Perger floodplain
The floodplain in the town of Perg in the Lower Mühlviertel was next to the Kaindlau in the Mitterkirchen community one of the lumber yards and endpoints of the failure flood on the Naarn .
The failure flood on the Naarn was originally operated from 1755 to 1938 on the basis of a Maria Theresian privilege on an alluvial stretch of 84 kilometers and initially served to procure wood for Vienna and Budapest and later for the paper mill in Steyrermühl as well as export to Germany .
In Tannermoor and at the boundary between Upper Austria and Lower Austria several Stranded oak and channels have been created. The failure flood in spring lasted up to four weeks and during this time thousands of people, including children and women, were employed to remove the annual fall of the local forest areas with the help of water. In the course of the streams and rivers, natural obstacles and obstacles created by commercial enterprises (mills, sawmills) had to be overcome.
At that time, failure flood was practiced on almost all tributaries of the Danube that came from wooded areas such as the Mühlviertel and Waldviertel as well as from the Lower Austrian Alps .
In 2003, parts of the Gefluder (above-ground wooden channel for wood transport in the area of the Klammleitenbach, which flows underground at this point) in the municipality of Königswiesen were restored and adapted for tourist purposes. Once a year a wood flood is organized there again to document the arduous work of transporting wood.
Chronology 1755 to 1938
The flood of failure on the Naarn began in 1755 and developed into one of the most important of the time. Three ship masters, Anton Angerer from St. Nikola an der Donau , Ferdinand Angerer from Struden and Anton Angerer from Wallsee as well as Johann Georg Hofbauer, beer brewer from Perg, received permission from Empress Maria Theresia to float logs out of the stately forests on the Naarn river and with them Hütting to build a rake.
The flood of failure is likely to have been operated very extensively. In 1774 about 11,000 fathoms were thrown in. The negotiations about draining the swampy Perger Au indicate that the Naarn bed between Perg and Haidmühle is filled with sand and flood failure , which is mainly caused by the Angerische flood failure company. The kk private wood flooding company had the sole right to flood wood on the Naarn river, which was repeatedly recognized by the subsequent monarchs by confirming the Maria Theresian privilege.
A contract between the cathedral chapter in Linz and the kk private Angerer- und Dietrichschen Schwemmkompanie from 1799 shows that the company had to pay 45 Kreuzers for the Scheiter. (For each fathom, three Vienna-long logs according to the usual forest measure, that is 6 shoe-3-inch Vienna-measure, in width and height without cross joint, with one log oversize on average, both soft and hard wood). The company had to pay for the chopping, chopping and fathoming as well as bringing the wood to the Schwemmbach. Another contract was signed in 1803 with Rudolf, Count von Salburg.
From 1817 to 1820 Michael Fink, the owner of the lordships of Greinburg , Kreuzen , Zellhof and Ruttenstein at the time, acquired all shares in the company and called them Michael Finkische Holzschwemme am Naarnbach. In 1823 the lordships mentioned and the wood flood passed over to the ruling Ernst I of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha . In 1827, Emperor Franz I granted the respective owners of the Greinburg lordships the right to wash away wood on the Große and Kleine Naarn, Schwarzauerbache, Diesmüller-, Nuss- and Gießenbache , as long as the ducal possessions that were united to form the Greinburg lordships are owned by the family Sachsen-Coburg-Gotha are located.
In the years 1823 to 1846, an average of 13,398 fathoms 36-inch hard and soft logs were washed away on the Naarn and its tributaries, with the quantities fluctuating between 10,205 fathoms (1824) and 16,534 fathoms (1845) in the individual years. The Gießenbach flows directly into the Danube and therefore did not belong to the actual Naarn river.
While the Trift on the other Mühlviertel rivers had long since ceased, 25,000 to 30,000 cubic meters of grinding wood as well as hard and soft firewood were washed up on the Naarn every year until the beginning of the Second World War . Almost only 1 meter long wood was hit. For a time, additional 1.2 m long gear failures were hit, which did not prove successful because the longer wood often caused blockages with all the unpleasant side effects. The last Naarnrift took place in 1938. Then the operation had to be stopped as unprofitable.
