Peter Toschek

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Peter Toschek

Peter E. Toschek (born April 18, 1933 in Hindenburg , Upper Silesia , † June 25, 2020 in Hamburg ) was a German physicist and university professor . He dealt with atomic physics , quantum optics and the physics of lasers and was a professor at the University of Hamburg . He is considered to be one of the pioneers of laser spectroscopy and is known for the first time he realized the storage of individual isolated atoms (ions) in an experimentally controlled environment.

Life

Toschek studied physics at the universities of Göttingen and Bonn , where he did his doctorate in 1961 under Wolfgang Paul with a dissertation on the scattering of gallium atoms in defined Zeeman states on argon and helium . In 1963 he founded the first German research group for laser spectroscopy as a research assistant at the Institute for Applied Physics at the University of Heidelberg . Theodor Hänsch soon joined this working group (PhD 1969).

Toschek completed his habilitation in 1968 and became a professor in Heidelberg in 1972. In 1981 he was appointed professor at the University of Hamburg, where he has been active ever since and in 1989/1991 founded the Institute for Laser Physics with Günter Huber . From 1980 to 1990 Toschek was co-editor of Optics Communications . He worked as a visiting scientist at Stanford University (1972) with Tony Siegman , at the Laboratoire Aimé Cotton in Orsay , France, (1978/79) and as a fellow of the Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics (JILA) in Boulder, Colorado (1986 / 87). Peter Toschek remained scientifically active at the Institute for Laser Physics even after his retirement in 1998.

Toschek died on June 25, 2020 at the age of 87.

Act

Since the 1960s, Peter Toschek and colleagues have been developing laser spectroscopic methods such as Doppler-free saturation spectroscopy and highly sensitive absorption spectroscopy in the laser resonator (ICAS). They observed non-linear interactions between light and atoms, including the self-induced transparency of an absorber and the generation of individual optical vibrations, so-called solitons . Toschek's research group first demonstrated the cooling of atoms using laser light in 1978, shortly before David Wineland and co-workers observed them . After Peter Toschek and Hans Georg Dehmelt had proposed the representation and observation of individual atomic ions in 1975, Werner Neuhauser, Martin Hohenstatt and Peter Toschek showed for the first time the storage and investigation of a single atom cooled with laser light (a barium ion) in one Paul's ion trap. This made direct repeated observation, manipulation and spectroscopic examination of individual atoms possible. In 1986, Toschek and co-workers first succeeded in observing the quantum leaps predicted by Niels Bohr on single ions prepared in this way, simultaneously with and independently of their observation by Hans Georg Dehmelt and co-workers. Further work concerned the first demonstration of a two-photon laser (1981), the elimination of quantum noise (in the difference frequency signal of two laser emission lines) by means of correlated spontaneous emission (1990), the stochastic cooling of individual ions (1995), and observation the vibrational dynamics of a stored ion (1998), the demonstration of atomic interferometry on a single atom (1999) and the unambiguous proof of the quantum Zeno effect (2000).

Toschek's employees included, among others, Bernd Appasamy, Valery Baev, Rainer Blatt , Klaus-Jochen Boller, Philippe Courteille, Jürgen Eschner, Theodor Hänsch and Werner Neuhauser.

Awards

In 1990 Peter Toschek received the Robert Wichard Pohl Prize from the German Physical Society (DPG). From 1994 he was a member of the Academy of Sciences in Hamburg . In 2002 he became a Fellow of the Optical Society of America . For 2015 he was awarded the Herbert Walther Prize of the DPG.

literature

  • with Werner Neuhauser: Individual ions for Doppler-free spectroscopy . In: Physical sheets . tape 36 , no. 7 , July 1, 1980, pp. 198–202 , doi : 10.1002 / phbl.19800360714 .
  • The single ion - quantum preparation and ideal clock . In: Physical sheets . tape 46 , no. 7 , July 1, 1990, pp. 213-219 , doi : 10.1002 / phbl.19900460706 .
  • Peter Toschek: What does an observed atom reveal to its observer? , in: Reports from the meetings of the Joachim Jungius-Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften e. V., Hamburg . Volume 23 (2005), Issue 1. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2005, ISBN 3-525-86329-2

