Pitch black milkling
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Pitch Black Milkling ( Lactarius picinus ) |
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The pitch black milkling ( Lactarius picinus ) is a type of mushroom from the family of the deaf relatives (Russulaceae).
The species is listed as critically endangered on the red list of large mushrooms in the state of Saxony-Anhalt.
features
Macroscopic features
The hat measures 4–10 cm in diameter, is initially arched and further depressed until slightly dented. The hat skin is velvety and from reddish-brown to black or mustard-beige, sometimes pale at the edge. The lamellas are mixed up, sometimes forked straight up to a short run down on the handle; their color is light yellow to ocher and turns brown when pressed. The spore powder is cream to pale in color.
The stem 3 to 6 centimeters high, sometimes hairy, possibly whitish in the upper part and ocher-brown towards the base and (in contrast to the Mohrenkopf Milchling) not longitudinally wrinkled. It measures 1 to 1.5 centimeters in diameter and is tapered towards the base, but otherwise cylindrical in shape. It is firm, initially full-bodied and later developed as stuffed or hollow cotton wool.
The flesh is white, later yellow and turns salmon-colored to pink in the air, very dense, but fragile, with hardly any fruity smell and a sharp peppery taste. The white milk that protrudes abundantly at injuries is initially sweet on the tongue and then very hot and turns dark pink in the air.
Microscopic features
The spurs are oval and covered with ornament.
Species delimitation
The Mohrenkopf-Milchling , which is also dark-capped and grows in similar locations, has a similar appearance , but is slenderly built and hunched to a point, has a darker stem color and no sharp taste. The similar soot-colored Milchling only grows in deciduous forests and has whitish milk that only reddens in connection with the meat and tastes first mild, then bitter and then pungent.
ecology
It grows individually or in small groups in the coniferous and mixed forests between July and October , especially under the pines and at higher altitudes.
meaning
Food value
Its nutritional value is described partly as inedible, partly as conditionally edible. It probably causes gastrointestinal complaints.
ingredients
Intact fruit bodies contain a stearate which, if the fungus is damaged, is quickly converted into a sharp free phenol, which then gradually becomes a mixture of red pigments and a number of chromenes . The changes in taste and color in air are related to the chemical conversion of 2- (3-methyl-2-butenyl) -4-methoxyphenyl stearate to benzofuran, 2,2-dimethyl-6-methoxychromene and oligomers .
Systematics and taxonomy
In the past, the pitch black milkling was also regarded as a subspecies of the soot-colored milkling ( Lactarius fuliginosus ). The species epithet picinus compares its color like the German name with pitch or tar.
swell
- ↑ Ulla Daily, Heinrich Dörfelt, Gunnar Hensel, Manfred Huth, Wolfgang Huth, Dieter Penke: Red Lists Saxony-Anhalt. In: State Office for Environmental Protection Saxony-Anhalt (Ed.): Reports of the State Office for Environmental Protection Saxony-Anhalt Halle . tape 39 , 2004, ISSN 0941-7281 ( PDF; 206 kB ).
- ↑ Markus Flück: Which mushroom is that? 3. Edition. Franckh-Kosmos Verlags-GmbH & Co. KG, Stuttgart 2009, ISBN 978-3-440-11561-9 , p. 165 .
- ↑ Hans E. Laux: The great cosmos mushroom guide. All edible mushrooms with their poisonous doppelgangers . Kosmos, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-440-08457-4 , pp. 428 .
- ↑ Hans E. Laux: Edible mushrooms and their poisonous doppelgangers . Collect mushrooms - the right way. Kosmos Verlags-GmbH, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 978-3-440-10240-4 , p. 185 .
- ^ Maria De Bernardi, Giovanni Vidari, Paola Vita Finzi: The chemistry of lactarius fuliginosus and lactarius picinus . In: Tetrahedron . tape 48 , no. 35 , 1992, pp. 7331-7344 , doi : 10.1016 / S0040-4020 (01) 88270-3 (English).