The Naufahrer Tauber steered the last raft from the Machland to Budapest in 1941.
The following descriptions describe the flooding conditions and the flooding process in the 1920s. The entire flood plain was 84 kilometers long. After the failure of the flood on the Naarn before the start of the Second World War, the catch rake was removed above Perg. The alluvial ponds are sometimes used as fish and bathing ponds.
The rivers, alluvial ponds and canals
The Große Naarn is formed from the Diesmüller- or Rubenerbach (Klammleitenbach) and the Neuhausbach with the Schwarzauerbach and continues to take up the Nussbach on the left and the Kleine Naarn on the right, before reaching the Machland level through the 15 km long Naar valley .
The Diesmüller or Rubenerbach ( Königswiesen , Klammleitenbach, in the upper reaches of Schwemmbach, is located on the Hirschalm circular hiking trail in the municipality of Unterweißbach ) is fed by various small streams that arise in the Rubener Forest. In the original area of this alluvial creek, the 10 yoke large Rubener alluvial pond (near Tanner Moor) was created to enable the Trift. At the time of the Trift, its process had to be fully open (pulled). Its water drained in five days. The Diesmüller or Rubenerbach was used for the Trift from 1809. At Königswiesen it flows together with the Neuhausbach and from there forms the Große Naarn.
At the confluence of the Neuhausbach and the Schwarzauerbach, the two-yoke Pucherteich was built when the floodplain operation was set up in Lower Austria. When the flooding was over, this pond was completely drained, which took 12 hours.
The Nussbach rises on the state border. The Trift pond established there was called Großer Klausteich (6 yoke, 36 hours run-off time, municipality of Altmelon ) and was half in Upper and Lower Austria. This was diverted via a walled canal and also recorded the runoff from the Kleiner Klausteich (2 yoke, 6 hours runoff).
The flood of failure through the Perg market
Shortly before the Naarn reached the Perg market area, there was the Perger rake, from which the wood could be drifted off to the two wood storage areas in Perg and Kaindlau as required. This consisted of mighty square structures on both banks and a pillar in the river bed with a wooden structure covered with shingles. Below the catch rake were stones and rubble in the river bed. The weir of the Kuchelmühle, which was built from rubble stones and provided with a Scheitergasse , could be reached via meadow land in order to allow the wood to drift off without damaging the weir.
From the Kuchelmühle, the Naarn flows past the hammer mill (Elektrizitätswerk Poschacher) and the stamp mill opposite, and then passes the bathing and swimming facility of the municipality of Perg (now a forest pool and Kneipp facility), which is laid out across the entire width of the river. The following house mill (Nestlberger mill), like the Bruckmühle further below (Leitner mill, Dirneder mill), had a weir with a Scheitergasse walled across the entire width of the river. The Naarn flows through Perg to what was then the wood yard on the right bank (today the settlement on Schwemmplatz ) and further in a deeply deepened river bed with many bends to the former machine factory Schöberl (today Terra Technik GmbH & Co KG), which had a wooden dam and lay on the left bank. Then the Naarn came along meadow land to the confluence with the Perger or Naarn Canal, which had been built in 1776 and 1777 to remove the swamp of the Perger Au. Since the Naarn regulation at the end of the 1960s, the Naarn has flowed from Perg to its confluence with the Danube below the Wallsee-Mitterkirchen Danube power plant in a canal-like river bed in a south-easterly direction.
The property of the alluvial company included alluvial structures (in addition to the alluvial ponds and canals in the upper part of the rivers and streams), including the Perger catch rake located just before the municipality of Perg and the floating device at the Perger wood yard. The purpose of the floating device was to force the wood flowing past to the right bank so that it could be speared there.