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Maiwald: The Department of Physics mourns a valued emeritus colleague. University of Hamburg, Department of Physics, June 26, 2020, accessed on June 27, 2020 .
  2. ↑ Irmgard Flick: The Department of Physics mourns the loss of a valued emeritus colleague. University of Hamburg, June 26, 2020, accessed on June 27, 2020 .
  3. ↑ Th. Hänsch, P. Toschek: Measurement of neon atomic level parameters by laser differential spectrometry . In: Physics Letters . tape 20 , no. 3 , February 15, 1966, p. 273-275 , doi : 10.1016 / 0031-9163 (66) 90361-1 .
  4. ↑ Th. Hänsch, P. Toschek: Laser differential spectrometry measurement on neon depolarization . In: Physics Letters . tape 22 , no. 2 , August 1, 1966, p. 150-151 , doi : 10.1016 / 0031-9163 (66) 90553-1 .
  5. ↑ Th. Hänsch, P. Toschek: Observation of Saturation Peaks in a He-Ne Laser by Tuned Laser Differential Spectrometry . In: IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics . tape 4 , no. 7 , July 1, 1968, p. 467-468 , doi : 10.1109 / JQE.1968.1075367 .
  6. ↑ T. Hansch, AL Schawlow , P. Toschek: Ultrasensitive response of a CW dye laser to selective extinction . In: IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics . tape 8 , no. October 10 , 1972, p. 802-804 , doi : 10.1109 / JQE.1972.1076854 .
  7. ↑ VM Baev, T. Latz, PE Toschek: Laser intracavity absorption spectroscopy . In: Applied Physics B . tape 69 , no. 3 , September 1, 1999, p. 171-202 , doi : 10.1007 / s003400050793 .
  8. ↑ Th. Hänsch, R. Keil, A. Schabert, Ch. Schmelzer, P. Toschek: Interaction of Laser Light Waves by Dynamic Stark Splitting . In: Journal of Physics . tape 226 , no. 3 , June 1, 1969, p. 293-296 , doi : 10.1007 / BF01392091 .
  9. ↑ Th. Hänsch, PE Toschek: Theory of a Three-Level Gas Laser Amplifier . In: Journal of Physics . tape 236 , no. 3 , June 1, 1970, pp. 213-244 , doi : 10.1007 / BF01394503 .
  10. ^ W. Krieger, PE Toschek: Self-induced transparency on the 1.15-μm line of neon . In: Physical Review A . tape 11 , no. 1 , January 1, 1975, p. 276-279 , doi : 10.1103 / PhysRevA.11.276 .
  11. ^ W. Neuhauser, M. Hohenstatt, H. Dehmelt, P. Toschek: Optical Sideband Cooling of Visible Atom Cloud Confined in Parabolic Well . In: Physical Review Letters . tape 41 , no. 4 , July 24, 1978, p. 233-236 , doi : 10.1103 / PhysRevLett.41.233 .
  12. ↑ H. Dehmelt, P. Toschek: Proposed visual detection laser spectroscopy on single Ba + ion . In: Bulletin of the American Physical Society . tape 20 , January 29, 1975, p. 61 .
  13. ^ W. Neuhauser, M. Hohenstatt, PE Toschek, H. Dehmelt: Localized visible Ba + mono-ion oscillator . In: Physical Review A . tape 22 , no. 3 , September 1, 1980, pp. 1137–1140 , doi : 10.1103 / PhysRevA.22.1137 .
  14. ^ Deutsches Museum, The Visible Ion
  15. ↑ Th. Sauter, W. Neuhauser, R. Blatt, PE Toschek: Observation of Quantum Jumps . In: Physical Review Letters . tape 57 , no. 14 , October 6, 1986, p. 1696–1698 , doi : 10.1103 / PhysRevLett.57.1696 .
  16. ↑ B. Nikolaus, DZ Zhang, PE Toschek: Two-Photon Laser . In: Physical Review Letters . tape 47 , no. 3 , July 20, 1981, pp. 171-173 , doi : 10.1103 / PhysRevLett.47.171 .
  17. ↑ Michael P. Winters, John L. Hall, Peter E. Toschek: Correlated spontaneous emission in a Zeeman laser . In: Physical Review Letters . tape 65 , no. 25 , December 17, 1990, pp. 3116-3119 , doi : 10.1103 / PhysRevLett.65.3116 .
  18. ^ Ingo Steiner, Peter E. Toschek: Quenching Quantum Phase Noise: Correlated Spontaneous Emission versus Phase Locking . In: Physical Review Letters . tape 74 , no. 23 , June 5, 1995, pp. 4639-4642 , doi : 10.1103 / PhysRevLett.74.4639 .
  19. ↑ J. Eschner, B. Appasamy, PE Toschek: Stochastic Cooling of a Trapped Ion by Null Detection of Its Fluorescence . In: Physical Review Letters . tape 74 , no. 13 , March 27, 1995, pp. 2435-2438 , doi : 10.1103 / PhysRevLett.74.2435 .
  20. ↑ B. Appasamy, Y. Stalgies, PE Toschek: Measurement-Induced Vibrational Dynamics of a Trapped Ion . In: Physical Review Letters . tape 80 , no. 13 , March 30, 1998, pp. 2805-2808 , doi : 10.1103 / PhysRevLett.80.2805 .
  21. ↑ R. Huesmann, Ch.Balzer, Ph. Courteille, W. Neuhauser, PE Toschek: Single-Atom Interferometry . In: Physical Review Letters . tape 82 , no. 8 , February 22, 1999, p. 1611-1615 , doi : 10.1103 / PhysRevLett.82.1611 .
  22. ^ Chr. Balzer, R. Huesmann, W. Neuhauser, PE Toschek: The quantum Zeno effect - evolution of an atom impeded by measurement . In: Optics Communications . tape 180 , no. 1–3 , June 1, 2000, pp. 115-120 , doi : 10.1016 / S0030-4018 (00) 00716-1 .
  23. ↑ Gerhard Mack, Sascha Wallentowitz, Peter E. Toschek: decoherence in generalized measurement and the quantum Zeno paradox . In: Physics Reports . tape 540 , no. 1 , July 1, 2014, p. 1–23 , doi : 10.1016 / j.physrep.2014.02.004 .
personal data
SURNAME Toschek, Peter
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Toschek, Peter E.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German physicist and university professor
DATE OF BIRTH April 18, 1933
PLACE OF BIRTH Hindenburg , Upper Silesia
DATE OF DEATH June 25, 2020