Pastor Mayer House
As Pastor Mayer House are farmhouses referred to as typical of the region Hohenlohe apply and adjacent areas. These are two-storey residential stables with a bricked ground floor.
term
The name “Pfarrer-Mayer-Haus” is said to have been coined by Erich Specht, mayor of Schwäbisch Hall from 1959 to 1971 . He was first mentioned in writing in 1981 by Heinrich Mehl, then head of the Hohenlohe Open Air Museum .
The idea that this type of construction was newly introduced in the 18th century by pastor Johann Friedrich Mayer from Kupferzell and that numerous houses were subsequently rebuilt or completely rebuilt is untenable. Rather, Mayer described the farmhouse common in Hohenlohe at the time in his textbook for land and housekeepers , published in 1773 . The term “Pfarrer-Mayer-Haus” is therefore actually inaccurate, but still widespread. The concise expression should probably stand as a " brand " for the newly founded open-air museum and for the Hohenlohe region itself:
"No other region in Germany has such a dazzling name for its farmhouses"
Design
The "Pfarrer-Mayer-Houses" are two-story half - timbered buildings with a bricked ground floor made of hewn ashlars. On this first floor there were stables for horses , cattle and pigs . The high humidity due to the livestock housed in a small space is also the reason for the massive construction.
The upper floor, accessible through the stable, contained the living room , kitchen, hall and - from the 16th century - other chambers. The living area was heated by the warmth of the stable. From the beginning, the houses had gable roofs instead of a hip or half-hip roof . On the mostly undeveloped stage was hay or grain stored.
In contrast to two-story farmhouses in other regions such as the Black Forest house, the living area was exclusively on the upper floor (“stilted”). This also applies to the town houses from the early modern period that have been preserved in the town of Schwäbisch Hall , which are similar to the village ones in many ways.
History and dissemination
Farmhouses of this type replaced the post- and- beam construction in Hohenlohe by the middle of the 16th century . Nevertheless, their existence was negated for a long time before the middle of the 18th century: Mayer's descriptions and the incorrect statements of the former head of the Hohenlohe Central Archives , Karl Schumm, were referred to instead of “doing extensive research on site with time-consuming house inspections have to". A house in Sülz dated to 1544 was considered to be a "singular phenomenon". In addition, many farmhouses had inscriptions dated to the period between 1750 and 1850 and were therefore not examined dendrochronologically .
The oldest known "Pfarrer-Mayer-Haus", from the year 1418, is located in Bröckingen , other early houses of this type are or were in Uttenhofen (built in 1450 and 1463) and Raibach (built in 1451), two parts of the municipality of Rosengarten , and in Sulzbach (built in 1544). The oak wood used to build “Haus Veit” from Zaisenhausen was dendrochronologically dated to the winter of 1549/50. This farmhouse has been in the Hohenloher Freilandmuseum Wackershofen since 2004 .
“Pastor Mayer houses” were also widespread in neighboring areas, although they are usually not called that there: especially in the Odenwald and the building land , but also in the Swabian-Franconian Forest and in Central Franconia . In the region between Crailsheim and Ansbach , one and two-story farmhouses occur side by side. There is no such thing as an exclusively Hohenlohe farmhouse. However, the “Pfarrer-Mayer-Haus” has proven itself over several centuries and has thus become a “hallmark of the Hohenlohe region”.
literature
- Johann Friedrich Mayer: Textbook for the farmer and housekeeper in the pragmatic history of the whole land and housekeeping of the Hohenlohe Schillingsfürstischen Amt Kupferzell. Zeh, Nuremberg 1773 ( digitized version ).
- Albrecht Bedal (ed.): Farmhouse from Zaisenhausen. Life in a Hohenlohe village 400 years ago. (= Houses, People and Museum, Volume 4) Hohenloher Freilandmuseum, Schwäbisch Hall 2008, ISBN 978-3-9806793-9-8 .
- Albrecht Bedal (ed.): Old buildings, new knowledge. Two open-air museums and their heritage in the 21st century. Schwäbisch Hall 2012.
Web links
- Typical Hohenlohe farmhouse? ( Memento from September 16, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) on swp.de
- Pastor Mayer described the 18th century farmhouse in Hohenlohe on swp.de.
- Pastor Mayer type farmhouse in Neuenstein-Obersöllbach near the Baden-Württemberg State Monument Preservation
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Pastor Mayer described the 18th century farmhouse in Hohenlohe on swp.de.
- ↑ a b c Ulrike Marski: A pastor as an architect? Background of a hoax. In: Albrecht Bedal: Old Buildings, New Findings. Pp. 9-13.
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i Albrecht Bedal: From book knowledge to object research. House research at the Hohenloher Freilandmuseum. In: Albrecht Bedal: Old Buildings, New Findings. Pp. 28-33.
- ↑ a b c d e Gerd Schäfer: Error excluded. Buildings in the country and in small towns around 1500. In: Albrecht Bedal (Hrsg.): Old buildings, new knowledge. Two open-air museums and their heritage in the 21st century. Schwäbisch Hall 2012, pp. 14-27.
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j Albrecht Bedal: Farmhouse from Zaisenhausen.
- ↑ In every corner there is a reminder on Stimme.de
- ↑ Albrecht Bedal: House Schüßler, a typical Odenwald farmhouse? Questions of house research on the typology of house forms in the Odenwald and building land. In: Thomas Naumann (ed.): The Schüßler farm in Gottersdorf. On the history of a large farm on the Walldürner Höhe. Walldürn 1987, pp. 97-110. Quoted from: Thomas Naumann: A “Pastor Mayer House” in the Odenwald! The large Schüßler farm in Gottersdorf. In: Albrecht Bedal: Old Buildings, New Findings. P. 49.
- ↑ Thomas Naumann: A “Pastor Mayer House” in the Odenwald! The large Schüßler farm in Gottersdorf. In: Albrecht Bedal: Old Buildings, New Findings. Pp. 46-53.