Hohenloher Freilandmuseum Wackershofen
 The open air museum from the southwest |
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| Data | |
|---|---|
| place | Wackershofen Schwäbisch Hall 
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| Art |
Open air museum
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| opening | 1983 |
| operator |
Hohenloher Freilandmuseum eV
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| management | |
| Website | |
| ISIL | DE-MUS-210311 |
The Hohenlohe Open Air Museum Wackershofen in to Schwäbisch Hall belonging hamlet Wackershofen is one of seven regional open-air museums in Baden-Wuerttemberg . It was opened in 1983 and presents old buildings moved here from northeast Baden-Württemberg, primarily from the Hohenlohe and Schwäbisch Hall districts , but also from the Main-Tauber district , the Heilbronn district , the Rems-Murr and Ostalb districts and the districts Heidenheim and Ludwigsburg . In more than 60 implemented, partially reconstructed buildings from the region between the Neckar and Main , Swabian Alb and Frankenhöhe , from areas such as the Hohenlohe plain , the Swabian-Franconian Forest and the Taubergrund , Wackershofen tells the story of the rural population and their way of life from the late Middle Ages to documented into the 20th century.
Michael Happe has been the museum director since 2013 .
history
prehistory
A forerunner of the open-air museum, the Schönenberg Farm Museum in the Untermünkheim district of Schönenberg , was opened in 1972. It showed domestic furnishings and agricultural equipment in an old stable house .
When the establishment of open-air museums in Baden-Württemberg was under discussion at the end of the 1970s, the Schönenberger Initiative suggested the Schwäbisch Hall area as the location for a new open-air museum that would represent the Franconian part of Württemberg . The state government promised its support and the city of Schwäbisch Hall made the 35 hectare museum area available. It is located in the direct connection to the hamlet of Wackershofen in the south between the Crailsheim – Heilbronn railway line in the north and goes to the edge of the forest in the west.
In mid-1979, the Hohenloher Freilandmuseum association was founded, a museum director was hired and a museum team was set up. In the same year the first building to be relocated, the Steigengasthaus above Michelfeld , was dismantled.
opening
When it opened in June 1983, 13 buildings were presented to the public. Four buildings, namely the Weidnerhof with its outbuildings, already existed on the outskirts of Wackershofen and formed the core of the new museum. Nine other buildings had already been moved to the museum.
Further development
Forty buildings had been shown by 1991. Since then, the expansion has slowed down, among other things for financial reasons, but continues to progress. In 2007 there were over sixty buildings.
In addition to the Hohenloher Dorf building group , which adjoins the hamlet of Wackershofen and shows buildings from Hohenlohe and the surrounding area in the form of a cluster , there is also the wine landscape group with houses from the wine regions around Heilbronn and on the Tauber .
A little further away is the forest mountains assembly , which presents buildings from the forest landscapes of the region supervised by the museum.
A mill valley with (as of 2010) two mills connects the Waldberge and Hohenloher Dorf assemblies . The stream of the Mühlental has so far only been fed by the overflow water of a pond above that is filled with rainwater and is therefore often dry. The aim is a closed water circuit with an electric pump.
A special technical assembly with the old copper cell train station was built directly on the railway line leading past the museum grounds . It is a typical Württemberg standard station with its warehouse. The historic official apartment in it is open to visitors with illustrations of the history of the building and its railway system.
Since the year 2000 there has been a “Wackershofen” train stop at the Freilandmuseum, which is served every two hours. The historical station building, which has been moved here, still bears the inscription "Kupferzell".
The museum has recently been used as a location for television film productions such as The Indomitable Heart ( ARD 2004), Schiller (ARD 2005), Margarete Steiff (ARD 2005) and Carl and Bertha Benz (ARD 2010). In 2014, scenes from the feature film Elser - He would have changed the world were filmed in the open air museum in Königsbronn .
building
The museum exhibits are the buildings and their historical furnishings. The Hohenloher Freilandmuseum has particularly dealt with the topic of relocation and sees the houses and buildings not only as covers for exhibitions, but also puts them in the landscape as original pieces with their own character and shows handicrafts , house, garden, arable and Agriculture as they lived in and around the buildings.
In addition to intensive folklore house and building research , which was not so well known in the region around Kocher and Jagst in the past, the museum endeavors to use innovative translocation techniques to move as much of the original substance of the building as possible from the original location to the museum grounds. As early as the early 1980s, first attempts were made to relocate entire half-timbered walls of barns and half-timbered gables. The aim was and is to look at the building substance like a classic museum exhibit, to leave the traces of use, to document the structural changes and not to create an unrealistic, imaginative "original state" in the museum. The technology used is developed by the museum team in cooperation with the Schwäbisch Haller Spedition Kübler, which specializes in special transports and often tries out new technologies here.
In 1988, this led to the entire roof structure of the poor house in Hößlinsülz being transported to the open air museum for the first time . The success of this measure with the preserved inner and outer walls including the infill between the beams, the original floorboards, the historical roof battens and, above all, the original layers of plaster and paint was so convincing that from that point in time only this translocation technique of moving large parts was left in the Hohenloher Open Air Museum was applied.
Shortly afterwards, the successful transport of undisassembled, solid masonry walls, such as the chapel made of sticks , the outer walls of which reached the museum with all surfaces and traces of previous use.
