Pedro de Vera

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Pedro de Vera y Mendoza (* around 1430 in Jerez de la Frontera , Spain ; † June or July 1505 in Jerez de la Frontera) was a Castilian-Andalusian conqueror and governor. In 1483 he successfully completed the conquest of the island of Gran Canaria for the Crown of Castile .

Castile

Pedro de Vera came from the Andalusian nobility. His mother was María de Vera de Vargas, his father Diego Gómez de Mendoza. During the reign of King Henry IV of Castile , Pedro de Vera played an important role as an officer in the troops of the Count of Arcos, Juan Ponce de León and Ayala. From 1468 he was in command of the Castillo de Jimena de la Frontera and from 1470 of the Castillo de Arcos de la Frontera . From 1472 he also held the post of Regidor in Jerez de la Frontera .

Gran Canaria

On February 4, 1480, Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand of Castile appointed him governor of the island of Gran Canaria . Pedro de Vera left El Puerto de Santa María on July 7, 1480 for the Canary Islands. At that time, the conquest of the island of Gran Canaria was in the hands of two military commanders , Juan Rejón and the dean of the cathedral chapter of the Rubicón diocese, Juan Bermúdez. Pedro de Vera's first official act was to clarify the death of Pedro de Algaba, his predecessor as governor. This was convicted and executed at the instigation of Juan Rejón in a short process. Pedro de Vera had Juan Réjon arrested and brought to the royal court of Castile for a decision there. Due to his powers, Pedro de Vera was not only responsible for the civil administration, he was also responsible for the entire military forces for the conquest of the island. With the troops financed by a corporation in which Pedro de Vera also had a stake, and from 1482 additional troops from the feudal lord of the islands of Lanzarote and Fuerteventura Diego de Herrera and his son Hernán Peraza , the feudal lord of the islands of La Gomera and El Hierro , Pedro Vera managed to complete the conquest of Gran Canaria in April 1483. He then began distributing land and water rights among conquerors and settlers who settled on the island. He created the political and administrative structures required for permanent settlement of the settlers in order to finally incorporate the island into the dominion of the Crown of Castile. In a document dated August 3, 1485, the Queen and King of Castile also used the title "Kings of the Canary Islands" ("de las yslas de Canaria") for the first time, although La Palma and Tenerife had not yet been conquered at that time . Pedro de Vera's duties as governor were often carried out by deputies, as he participated in various campaigns on the Spanish peninsula. a. 1486 and 1487 in the war against Granada.

La Gomera

At the request of Hernán Peraza , the feudal lord of the islands of La Gomera and El Hierro, Pedro de Vera took part in the suppression of an uprising of the indigenous people of the island of La Gomera in 1485. On November 20, 1488, the indigenous people of La Gomera killed Hernán Peraza. The Queen and King of Castile ordered by royal deeds of March 4, 1489 that Pedro de Vera should protect the widow Hernán Perazas Beatriz de Bobadilla as guardian of their children in their legitimate possessions on La Gomera and El Hierro. He should also help to punish the citizens of the island of La Gomera, who rose and killed their rightful masters. Pedro de Vera came to La Gomera with six ships. That indicated very clearly his intentions. Six ships were very many for the number of men they brought, but perhaps little for the number of people Pedro de Vera intended to take from the island. A memorial service for the deceased was announced, at which every gomero should be present. There were very many Gomeros who, trusting that they were innocent in the death of Hernán Peraza, wanted to show that not all Gomeros were at war. All those present were arrested by the people of Juan de Veras and the male members of the Orone and Agana tribes were separated from the others. These were collectively sentenced to death for treason. Only people under the age of 15 were excluded, the rest were killed in a great slaughter. The women and children were loaded onto the ships as slaves. The slaves were divided. While a large part went to Pedro de Vera, Beatriz de Bobadilla was satisfied with a smaller part. Inés de Peraza, the mother of Hernán Peraza, also shared in the profit. When the Queen and King of Castile received information about the retaliation, they initiated a review. On August 27, 1490, the release of all Gomeros enslaved in this action was ordered. Pedro de Vera was asked to answer before the royal court. In October 1490 the Queen and the King of Castile ordered him to deposit half a million maravedí to compensate the buyer of the slaves.

