / 1958–1958 head of Stark, 1958 Franz Häußler (D, F, Phil) until sudden death
1959–1972 Ernst Novotny (D, L, Phil) - appointed LSI
1972–1992 Karl Hecht (D, H) - until his retirement
1992 02 to 08 prov. Management by Eugen Lukaschek (Bio, M, LüK)
1992–2002 Margit Auer (E, H) - then LSI and head of the AHS department. in the SSR for Vienna
2002–2003 prov. Management by Marianne Schröder (D, H)
2003–2009 Gabriele Dangl (M, F) - then LSI and head of the AHS department. in the SSR for Vienna
2009–2010 prov. Management by administrator Carl Metnitz (Inf, D, H)
since 2010 Nina Hochleitner (M, F)

literature

Annual report on the Staats-Gymnasium in the Inner City of Vienna . 1st to 4th year self-published by the kk Staats-Gymnasium, Vienna 1873–1876.

Annual report on the school year . 51st to 62nd year published by the Bundes-Realgymnasium of the 1st district. Self-published, Vienna 1923–1934.

Ernst Nowotny (Red.): Festschrift 100 years of the Gymnasium Stubenbastei. 1872-1972 . Parents' association of the Bundesgymnasium Vienna I, Vienna 1972.

Egon Schwarz: Speech on the occasion of the award of the honorary high school diploma June 13, 1986 Stubenbastei. In: Exercise book No. 43 schulheft.at J&V Vienna. Pp. 111-113.

The Stubenbastei - past and present of a Viennese school . Böhlau Verlag Vienna 1997, 308 pages, ISBN 978-3-205-98777-2 .

Die Stubenbastei - yearbook with CD for the 130th year of school 2001/2002. Edited by the Bundesrealgymnasium Wien-Innere Stadt (editors: R. Erdinger, M. Sonnweber, HP. Wittmann), Vienna 2002. Published annually since then

The art monuments of Austria. Dehio Vienna Inner City 2003 . Buildings in the street association. Room bastion. No. 6-8. P. 875.

Web links

Commons : Gymnasium Stubenbastei - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b Position of the bastions projected onto today's city map

↑ ^a ^b "The Stubenbastei" was actually a 1561 built curtain wall , by the Dominikanerbastei - broken by Stubentor up enough to Braunbastei, or was it before that since 1660 a detached - Ravelin called "Couch's Lair" - demolished in 1821. In the city the descriptions from about In 1795 this name also appears for the row of houses within the walls. The demolition of this wall up to today's Palais Coburg and the water glacis took place between April 9th and September 9th, 1862, the trench was leveled and the street was then named that way. From: Czeike F .: Historisches Lexikon Wien. Volume 5, 1997, p. 386.

↑ ^a ^b Location Gymnasium Stubenbastei on BING-KARTEN / aerial photo to zoom

↑ the following data are all taken from Nowotny E. (1972): 100 years of the Gymnasium Stubenbastei. P. 21 ff.

↑ for the conversion of guilders see here under purchasing power parities

↑ John Bunz, in Ratzenböck, Morawk, Amman: The two truths. Vienna 1989.

↑ Note: Zedlitzgasse 2 was the parcel of the church of the monastery that was closed by Josef II in 1783 , and the Zedlitzhalle was built on it opposite the school. A market hall opened in 1871, which was used by the Hagenbund artists' association from 1899 . Zedlitzgasse 7 is the house in which Bertha von Suttner died on July 21, 1914 .

↑ 13 - The new institution building - Page - School programs - Digital collections. In: digital.ub.uni-duesseldorf.de. Retrieved November 18, 2016 .

↑ Note: for comparison: in 1914 for 1 silver crown you got 1 goulash with 2 pastries and 1/4 liter of wine and 2 cigars. As early as 1919, only half a loaf of bread for a paper crown, plus 2 cigarettes and a glass of water! In 1903 a 4-part tram ticket cost 48 hellers, in 1920 3 crowns and in 1929 64 groschen - in 1934 1 kg rice cost 69 groschen, 1 egg 11 grams, 1 liter milk 47 grams, 1 kg butter 4 shillings and 86 grams. Margarine 1.83 p. - In addition: weekly wages book printer 70 Schilling , painter 68 p., Building assistant 50 p. - (Qu .: Rückblicke, publisher Initiative für Kulturpädagogik Wien, n.d., p. 7)

^ The Academic Gymnasium in Vienna p. 103

↑ Federal law of August 2, 1927, regarding the regulation of secondary schools (secondary school law) l

↑ Data and the following quotations taken from the annual report on the 66th school year 1937/38, self-published by the Staats-Realgymnasium in the 1st district

↑ A school project with letters from displaced students reminded of this in 2012 - From: Kurier January 10, 2012 ( Memento of January 3, 2015 in the Internet Archive )

^ Meeting at the Stubenbastei on November 20, 2009 with Prof. Egon Schwarz

↑ Veronika Gisperg meeting Eric Kruh "a letter to the stars" project

^ Egon Schwarz: The political scientist John K. Kautsky. In: The literary wren No. 2/1014, pp. 27–31

↑ Files in addition in DÖW 20.100 / 9143 with the judgment or note in the catalog of 7b "according to § 5 Abs. 1 Zl 1-2 KSStVO" - in the archive of the school