The drifting process in the Perg market
With the swallows come the alluvial logs , according to an old Perger proverb. Most of the wood came to the barrier rake in Perg in the evening or during the night of the first day of flooding. Draining the wood from there could not begin until the second day after the start of the main drift at the earliest. When lowering, an alley was first worked through the entire Scheiterbrücke so that the wood that had been carried to the bank could be cleared from behind. The wood was drained from the Perger barrier rake through the outlet opening on the left bank. Only then was the outlet on the right bank opened and the wood dammed up above it was also drained. When the water level was low, it was often necessary to buy water from the Kuchel-, Haus- and Bruckmühle, which meant that all or part of the operation of these works had to be stopped in order to allow the water to be flooded over the weir. When the water level was low, a lot of wood was deposited on the plains below the Kuchelmühle and in the Hammerleiten. The bridges created there always had to be washed away immediately. After the end of the downward drift from the rake, the two breastbones, the spindles and the masts had to be removed immediately and the swimmers lying in the Naarn taken out. From Perg the local drive was carried out with a woadzille and two workers on each of the two banks.
Lumber yards in Perg and Kaindlau (Mitterkirchen municipality)
At the Perger lumber yard, the pieces of wood that were landed had to be skewered as they passed and sorted immediately. The skewered wood was leveled in 2½ m high cines. The square was divided into 16 panels (quarters) by two-meter-wide crossways and five perpendicular to these paths, each with 7 cains 33 cm apart. Every year around 10,000 cubic meters were skewered. The logs were carried away from the Perger lumber yard by horse-drawn carts to the train station and from there by train to the Steyrermühl paper factory, those from the Kaindlau lumber yard generally by water to Vienna and Germany.
Originally situated on the banks of the Danube lumberyard Kaindlau was after the Danube regulation on a branch of the Danube, the Hüttinger arm (Gries water). Before the First World War , the wood was brought to the diving site near Kohlbühel by means of a field railway (four-axle horse-drawn wooden wagons) for loading into watercraft. In 1922 the diving site had to be relocated and the field railway also had to be relocated, strengthening it and lengthening it to 3 km so that it could be operated with three two-axle Austro-Daimler gasoline locomotives. The right to run was only canceled in 1971. the former alluvial ponds were preserved.
literature
- Ernst Neweklowsky: The Naarn Flood . In: Upper Austrian homeland sheets. Year 16, Issue 2, April to June 1962, Linz 1962, online (PDF) in the OoeGeschichte.at forum
Web links
- Website of the city of Perg
- Web presence of the market town of Königswiesen with articles on Holzschwemme and Gefluder
- Web presence of the market town of Mitterkirchen
Individual evidence
- ↑ Ernst Neweklowsky: The Naarn flood. In: Upper Austrian homeland sheets. Year 16, Issue 2, April to June 1962, Linz 1962, p. 91 ff, online (PDF) in the forum OoeGeschichte.at
- ↑ Franz Asanger: The Naarnschwemme , Mitterskirchen - an historic portrait of Machland community. Editor: Marktgemeinde Mitterkirchen im Machland, Mitterkirchen 1999, p. 146 f.
- ^ Gerhard Riedl, Silvia Zenta: Along the Danube from Linz to Spitz - postcard landscapes. 2005, ISBN 3-9501725-2-1 , p. 120.
- ^ Rudolf Zach : Perg in the mirror of history. In: Perg, city survey 1969, commemorative publication on the occasion of the city survey. Stadtgemeinde Perg (Ed.), Perg 1969, p. 88 f.
- ↑ Florian and Konrad Eibensteiner: The wood flood on the Naarn. In: Perg, Upper Austria, Illustrated Homeland Book. Self-published, Perg 1933, p. 106 f.
- ↑ Franz Asanger: The end of the wood flood. In: Mitterkirchen - a historical portrait of the Machland community. Editor: Marktgemeinde Mitterkirchen im Machland, Mitterkirchen 1999, p. 255.