Petrus de Crescentiis

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Seasons calendar based on a manuscript by de Crescentiis in the Condé Museum, Chantilly
Woodcut from the textbook Ruralia commoda by Petrus de Crescentiis. Special postage stamp of the Deutsche Bundespost from 1980

Pietro de 'Crescenzi (Italian Pier de' Crescenzi * 1230 / 1233 ; † 1320 / 1321 in Bologna ) was an Italian scientist and lawyer and author of writings on agriculture and botany .

Live and act

Petrus de Crescentiis came from a respected family in Bologna. He studied logic , science, medicine and law at the University of Bologna . After completing his studies, he worked as a lawyer for several cities in northern Italy. He withdrew to his estate in 1299 to devote himself to literary studies on agriculture and botany. He wrote his main work Ruralia commoda until around 1305. The work mainly deals with agriculture and botany . It was the first post-Roman work on agriculture and was first translated into German in the second half of the 15th century, first published in Augsburg in 1471. From 1493 it appeared in a more recent translation, which was followed by four reprints by 1531. It is the only known German-language treatise from the Middle Ages that explains the use of the boar pen .

Honor taxon

Carl von Linné named the genus Crescentia of the trumpet tree family (Bignoniaceae) in his honor .

Text editions and translations

  • Ruralium commodorum libri duodecima. Schüssler, Augsburg 1471.
  • De agricultura. Rossi, Venice 1511.
  • De agricultura. Henricpetri , Basel 1538
  • Vom Ackerbaw, Erdtwůcher, and Bawleüten. Of nature, kind, use and usability of all exchanges, fruits, thyme, all of which is so useful to humans in speysz and Artzeneyung [...] XII books. Strasbourg (Hans Knoblouch the Younger) 1531 ( digitized ).
  • Will Richter (ed.): Petrus de Crescentiis (Pier de 'Crescenzi): Ruralia commoda. The knowledge of the perfect farmer around 1300. 4 parts. Winter, Heidelberg 1995-2002, ISBN 978-3-8253-0447-8 .
  • Benedikt Konrad Vollmann (ed.): Petrus de Crescentiis: Successful agriculture. A medieval textbook (= Library of Middle Latin Literature , Volumes 3 and 4). 2 half volumes. Hiersemann, Stuttgart 2007-2008, ISBN 978-3-7772-0712-4
  • Kurt Lindner (Hrsg.): The hunting book of Petrus de Crescentiis in German translations of the 14th and 15th centuries (= sources and studies on the history of hunting , Volume 4). De Gruyter, Berlin 1957

literature

  • Bruno Andreolli: Petrus de Crescentiis. In: Lexikon des Mittelalters , Volume 6, Artemis, Munich / Zurich 1993, ISBN 3-7608-8906-9 , Sp. 1969–1970.
  • Doris Teichmann: A Czech-German recipe manuscript from the beginning of the 17th century. In: Würzburg medical history reports. Volume 16, 1997, pp. 233-260; here only p. 233 and 236.
  • Heinrich Grimm: New contributions to the "fish literature" of the XV. to XVII. Century and through their printer and bookkeeper. In: Börsenblatt for the German book trade - Frankfurt edition. No. 89, November 5, 1968 (= Archive for the History of Books. Volume 62), pp. 2871–2887, here: p. 2883.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Biographical data of Petrus de Crescentiis ( Memento of the original from May 17, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. on hcs.osu.edu (accessed November 29, 2009) @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / hcs.osu.edu
  2. ^ Carl von Linné: Critica Botanica. Leiden 1737, p. 92; Carl von Linné: Genera Plantarum. Leiden 1742, p. 297.


personal data
SURNAME Petrus de Crescentiis
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Pietro de Crescentzi
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Italian lawyer and botanist
DATE OF BIRTH 1230 or 1233
DATE OF DEATH 1320 or 1321
Place of death Bologna