On March 31, 1491, the Queen and King of Castile appointed Francisco Maldonado as "Juez pesquisidor" of the island of Gran Canaria. Pedro de Vera felt compelled to leave the island with his family to make Maldonado's work easier. He never returned to Gran Canaria. He probably died in Jerez de la Frontera in June or July 1505.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Mariano Gambín García: Cinco documentos inéditos sobre Pedro de Vera, conquistador y gobernador de Gran Canaria . In: El museo canario . No. 58 , 2003, ISSN  0211-450X , p. 204 (Spanish, unirioja.es [accessed August 12, 2017]).
  2. ^ Hipólito Sancho de Sopranis: La familia del gobernador Pedro de Vera . In: Revista de historia . No. 75 , 1946, pp. 261 (Spanish, ulpgc.es [accessed July 20, 2016]).
  3. ↑ Miguel Angel Ladero Quesada: El Gobernador Pedro de Vera en la conquista del reino de Granada . In: Anuario de estudios atlánticos . No. 12 , 1966, ISSN  0570-4065 , p. 106 (Spanish, unirioja.es [accessed August 14, 2017]).
  4. ↑ a b c Mariano Gambín García: Cinco documentos inéditos sobre Pedro de Vera, conquistador y gobernador de Gran Canaria . In: El museo canario . No. 58 , 2003, ISSN  0211-450X , p. 191 (Spanish, unirioja.es [accessed August 12, 2017]).
  5. ↑ Mariano Garcia Gambin: Las cartas de los primeros nombramiento de Gobernadores de la política CanariasExpresión de los Reyes Católicos centralizadora de . In: Revista de historia canaria . No. 182 , 2000, pp. 44 (Spanish, unirioja.es [accessed June 20, 2016]).
  6. ↑ Alejandro Cioranescu: Una amiga de Cristóbal Colón, Doña Beatriz de Bobadilla . Confederación de Cajas de Ahorros, Santa Cruz de Tenerife 1989, ISBN 84-505-8354-3 , p. 76 (Spanish).
  7. ↑ Mariano Garcia Gambin: Las cartas de los primeros nombramiento de Gobernadores de la política CanariasExpresión de los Reyes Católicos centralizadora de . In: Revista de historia canaria . No. 182 , 2000, pp. 45 (Spanish, unirioja.es [accessed June 20, 2016]).
  8. ↑ Mariano Garcia Gambin: Las cartas de los primeros nombramiento de Gobernadores de la política CanariasExpresión de los Reyes Católicos centralizadora de . In: Revista de historia canaria . No. 182 , 2000, pp. 55 (Spanish, unirioja.es [accessed June 20, 2016]).
  9. ↑ Miguel Angel Ladero Quesada: El Gobernador Pedro de Vera en la conquista del reino de Granada . In: Anuario de estudios atlánticos . No. 12 , 1966, ISSN  0570-4065 , p. 110 (Spanish, unirioja.es [accessed August 14, 2017]).
  10. ↑ Mariano Gambín García: Cinco documentos inéditos sobre Pedro de Vera, conquistador y gobernador de Gran Canaria . In: El museo canario . No. 58 , 2003, ISSN  0211-450X , p. 193 (Spanish, unirioja.es [accessed August 12, 2017]).
  11. ↑ Alejandro Cioranescu: Una amiga de Cristóbal Colón, Doña Beatriz de Bobadilla . Confederación de Cajas de Ahorros, Santa Cruz de Tenerife 1989, ISBN 84-505-8354-3 , p. 95 (Spanish).
  12. ↑ Alejandro Cioranescu: Una amiga de Cristóbal Colón, Doña Beatriz de Bobadilla . Confederación de Cajas de Ahorros, Santa Cruz de Tenerife 1989, ISBN 84-505-8354-3 , p. 96 (Spanish).
  13. ↑ Alejandro Cioranescu: Una amiga de Cristóbal Colón, Doña Beatriz de Bobadilla . Confederación de Cajas de Ahorros, Santa Cruz de Tenerife 1989, ISBN 84-505-8354-3 , p. 97 (Spanish).
  14. ↑ Mariano Gambín García: Cinco documentos inéditos sobre Pedro de Vera, conquistador y gobernador de Gran Canaria . In: El museo canario . No. 58 , 2003, ISSN  0211-450X , p. 196 (Spanish, unirioja.es [accessed August 12, 2017]).
  15. ↑ The institution of the "Juez pesquisidor" (≈ examining magistrate) or the "Juez de residencia" is a legal figure in Castilian law and in later Spanish law in relation to the Spanish possessions in America, which was usually used when changing an important administrative body. The new holder of an office had to prepare a report on the administration of his predecessor for the crown before actually taking office as "Juez de residencia".
  16. ↑ Mariano Garcia Gambin: Precisiones cronológicas sobre los primeros Gobernadores de Gran Canaria (1478 to 1529) . In: Anuario de estudios atlánticos . No. 51 , 2005, ISSN  0570-4065 , p. 219 (Spanish, unirioja.es [accessed August 12, 2017]).
  17. ↑ Mariano Gambín García: Cinco documentos inéditos sobre Pedro de Vera, conquistador y gobernador de Gran Canaria . In: El museo canario . No. 58 , 2003, ISSN  0211-450X , p. 204 (Spanish, unirioja.es [accessed August 12, 2017]).

literature

  • Alejandro Cioranescu: Una amiga de Cristóbal Colón, Doña Beatriz de Bobadilla . Confederación de Cajas de Ahorros, Santa Cruz de Tenerife 1989, ISBN 84-505-8354-3 (Spanish).
  • Mariano Gambín García: Las cartas de nombramiento de los primeros gobernadores de CanariasExpresión de la política centralizadora de los Reyes Católicos . In: Revista de historia canaria . No. 182 , 2000, pp. 39–95 (Spanish, unirioja.es [accessed June 20, 2016]).
  • Mariano Gambín García: Cinco documentos inéditos sobre Pedro de Vera, conquistador y gobernador de Gran Canaria . In: El museo canario . No. 58 , 2003, ISSN  0211-450X , p. 189–210 (Spanish, unirioja.es [accessed August 12, 2017]).
personal data
SURNAME Vera, Pedro de
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Vera y Mendoza, Pedro de (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Castilian-Andalusian conqueror and governor
DATE OF BIRTH around 1430
PLACE OF BIRTH Jerez de la Frontera , Spain
DATE OF DEATH June 1505 or July 1505
Place of death Jerez de la Frontera , Spain