Even the transport of a vault, not dismantled and weighing almost 100 tons in total, succeeded and today in the open-air museum tells of the skills of former masons.
The 100-year-old station building from Kupferzell with a waiting hall and storage shed reached Wackershofen in four large room units (ground floor, upper floor, waiting hall and storage room) on low-loaders . Only here on site was it possible to examine the original wall mounts and develop a restoration concept from them. With the classic method of dismantling, many cultural and historical insights would have been irretrievably destroyed here and in the other houses.
Presentation of folklore research
If the focus is on the buildings themselves as central exhibits, the museum is also concerned with telling biographical texts and furnishings about the former residents and placing their lives in a general historical background. Furnished houses are an indispensable part of this, but special exhibitions, demonstrations, campaigns and information are also intended to give visitors a vivid picture of the further and immediate past. This includes keeping old breeds of domestic animals such as Swabian-Hall pigs and Limpurger cattle , goats, sheep and poultry as well as the cultivation of historical grains . In four assemblies, topics as diverse as viticulture , pig breeding , village craftsmen , women's history , agricultural engineering , the Third Reich , schooling , the 1950s and many others are shown on the large site . A small house from the late 15th century, for example, tells of the modest living conditions 500 years ago, while a splendid half-timbered house from 1794 makes it clear how prosperity could be achieved in the countryside in earlier times. A craftsman's house from the 19th century documents the earlier close ties between farmers and craftsmen in the countryside. The social spectrum goes from villa-like large farmsteads to poor houses and day laborers' houses . Barns and workshops complement the yard facilities.
The splendid historic village inn "Roter Ochse" is now being managed again in the open air museum. It stands on the edge and can also be visited without entering the museum.
In four residential buildings, the visitor learns about the life and work of former residents. In the Käshof , a large homestead, those interested in history are told the authentic story of a persecuted Jewish family who found shelter on a Hohenlohe farm in 1944/45 until it was liberated by the Americans. The RAD barracks, used as accommodation for forced laborers , commemorate the people whose labor was exploited by the National Socialists to support their ruling apparatus, and the history of the former barrel factory Karl Kurz KG in the Schwäbisch Hall district of Hessental is shown. It is one of two barracks of this type, originally produced in very large numbers, that have been preserved in open-air museums. The other barrack is in the open-air museum Roscheider Hof .
This broad spectrum is supplemented by a historic station building, where trains stop again today, sheep barns that serve as sheep stables again as in the past, a large warehouse for storing the grain harvest with a fully functional interior, a Steigengasthof (for travelers and wagoners ) with a small one Dance hall, a stately school building with an originally furnished classroom, a beer cellar with a bar (on certain Sundays), two historic bowling alleys , a forester's house , a detention house and a weekend broom bar for serving wine, a special Swabian type of catering.
Museum education and volunteers
Competent guides are available for groups. Volunteers look after the building as "housekeeping" and are open to visitors' questions. Without the volunteers, the many days of action and demonstrations, festivals and events could not take place.
As long as the staff is sufficient, a number of projects are offered for school groups that are so well received that they are often fully booked immediately. The tightly dimensioned full-time position plan is not enough to expand the technical and socio-historical broad-based work for the next generation.
Events
Every year in mid-May, the South German Cheese Market takes place in the museum village. Traditional cheese dairies come from all over Germany, but also from other countries such as Switzerland, the Netherlands and Italy, who, as slow food producers, offer their own types of cheese . There are also sophisticated foods such as special vegetable oils, schnapps, coffee, cakes, "edible landscapes" etc.
Regularly be craft day organized where craftsmen - eg. B. woodturners , blacksmiths , shoemakers , white seamstresses , etc. - demonstrate their craftsmanship from Hohenlohe and teach interested parties the basics of their craft.
At the beginning of August 2007, the museum association organized a fashion show for the first time with historical clothing and mannequins spontaneously recruited from club members and museum visitors, which was very popular and is to be repeated.
The oven festival is the big annual festival in the Hohenloher Freilandmuseum with a market, fresh Blooz (bread cake) from the ovens, dance groups, cattle awards, jugglers and music. It takes place every year on the last weekend in September.
In the autumn after the harvest, the great threshing is held with original machines up to 100 years old and belt drive from the tractor at several farms in the museum grounds.
The night of lights takes place in October , during which historical buildings are bathed in colored lights and lantern tours and performances by fire artists are organized.
At the end of the season there is a slaughter festival with house slaughter and the sale of fresh butcher's / butcher products from the museum's own pig breeding.
In addition, there are numerous, often all-day campaign Sundays on special seasonal topics ( beekeeping , historical potato cultivation , pre-Christmas).
See also
literature
- Albrecht Bedal: Rural Buildings. Signpost through the Hohenloher Freilandmuseum . 2nd revised edition. Association Hohenloher Freilandmuseum eV, Schwäbisch Hall 2001, ISBN 3-9806793-5-7
- Albrecht Bedal: At home with us. A guide through the Hohenlohe Open Air Museum . New, completely revised edition of the museum guide with 248 pages and more than 400 illustrations. Association Hohenloher Freilandmuseum e. V., Schwäbisch Hall 2008, ISBN 978-3-9806793-8-1
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Filming in 2014 on georg-elser-arbeitskreis.de. Retrieved July 12, 2015.